Lymph node metastases in esophageal carcinoma: An endoscopist’s view

Clinical Endoscopy

Volumn 47, Issue 6, 2014, Pages 523-529

  Cho, Jin Woong ^a   Choi, Suck Chei ^b   Jang, Jae Young ^c   Shin, Sung Kwan ^d   Choi, Kee Don ^e   Lee, Jun Haeng ^f   Kim, Sang Gyun ^g   Sung, Jae Kyu ^h   Jeon, Seong Woo ⁱ   Choi, Il Ju ^j   Kim, Gwang Ha ^k   Jee, Sam Ryong ^l   Lee, Wan Sik ^m   Jung, Hwoon Yong ^e  

^a Presbyterian Medical Center   (South Korea)

^b Wonkwang University School of Medicine   (South Korea)

^c Kyung Hee University Hospital   (South Korea)

^d Yonsei University College of Medicine   (South Korea)

^e University of Ulsan College of Medicine   (South Korea)

^f Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine   (South Korea)

^g Seoul National University College of Medicine   (South Korea)

^h Chungnam National University   (South Korea)

ⁱ Kyungpook National University School of Medicine   (South Korea)

^j National Cancer Center   (South Korea)

^k Pusan National University School of Medicine   (South Korea)

^l Inje University College of Medicine   (South Korea)

^m Chonnam National University Medical School   (South Korea)

more..

Author keywords

Endoscopic resection; Esophageal neoplasms; Lymph node metastasis

Indexed keywords

EID: 84912100947     PISSN: 22342400     EISSN: 22342443     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5946/ce.2014.47.6.523     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Yang JI. A study of esophageal cancer detected by screening upper en-doscopy for a routine health check-up. Korean J Helicobacter Up Gas-trointest Res 2013;13:99-103.
2. Isono K, Sato H, Nakayama K. Results of a nationwide study on the three-field lymph node dissection of esophageal cancer. Oncology 1991;48:411-420.
3. Cense HA, van Eijck CH, Tilanus H W. New insights in the lymphatic spread of oesophageal cancer and its implications for the extent of surgical resection. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2006;20:893-906.
4. Sgourakis G, Gockel I, Lyros O, Hansen T, Mildenberger P, Lang H. Detection of lymph node metastases in esophageal cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ter 2011;11:601-612.
5. Xu QR, Zhuge X P, Zhang HL, Ping YM, Chen LQ. Te N-classifcation for esophageal cancer staging: should it be based on number, distance, or extent of the lymph node metastasis? World J Surg 2011;35:1303-1310.
6. Hosch SB, Stoecklein NH, Pichlmeier U, et al. Esophageal cancer: the mode of lymphatic tumor cell spread and its prognostic signifcance. J Clin Oncol 2001;19:1970-1975.
7. Endo M, Yoshino K, Kawano T, Nagai K, Inoue H. Clinicopathologic analysis of lymph node metastasis in surgically resected superficial cancer of the thoracic esophagus. Dis Esophagus 2000;13:125-129.
8. Tachibana M, Kinugasa S, Yoshimura H, et al. Clinical outcomes of extended esophagectomy with three-feld lymph node dissection for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Am J Surg 2005;189:98-109.
9. Rice T W, Rusch V W, Ishwaran H, Blackstone EH; Worldwide Esopha-geal Cancer Collaboration. Cancer of the esophagus and esophagogas-tric junction: data-driven staging for the seventh edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer/International Union Against Cancer Cancer Staging Manuals. Cancer 2010;116:3763-3773.
10. Greene FL; American Joint Committee on Cancer; American Cancer Society. AJCC Cancer Staging Manual. 6th ed. New York: Springer Verlag; 2002.
11. Edge SB; American Joint Committee on Cancer. AJCC Cancer Staging Manual. 7th ed. New York: Springer; 2010. 103p.
12. Lieberman MD, Shriver CD, Bleckner S, Burt M. Carcinoma of the esophagus. Prognostic signifcance of histologic type. J Torac Cardio-vasc Surg 1995;109:130-138.
13. Akutsu Y, Matsubara H. The significance of lymph node status as a prognostic factor for esophageal cancer. Surg Today 2011;41:1190-1195.
14. O’Riordan JM, Rowley S, Murphy JO, Ravi N, Byrne PJ, Reynolds J V. Impact of solitary involved lymph node on outcome in localized cancer of the esophagus and esophagogastric junction. J Gastrointest Surg 2007;11:493-499.
15. Zhang HL, Chen LQ, Liu RL, et al. Te number of lymph node metas-tases infuences survival and International Union Against Cancer tumor-node-metastasis classifcation for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Dis Esophagus 2010;23:53-58.
16. Kayani B, Zacharakis E, Ahmed K, Hanna GB. Lymph node metasta-ses and prognosis in oesophageal carcinoma: a systematic review. Eur J Surg Oncol 2011;37:747-753.
17. Mariette C, Piessen G, Briez N, Triboulet J P. Te number of metastatic lymph nodes and the ratio between metastatic and examined lymph nodes are independent prognostic factors in esophageal cancer regardless of neoadjuvant chemoradiation or lymphadenectomy extent. Ann Surg 2008;247:365-371.
18. Leers JM, DeMeester SR, Oezcelik A, et al. Te prevalence of lymph node metastases in patients with T1 esophageal adenocarcinoma a retrospective review of esophagectomy specimens. Ann Surg 2011;253: 271-278.
19. Hu Y, Hu C, Zhang H, Ping Y, Chen LQ. How does the number of resected lymph nodes infuence TNM staging and prognosis for esopha-geal carcinoma? Ann Surg Oncol 2010;17:784-790.
20. Yang HX, Xu Y, Fu JH, Wang JY, Lin P, Rong TH. An evaluation of the number of lymph nodes examined and survival for node-negative esophageal carcinoma: data from China. Ann Surg Oncol 2010;17: 1901-1911.
21. Greenstein AJ, Litle VR, Swanson SJ, Divino CM, Packer S, Wisniv-esky JP. Efect of the number of lymph nodes sampled on postoperative survival of lymph node-negative esophageal cancer. Cancer 2008;112:1239-1246.
22. Bollschweiler E, Baldus SE, Schrder W, et al. High rate of lymph-node metastasis in submucosal esophageal squamous-cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas. Endoscopy 2006;38:149-156.
23. Buskens CJ, Ten Kate FJ, Obertop H, Izbicki JR, van Lanschot JJ. Analysis of micrometastatic disease in histologically negative lymph nodes of patients with adenocarcinoma of the distal esophagus or gastric car-dia. Dis Esophagus 2008;21:488-495.
24. Sun ZG, Wang Z. Clinical study on lymph node metastatic recurrence in patients with N0 esophageal squamous cell cancer. Dis Esophagus 2011;24:182-188.
25. McGuill MJ, Byrne P, Ravi N, Reynolds J. Te prognostic impact of occult lymph node metastasis in cancer of the esophagus or esophago-gastric junction: systematic review and meta-analysis. Dis Esophagus 2008;21:236-240.
26. Tachibana M, Kinugasa S, Hirahara N, Yoshimura H. Lymph node classifcation of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarci-noma. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2008;34:427-431.
27. Siewert JR, Stein HJ, Feith M, Bruecher BL, Bartels H, Fink U. Histo-logic tumor type is an independent prognostic parameter in esopha-geal cancer: lessons from more than 1,000 consecutive resections at a single center in the Western world. Ann Surg 2001;234:360-367.
28. Stein HJ, Feith M, Bruecher BL, Naehrig J, Sarbia M, Siewert JR. Early esophageal cancer: pattern of lymphatic spread and prognostic factors for long-term survival afer surgical resection. Ann Surg 2005;242:566-573.
29. Siewert JR, Ott K. Are squamous and adenocarcinomas of the esophagus the same disease? Semin Radiat Oncol 2007;17:38-44.
30. Shimada H, Nabeya Y, Matsubara H, et al. Prediction of lymph node status in patients with superficial esophageal carcinoma: analysis of 160 surgically resected cancers. Am J Surg 2006;191:250-254.
31. Stiles BM, Mirza F, Coppolino A, et al. Clinical T2-T3N0M0 esopha-geal cancer: the risk of node positive disease. Ann Torac Surg 2011; 92:491-496.
32. Rice T W, Zuccaro G Jr, Adelstein DJ, Rybicki LA, Blackstone EH, Goldblum JR. Esophageal carcinoma: depth of tumor invasion is predictive of regional lymph node status. Ann Torac Surg 1998;65:787-792.
33. Araki K, Ohno S, Egashira A, Saeki H, Kawaguchi H, Sugimachi K. Pathologic features of superfcial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with lymph node and distal metastasis. Cancer 2002;94:570-575.
34. Westerterp M, Koppert LB, Buskens CJ, et al. Outcome of surgical treatment for early adenocarcinoma of the esophagus or gastro-esoph-ageal junction. Virchows Arch 2005;446:497-504.
35. Moriya H, Ohbu M, Kobayashi N, et al. Lymphatic tumor emboli detected by D2-40 immunostaining can more accurately predict lymph-node metastasis. World J Surg 2011;35:2031-2037.
36. Sgourakis G, Gockel I, Lyros O, et al. Te use of neural networks in identifying risk factors for lymph node metastasis and recommending management of t1b esophageal cancer. Am Surg 2012;78:195-206.
37. Tanaka T, Ishiguro H, Kuwabara Y, et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) in esophageal cancer correlates with lymph node metastasis and poor patient prognosis. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2010;29:83.
38. Ono S, Fujishiro M, Koike K. Endoscopic submucosal dissection for superfcial esophageal neoplasms. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2012;4: 162-166.
39. Sgourakis G, Gockel I, Lang H. Endoscopic and surgical resection of T1a/T1b esophageal neoplasms: a systematic review. World J Gastro-enterol 2013;19:1424-1437.