Design optimization of TTEthernet-based distributed real-time systems

Real-Time Systems

Volumn 51, Issue 1, 2015, Pages 1-35

  Tămaş–Selicean, Domiţian ^a   Pop, Paul ^a   Steiner, Wilfried ^b  

^a TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF DENMARK   (Denmark)

^b TTTech Computertechnik AG   (Austria)

Author keywords

Frame packing; Network protocols; Real time; Routing; Scheduling; TTEthernet

Indexed keywords

INTERACTIVE COMPUTER SYSTEMS; INTERNET PROTOCOLS; NETWORK PROTOCOLS; NETWORK ROUTING; SAFETY ENGINEERING; SCHEDULING; TABU SEARCH;

DISTRIBUTED ARCHITECTURE; DISTRIBUTED REAL TIME SYSTEM; HETEROGENEOUS PROCESSING; OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS; REAL TIME; REAL-TIME APPLICATION; ROUTING; TTETHERNET;

REAL TIME SYSTEMS;

EID: 84914141661     PISSN: 09226443     EISSN: 15731383     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11241-014-9214-8     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Al Sheikh A, Brun O, Chéramy M, Hladik PE (2013) Optimal design of virtual links in AFDX networks. Real-Time Syst J 49(3):308–336
2. Almeida L, Pedreiras P, Fonseca J (2002a) The FTT-CAN protocol: why and how. IEEE Trans Ind Electron 49(6):1189–1201
3. Almeida L, Tovar E, Fonseca JAG, Vasques F (2002b) Schedulability analysis of real-time traffic in WorldFIP networks: an integrated approach. IEEE Trans Ind Electron 49(5):1165–1174
4. ARINC (2009) ARINC 664P7: Aircraft data network, Part 7. Avionics full-duplex switched ethernet network, ARINC (Aeronautical Radio, Inc)
5. Ayed H, Mifdaoui A, Fraboul C (2012) Frame packing strategy within gateways for multi-cluster avionics embedded networks. In: Proceedings of emerging technologies factory automation, pp 1–8.
6. Azim A, Carvajal G, Pellizzoni R, Fischmeister S (2014) Generation of communication schedules for multi-mode distributed real-time applications. In: design, automation and test in Europe conference and exhibition, pp 1–6.
7. Baransel C, Dobosiewicz W, Gburzynski P (1995) Routing in multihop packet switching networks: Gb/s challenge. IEEE Netw 9(3):38–61
8. Burns A, Davis R (2013) Mixed criticality on controller area network. In: Proceedings of the euromicro conference on real-time systems, pp 125–134.
9. Cormen TH, Leiserson CE, Rivest RL, Stein C (2009) Introduction to algorithms, 3rd edn. MIT Press, Cambridge
10. Cummings R, Richter K, Ernst R, Diemer J, Ghosal A (2012) Exploring use of ethernet for in-vehicle control applications: AFDX, TTEthernet, EtherCAT, and AVB. SAE Int J Passenger Cars-Electron Electr Syst 5(1):72–88
11. Davis R, Burns A, Bril R, Lukkien J (2007) Controller area network (CAN) schedulability analysis: refuted, revisited and revised. Real-Time Syst 35(3):239–272
12. Davis R, Burns A (2009) Robust priority assignment for messages on controller area network (CAN). Real-Time Syst 41(2):152–180
13. Decotignie JD (2005) Ethernet-based real-time and industrial communications. Proc IEEE 93(6):1102–1117
14. Dobrin R, Fohler G (2001) Implementing off-line message scheduling on controller area network (CAN). In: Proceedings of the international conference on emerging technologies and factory automation, vol.1, pp 241–245
15. ETG (2013) ETG.1000.1 EtherCAT Specification. EtherCAT Technology Group.
16. Fletcher M (2009) Progression of an open architecture: from Orion to Altair and LSS. White paper S65–5000-20-0, Honeywell International, Glendale
17. Garey MR, Johnson DS (1979) Computers and intractability: a guide to the theory of NP-completeness. W. H. Freeman & co., New York
18. Gendreau M (2002) An Introduction to Tabu search. Centre for Research on Transportation (C.R.T.)
19. Glover F, Laguna M (1997) Tabu search. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Norwell, MA
