The SHAZ! project: Results from a pilot randomized trial of a structural intervention to prevent HIV among adolescent women in Zimbabwe

PLoS ONE

Volumn 9, Issue 11, 2014, Pages

  Dunbar, Megan S ^a   Kang Dufour, Mi Suk ^b   Lambdin, Barrot ^a   Mudekunye Mahaka, Imelda ^d   Nhamo, Definate ^d   Padian, Nancy S ^c  

^a Pangaea Global AIDS Foundation   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^d Zimbabwe CDC AIDS Program   (Zimbabwe)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADOLESCENT HEALTH; ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY; ARTICLE; CONDOM USE; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; FOOD SECURITY; HIGH RISK POPULATION; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; PATIENT MONITORING; PHYSICAL VIOLENCE; PILOT STUDY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; SEXUAL VIOLENCE; SOCIAL STATUS; THERAPY EFFECT; TRANSACTIONAL SEX; UNWANTED PREGNANCY; VOCATIONAL EDUCATION; ZIMBABWE; CLINICAL TRIAL; HIV INFECTIONS; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1; MULTICENTER STUDY;

ADOLESCENT; FEMALE; HIV INFECTIONS; HIV-1; HUMANS; PILOT PROJECTS; ZIMBABWE;

EID: 84913582347     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113621     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency (2011) Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey 2010-11. Calverton, Maryland.
2. Mlambo A, Raftopoulos B (2010) The Regional dimensions of Zimbabwe's multi-layered crisis: An Analysis. Election processes, Liberation movements and Democratic change in Africa Conference. Maputo: CMI and IESE.
3. Tibaijuka AK (2005) Report of the Fact-Finding Mission to Zimbabwe to Assess the Scope and impact of Operation Murambatsvina by the UN Special Envoy on Human Settlements Issues in Zimbabwe. New York, New York.
4. Gupta GR, Parkhurst JO, Ogden JA, Aggleton P, Mahal A (2008) Structural approaches to HIV prevention. Lancet 372: 764-775.
5. Krishnan S, Dunbar MS, Minnis AM, Medlin CA, Gerdts CE, et al. (2008) Poverty, gender inequities, and women's risk of human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1136: 101-110.
6. Sumartojo E, Doll L, Holtgrave D, Gayle H, Merson M (2000) Enriching the mix: incorporating structural factors into HIV prevention. AIDS 14 Suppl 1:: 1-2.
7. Howard BH, Phillips CV, Matinhure N, Goodman KJ, McCurdy SA, et al. (2006) Barriers and incentives to orphan care in a time of AIDS and economic crisis: A cross-sectional survey of caregivers in rural Zimbabwe. BMC Public Health 6: 27.
8. Nyamukapa C, Gregson S (2005) Extended family's and women's roles in safeguarding orphans' education in AIDS-afflicted rural Zimbabwe. Soc Sci Med 60: 2155-2167.
9. Cluver L, Gardner F, Operario D (2007) Psychological distress amongst AIDS-orphaned children in urban South Africa. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 48: 755-763.
10. Auerbach JD, Parkhurst JO, Caceres CF (2011) Addressing social drivers of HIV/AIDS for the longterm response: conceptual and methodological considerations. Glob Public Health 6 Suppl 3:: S293- 309.
11. Sumartojo E (2000) Structural factors in HIV prevention: concepts, examples, and implications for research. AIDS 14 Suppl 1: S3-10.
12. Gibbs A, Willan S, Misselhorn A, Mangoma J (2012) Combined structural interventions for gender equality and livelihood security: A critical review of the evidence from southern and eastern Africa and the implications for young people. J Int AIDS Soc 15 Suppl 1: 1-10.
13. Seeley J, Watts CH, Kippax S, Russell S, Heise L, et al. (2012) Addressing the structural drivers of HIV: A luxury or necessity for programmes? J Int AIDS Soc 15 Suppl 1: 1-4.
14. Kim J, Pronyk P, Barnett T, Watts C (2008) Exploring the role of economic empowerment in HIV prevention. AIDS 22 Suppl 4: 57-71.
15. Coates TJ, Richter L, Caceres C (2008) Behavioural strategies to reduce HIV transmission: How to make them work better. Lancet 372: 669-684.
16. Wilson F (2013) Project Coordinator, Wild4Life. Hwange, Zimbabwe.
17. Calves AE, Cornwell GT, Enyegue PE (1996) Adolescent sexual activity in sub-Saharan Africa: Do men have the same strategies and motivations as women? Working Paper AD96-04. University Park, Pennsylvania: Population Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University.
18. Fuglesang M (1997) Lessons for life-past and present modes of sexuality education in Tanzanian society. Soc Sci Med 44: 1245-1254.
19. Gage AJ, Meekers D (1994) Sexual activity before marriage in sub-Saharan Africa. Soc Biol 41: 44-60.
20. Haram L (1995) Negotiating sexuality in times of economic want: The young and modern Meru women In: Knut-Inge K, Biswalo PM, Talle A, editors. Young people at risk: fighting AIDS in northern Tanzania. Oslo, Norway: Scandinavian University Press. pp. 31-48.
21. Irvin A (2000) Taking Steps of Courage: Teaching Adolescents about Sexuality and Gender in Nigeria and Cameroun. New York, New York: International Women's Health Coalition.
22. Komba-Malekela B (1994) Looking for men. In: Tumbo-Masabo Z, Liljestrom R,, editors. Chelewa, chelewa The dilemma of teenage girls: Nordic Africa Institute.
23. Laga M, Schwartlander B, Pisani E, Sow PS, Carael M (2001) To stem HIV in Africa, prevent transmission to young women. AIDS 15: 931-934.
24. Nzyuko S, Lurie P, McFarland W, Leyden W, Nyamwaya D, et al. (1997) Adolescent sexual behavior along the Trans-Africa Highway in Kenya. AIDS 11 Suppl 1: 21-26.
25. Bureau PR (1998) Women of our World. Washington, DC.
26. Webb D (1997) HIV and AIDS in Africa. London: Pluto Press. xiii, 258 p.
27. Weiss E, Whelan D, Gupta GR (1996) Vulnerability and opportunity: Adolescents and HIV/AIDS in the developing world. Washington, DC.
28. Wood K, Maforah F, Jewkes R (1998) "He forced me to love him": putting violence on adolescent sexual health agendas. Soc Sci Med 47: 233-242.
29. Dunkle KL, Jewkes RK, Brown HC, Gray GE, McIntryre JA, et al. (2004) Transactional sex among women in Soweto, South Africa: prevalence, risk factors and association with HIV infection. Soc Sci Med 59: 1581-1592.
30. Gupta GR (2000) Gender, sexuality, and HIV/AIDS: The what, the why, and the how. Can HIV AIDS Policy Law Rev 5: 86-93.
31. Kim JC, Watts CH, Hargreaves JR, Ndhlovu LX, Phetla G, et al. (2007) Understanding the impact of a microfinance-based intervention on women's empowerment and the reduction of intimate partner violence in South Africa. Am J Public Health 97: 1794-1802.
32. Strickland RS (2004) To Have and to Hold: Women's Property and Inheritance Rights in the Context of HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa. Washington, DC.
33. Sherman SG, German D, Cheng Y, Marks M, Bailey-Kloche M (2006) The evaluation of the JEWEL project: An innovative economic enhancement and HIV prevention intervention study targeting drug using women involved in prostitution. AIDS Care 18: 1-11.
34. Pronyk PM, Kim JC, Hargreaves JR, Morison L, Makhubele MB, et al. (2005) Integrating Microfinance and HIV prevention - perspectives and emerging lessons from rural South Africa. Small Enterprise Development 16: 26-38.
35. Baird SJ, Garfein RS, McIntosh CT, Ozler B (2012) Effect of a cash transfer programme for schooling on prevalence of HIV and herpes simplex type 2 in Malawi: A cluster randomised trial. Lancet 379: 1320- 1329.
36. Jewkes R, Nduna M, Levin J, Jama N, Dunkle K, et al. (2008) Impact of stepping stones on incidence of HIV and HSV-2 and sexual behaviour in rural South Africa: cluster randomised controlled trial. BMJ 337.