20. Grammatikakis MD, Hsu D, Kraetzl M, Sibeyn JF (1998) Packet routing in fixed-connection networks: a survey. J Parallel Distrib Comput 54(2):77–132
21. Hanzalek Z, Burget P, Sucha P (2010) Profinet IO IRT message scheduling with temporal constraints. IEEE Trans Ind Inform 6(3):369–380. doi:10.1109/TII.2010.2052819
22. Herpel T, Kloiber B, German R, Fey S (2009) Routing of safety-relevant messages in automotive ECU networks. In: Proceedings of the vehicular technology conference, pp 1–5.
23. IEEE (2009) IEEE 802.1Qav—IEEE Standard for local and metropolitan area networks—virtual bridged local area networks amendment 12: forwarding and queueing enhancements for time-sensitive streams. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
24. IEEE (2010) IEEE 802.1Qat—IEEE standard for local and metropolitan area networks—virtual bridged local area networks amendment 14: stream reservation protocol. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
25. IEEE (2011a) IEEE 802.1AS—IEEE standard for local and metropolitan area networks—timing and synchronization for time-sensitive applications in bridged local area networks. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
26. IEEE (2011b) IEEE 802.1BA—IEEE standard for local and metropolitan area networks—audio video bridging (AVB) systems. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
27. IEEE (2012) IEEE 802.3—IEEE standard for ethernet. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
28. ISO (2003) ISO 11898: Road vehicles—controller area network (CAN). International Organization for Standardization (ISO), Geneva
29. ISO (2010) ISO 10681: Road vehicles—communication on FlexRay. International Organization for Standardization (ISO), Geneva
30. Kopetz H (2011) Real-time systems: design principles for distributed embedded applications. Springer, Berlin
31. Lee YH, Rachlin E, Scandura PA (2005) Safety and Certification Approaches for Ethernet-Based Aviation Databuses. Tech. Rep. DOT/FAA/AR-05/52, Federal Aviation Administration.
32. Marau R, Almeida L, Pedreiras P, Lakshmanan K, Rajkumar R (2010) Utilization-based schedulability analysis for switched ethernet aiming dynamic QoS management. In: Proceedings of the conference on emerging technologies and factory automation, pp 1–10.
33. Mohammad U, Al-holou N (2010) Development of an automotive communication benchmark. Canadian J Electr Electron Eng 1(5):99–115
34. Nam M-Y, Lee J, Park K-J, Sha L, Kang K (2014) Guaranteeing the end-to-end latency of an IMA system with an increasing workload. IEEE Trans Comput 63(6):1460–1473
35. Obermaisser R (2011) Time-triggered communication. CRC Press, Boca Raton
36. Paulitsch M, Schmidt E, Gstöttenbauer B, Scherrer C, Kantz H (2011) Time-triggered communication (industrial applications). In: Time-triggered communication. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 121–152
37. Pedreiras P, Gai P, Almeida L, Buttazzo G (2005) FTT-Ethernet: a flexible real-time communication protocol that supports dynamic QoS management on ethernet-based systems. IEEE Trans Ind Inform 1(3):162–172
38. Pedreiras P, Almeida L (2004) Message routing in multi-segment FTT networks: the isochronous approach. In: Proceedings of the parallel and distributed processing symposium, pp 122–129.
39. Pop P, Eles P, Peng Z (2005) Schedulability-driven frame packing for multicluster distributed embedded systems. ACM Trans Embed Comput Syst 4(1):112–140
40. Pop T, Pop P, Eles P, Peng Z, Andrei A (2008) Timing analysis of the FlexRay communication protocol. Real-Time Syst 39(1–3):205–235