37. Hallfors D, Cho H, Rusakaniko S, Iritani B, Mapfumo J, et al. (2011) Supporting adolescent orphan girls to stay in school as HIV risk prevention: evidence from a randomized controlled trial in Zimbabwe. Am J Public Health 101: 1082-1088.
38. Pronyk PM, Hargreaves JR, Kim JC, Morison LA, Phetla G, et al. (2006) Effect of a structural intervention for the prevention of intimate-partner violence and HIV in rural South Africa: A cluster randomised trial. Lancet 368: 1973-1983.
39. Pronyk PM, Kim JC, Abramsky T, Phetla G, Hargreaves JR, et al. (2008) A combined microfinance and training intervention can reduce HIV risk behaviour in young female participants. AIDS 22: 1659- 1665.
40. Dunbar MS, Maternowska MC, Kang MS, Laver SM, Mudekunye-Mahaka I, et al. (2010) Findings from SHAZ!: A feasibility study of a microcredit and life-skills HIV prevention intervention to reduce risk among adolescent female orphans in Zimbabwe. J Prev Interv Community 38: 147-161.
41. Chinake H, Dunbar M, Van der Straten A, Esim S, Padian N, et al. (2002) Intergenerational Sex among Adolescents in Zimbabwe; July 7-12, 2002; Barcelona, Spain.
42. Kang M, Dunbar M, Laver S, Padian N (2008) Maternal versus paternal orphans and HIV/STI risk among adolescent girls in Zimbabwe. AIDS Care 20: 214-217.
43. Kabeer N (1999) Resources, Agency, Achievements: Reflections on the Measurement of Women's Empowerment. Development and Change 30: 435-464.
44. Kabeer N (1996) Agency, Well-Being & Inequality: Reflections on the Gender Dimensions of Poverty. IDS bulletin (Brighton 1984) 27: 11-21.
45. CDC (2003) Talk Time I: HIV/AIDS in Zimbabwe Today, Facilitator's Guide and Informational Brochures. Zimbabwe.
46. Hanke SH, Kwok AKF (2009) On the Measurement of Zimbabwe's Hyperinflation. Cato Journal 29: 353-364.
47. Tibaijuka AK (2005) Report of the Fact-Finding Mission to Zimbabwe to assess the Scope and Impact of Operation Murambatsvina by the UN Special Envoy on Human Settlements Issues in Zimbabwe.
48. Gregson S, Nyamukapa CA, Garnett GP, Wambe M, Lewis JJ, et al. (2005) HIV infection and reproductive health in teenage women orphaned and made vulnerable by AIDS in Zimbabwe. AIDS Care 17: 785-794.
49. Jewkes R, Penn-Kekana L, Levin J, Ratsaka M, Schrieber M (1999) "He must give me money, he musn't beat me": violence against women in three South African provinces. Pretoria, South Africa.
50. Barrett G, Smith SC, Wellings K (2004) Conceptualisation, development, and evaluation of a measure of unplanned pregnancy. J Epidemiol Community Health 58: 426-433.
51. Robins JM, Rotnitzky A, Zhao LP (1995) Analysis of semiparametric regression models for repeated outcomes in the presence of missing data. Journal of the American Statistical Association 90: 106-121.
52. Robins JM, Hernan MA, Brumback B (2000) Marginal structural models and causal inference in epidemiology. Epidemiology 11: 550-560.
53. Robins JM (1999) Marginal structural models versus structural nested models as tools for causal inference. In: Halloran ME BD, editor. Statistical Models in Epidemiology: The Environment and Clinical Trials. New York: Springer-Verlag. pp. 95-134.
54. Gibbs A, R J (2013) Stepping Stones and Creating Futures: Preliminary outcomes of a behavioral and structural pilot intervention for young people in urban informal settlements in South Africa. HEARD.
55. Cremin I, Mushati P, Hallett T, Mupambireyi Z, Nyamukapa C, et al. (2009) Measuring trends in age at first sex and age at marriage in Manicaland, Zimbabwe. Sex Transm Infect 85 Suppl 1: i34-40.
56. Zimbabwe. Central Statistical Office, ORC Macro. MEASURE/DHS+ (Programme) (2007) Zimbabwe demographic and health survey, 2005-2006. Harare, Zimbabwe; Calverton, MD: Central Statistical Office; Macro International, Inc. xxiv, 455 p. p.