41. Pop P, Eles P, Peng Z (1999) Scheduling with optimized communication for time-triggered embedded systems. In: Proceedings of the international workshop on hardware/software codesign, pp 178–182.
42. Rushby J (2001) A comparison of bus architectures for safety-critical embedded systems. Tech. rep, Computer Science Laboratory, SRI International
43. SAE (1993) SAE J2056/1 Class C Application Requirement Considerations. Standard, SAE International
44. SAE (2011) AS6802: Time-Triggered Ethernet. SAE International.
45. Saket R, Navet N (2006) Frame packing algorithms for automotive applications. J Embed Comput 2(1):93–102
46. Sandstrom K, Norstom C, Ahlmark M (2000) Frame packing in real-time communication. In: Proceedings of the conference on real-time computing systems and applications, pp 399–403.
47. Schneele S, Geyer F (2012) Comparison of IEEE AVB and AFDX. In: Proceedings of the digital avionics systems conference, pp 7A1-1–7A1-9.
48. Schumacher M, Jasperneite J, Weber K (2008) A new approach for increasing the performance of the industrial ethernet system profinet. In: Peoceedings of the international workshop on factory communication systems, pp 159–167. doi:10.1109/WFCS.2008.4638725
49. Steinbach T, Lim HT, Korf F, Schmidt TC, Herrscher D, Wolisz A (2012) Tomorrow’s in-car interconnect? a competitive evaluation of IEEE 802.1 AVB and time-triggered ethernet (AS6802). In: Proceedings of the IEEE vehicular technology conference, pp 1–5. IEEE Press
50. Steiner W (2010) An evaluation of SMT-based schedule synthesis for time-triggered multi-hop networks. In: Proceedings of the real-time systems symposium, pp 375–384.
51. Steiner W (2011) Synthesis of static communication schedules for mixed-criticality systems. In: Proceedings of the international symposium on object/component/service-oriented real-time distributed computing workshops, pp 11–18.
52. Steiner W, Bauer G, Hall B, Paulitsch M, Varadarajan S (2009) TTEthernet dataflow concept. In: Proceedings of the international symposium on network computing and applications, pp 319–322.
53. Suen J, Kegley R, Preston J (2013) Affordable avionic networks with gigabit ethernet assessing the suitability of commercial components for airborne use. In: Proceedings of SoutheastCon, pp 1–6.
54. Suethanuwong E (2012) Scheduling time-triggered traffic in TTEthernet systems. In: Proceedings of the conference on emerging technologies and factory automation, pp 1–4.
55. Tămaş-Selicean D (2014) Design of mixed-criticality applications on distributed real-time systems. PhD Thesis, Technical University of Denmark.
56. Tămaş-Selicean D, Pop P (2011) Design optimization of mixed-criticality real-time applications on cost-constrained partitioned architectures. In: Proceedings of the real-time systems symposium, pp 24–33.
57. Tămaş-Selicean D, Pop P, Steiner W (2012) Synthesis of communication schedules for TTEthernet-based mixed-criticality systems. In: Proceedings of the international conference on hardware/software codesign and system synthesis, pp 473–482.
58. Tanasa B, Dutta Bordoloi U, Eles P, Peng Z (2011) Reliability-aware frame packing for the static segment of FlexRay. In: Proceedings of the international conference on embedded software, EMSOFT ’11. ACM, New York, pp 175–184
59. Wang B, Hou J (2000) Multicast routing and its QoS extension: problems, algorithms, and protocols. IEEE Netw 14(1):22–36
60. Wisniewski L, Schumacher M, Jasperneite J, Schriegel S (2012) Fast and simple scheduling algorithm for profinet IRT networks. In: Proceedings of the international workshop on factory communication systems, pp 141–144. doi:10.1109/WFCS.2012.6242556
61. Zafirov AT (2012) Modelling and simulation of the TTEtherent communication protocol. M.Sc. Thesis, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark