Isotopic constraints on marine and terrestrial N 2 O emissions during the last deglaciation

Nature

Volumn 516, Issue 7530, 2014, Pages 234-237

  Schilt, Adrian ^a,b   Brook, Edward J ^a   Bauska, Thomas K ^a   Baggenstos, Daniel ^c   Fischer, Hubertus ^b   Joos, Fortunat ^b   Petrenko, Vasilii V ^d   Schaefer, Hinrich ^e   Schmitt, Jochen ^b   Severinghaus, Jeffrey P ^c   Spahni, Renato ^b   Stocker, Thomas F ^b  

^a OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BERN   (Switzerland)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER   (United States)

^e NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF WATER AND ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH   (New Zealand)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

NITROUS OXIDE; NITROGEN; OXYGEN; RAIN;

ANTHROPOGENIC EFFECT; CLIMATE VARIATION; GREENHOUSE GAS; ISOTOPIC ANALYSIS; LAST DEGLACIATION; MARINE ATMOSPHERE; NITROUS OXIDE; OZONE; PALEOCLIMATE; POLAR FRONT; TROPOSPHERE;

ARTICLE; CLIMATE CHANGE; DEGLACIATION; ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE; GLOBAL CHANGE; INTERGLACIAL; MARINE ENVIRONMENT; NITROGEN CYCLE; NITROUS OXIDE EMISSION; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; STRATOSPHERE; SURFACE PROPERTY; TROPOSPHERE; VEGETATION; WARMING; YOUNGER DRYAS; ANTARCTICA; AQUATIC SPECIES; ATMOSPHERE; CHEMISTRY; GREENHOUSE EFFECT; HISTORY; ICE COVER; METABOLISM; TEMPERATURE; TIME;

ANTARCTICA; EAST ANTARCTICA; TAYLOR GLACIER;

ANTARCTIC REGIONS; AQUATIC ORGANISMS; ATMOSPHERE; GLOBAL WARMING; HISTORY, ANCIENT; ICE COVER; NITROGEN ISOTOPES; NITROUS OXIDE; OXYGEN ISOTOPES; RAIN; TEMPERATURE; TIME FACTORS;

EID: 84911873448     PISSN: 00280836     EISSN: 14764687     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/nature13971     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. Stocker, T. F. et al. (eds) Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis (Cambridge Univ. Press, 2013).
2. Flückiger, J. et al. Variations in atmospheric N2O concentration during abrupt climatic changes. Science 285, 227-230 (1999).
3. Schilt, A. et al. The response of atmospheric nitrous oxide to climate variations during the last glacial period. Geophys. Res. Lett. 40, 1888-1893 (2013).
4. Sowers, T., Alley, R. B.&Jubenville, J. Ice core records of atmosphericN2Ocovering the last 106,000 years. Science 301, 945-948 (2003).
5. Schilt, A. et al. Atmospheric nitrous oxide during the last 140,000 years. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 300, 33-43 (2010).
6. Spahni, R. et al. Atmospheric methane and nitrous oxide of the late Pleistocene from Antarctic ice cores. Science 310, 1317-1321 (2005).
7. Schilt, A. et al. Glacial-interglacial and millennial-scale variations in the atmospheric nitrous oxide concentration during the last 800,000 years. Quat. Sci. Rev. 29, 182-192 (2010).
8. Flückiger, J. et al.N2OandCH4 variations during the last glacial epoch: insight into global processes. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 18, GB1020 (2004).
9. Ishijima, K. et al. Temporal variations of the atmospheric nitrous oxide concentration and its d15N and d18O for the latter half of the 20th century reconstructed from firn air analyses. J. Geophys. Res. 112, D03305 (2007).
10. Röckmann, T., Kaiser, J. & Brenninkmeijer, C. A. M. The isotopic fingerprint of the pre-industrial and the anthropogenicN2O source. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 3, 315-323 (2003).
11. Stocker, B. D. et al. Multiple greenhouse-gas feedbacks from the land biosphere under future climate change scenarios. Nature Clim. Change 3, 666-672 (2013).
12. Prather, M. J., Holmes, C. D. & Hsu, J. Reactive greenhouse gas scenarios: systematic exploration of uncertainties and the role of atmospheric chemistry. Geophys. Res. Lett. 39, L09803 (2012).
13. Crutzen, P. J. & Bruhl, C. A model study of atmospheric temperatures and the concentrations of ozone, hydroxyl, and some other photochemically active gases during the glacial, the preindustrial Holocene and the present. Geophys. Res. Lett. 20, 1047-1050 (1993).
14. Martinerie, P., Brasseur, G. P. & Granier, C. The chemical composition of ancient atmospheres: a model study constrained by ice core data. J. Geophys. Res. 100, 14291-14304 (1995).
15. Wais Divide Project Members. Onset of deglacial warming in West Antarctica driven by local orbital forcing. Nature 500, 440-444 (2013).
16. Indermü hle, A. et al. AtmosphericCO2 concentrationfrom60to20kyrBPfromthe Taylor Dome Ice Core, Antarctica. Geophys. Res. Lett. 27, 735-738 (2000).
17. Bernard, S. et al. Constraints on N2O budget changes since pre-industrial time from new firn air and ice core isotope measurements. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 6, 493-503 (2006).
18. Galbraith, E. D., Kienast, M. & The NICOPP working group members. The acceleration of oceanic denitrification during deglacial warming. Nature Geosci. 6, 579-584 (2013).
19. McLauchlan, K. K., Williams, J. J., Craine, J. M. & Jeffers, E. S. Changes in global nitrogen cycling during the Holocene epoch. Nature 495, 352-355 (2013).
20. Hirsch, A. I. et al. Inversemodeling estimates of the global nitrous oxide surface flux from 1998-2001. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 20, GB1008 (2006).
21. Goldstein, B., Joos, F. & Stocker, T. F. A modeling study of oceanic nitrous oxide during the Younger Dryas cold period. Geophys. Res. Lett. 30, 1092 (2003).
22. Schmittner, A. & Galbraith, E. D. Glacial greenhouse-gas fluctuations controlled by ocean circulation changes. Nature 456, 373-376 (2008).
23. Ritz, S. P. et al. Estimated strength of the Atlantic overturning circulation during the last deglaciation. Nature Geosci. 6, 208-212 (2013).
24. Jaccard, S. L. & Galbraith, E. D. Large climate-driven changes of oceanic oxygen concentrations during the last deglaciation. Nature Geosci. 5, 151-156 (2012).
25. Liu, Z. et al. Transient simulation of last deglaciation with a new mechanism for Bølling-Allerød warming. Science 325, 310-314 (2009).
26. Veres, D. et al. The Antarctic ice core chronology (AICC2012): an optimized multiparameter and multi-site dating approach for the last 120 thousand years. Clim. Past 9, 1733-1748 (2013).
27. NGRIP Members. High-resolution record of Northern Hemisphere climate extending into the last interglacial period. Nature 431, 147-151 (2004).
28. EPICA Community Members. One-to-one coupling of glacial climate variability in Greenland and Antarctica. Nature 444, 195-198 (2006).
29. Flückiger, J. et al. High-resolutionHoloceneN2Oice core recordandits relationship with CH4 and CO2. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 16, 1010 (2002).
30. Stenni, B. et al. Expression of the bipolar see-saw in Antarctic climate records during the last deglaciation. Nature Geosci. 4, 46-49 (2011).
31. Park, S. et al. Trends and seasonal cycles in the isotopic composition of nitrous oxide since 1940. Nature Geosci. 5, 261-265 (2012).
32. Schmitt, J., Seth, B., Bock, M.& Fischer, H. Online technique for isotope and mixing ratios of CH4, N2O, Xe and mixing ratios of organic trace gases on a single ice core sample. Atmos. Meas. Tech. 7, 2645-2665 (2014).
33. Sowers, T. N2O record spanning the penultimate deglaciation from the Vostok ice core. J. Geophys. Res. 106, 31903-31914 (2001).
34. Sapart, C. J. et al. Simultaneous stable isotope analysis of methane and nitrous oxide on ice core samples. Atmos. Meas. Tech. 4, 2607-2618 (2011).
35. Sperlich, P. et al. An automated GC-C-GC-IRMS setup to measure palaeoatmospheric d13C-CH4, d15N-N2O and d18O-N2O in one ice core sample. Atmos. Meas. Tech. 6, 2027-2041 (2013).
36. Bauska, T. K., Brook, E. J., Mix, A. C. & Ross, A. High-precision dual-inlet IRMS measurements of the stable isotopes of CO2 and theN2O/CO2 ratio frompolar ice core samples. Atmos. Meas. Tech. 7, 3825-3837 (2014).
37. Kaiser, J. Stable Isotope Investigations of Atmospheric Nitrous Oxide 17-21. PhD thesis, Johannes Gutenberg Univ. Mainz (2002).
38. Lisiecki, L. E. & Lisiecki, P. A. Application of dynamic programming to the correlation of paleoclimate records. Paleoceanography 17, 1049 (2002).
39. Buizert, C., Sowers, T.& Blunier, T. Assessment of diffusive isotopic fractionation in polar firn, and application to ice core trace gas records. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 361, 110-119 (2013).
40. Tans, P. P. A note on isotopic ratios and the global atmospheric methane budget. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 11, 77-81 (1997).
41. Sowers, T., Rodebaugh, A., Yoshida, N. & Toyoda, S. Extending records of the isotopic composition of atmospheric N2O back to 1800 AD from air trapped in snow at the South Pole and the Greenland Ice Sheet Project II ice core. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 16, 1129 (2002).
42. Roth, R. Modeling Forcings and Responses in the Global Carbon Cycle-Climate System: Past, Present and Future. PhD thesis, Univ. Bern (2013).
43. Spahni, R. et al. Transient simulations of the carbon and nitrogen dynamics in northern peatlands: fromthe Last GlacialMaximumto the 21st century. Clim. Past 9, 1287-1308 (2013).
44. Sitch, S. et al. Evaluation of ecosystem dynamics, plant geography and terrestrial carbon cycling in the LPJ dynamic global vegetation model. Glob. Change Biol. 9, 161-185 (2003).
45. Joos, F. et al. Transient simulations of Holocene atmospheric carbon dioxide and terrestrial carbon since the Last Glacial Maximum. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 18, GB2002 (2004).
46. Gerten, D. et al. Terrestrial vegetation and water balance-hydrological evaluation of a dynamic global vegetation model. J. Hydrol. (Amst.) 286, 249-270 (2004).
47. Wania, R., Ross, I. & Prentice, I. C. Integrating peatlands and permafrost into a dynamic global vegetation model: 1. Evaluation and sensitivity of physical land surface processes. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 23, GB3014 (2009).
48. Wania, R., Ross, I. & Prentice, I. C. Integrating peatlands and permafrost into a dynamic global vegetation model: 2. Evaluation and sensitivity of vegetation and carbon cycle processes. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 23, GB3015 (2009).
49. Xu R. I. & Prentice, I. C. Terrestrial nitrogen cycle simulation with a dynamic global vegetation model. Glob. Change Biol. 14, 1745-1764 (2008).
50. Xu R. I., Prentice I. C., Spahni, R. & Niu, H. S. Modelling terrestrial nitrous oxide emissions and implications for climate feedback. New Phytol. 196, 472-488 (2012).
51. Wania, R., Ross, I.&Prentice, I. C. Implementation and evaluation of a newmethane model within a dynamic global vegetation model: LPJ-WHyMe v1.3.1. Geosci. Model Dev. 3, 565-584 (2010).
52. Spahni, R. et al. Constraining global methane emissions and uptake by ecosystems. Biogeosciences 8, 1643-1665 (2011).
53. Zürcher, S. et al. Impact of an abrupt cooling event on interglacial methane emissions in northern peatlands. Biogeosciences 10, 1963-1981 (2013).
54. Pfeiffer, M., van Leeuwen, J., vanderKnaap, W. O.&Kaplan, J. O.Theeffect ofabrupt climatic warming on biogeochemical cycling and N2O emissions in a terrestrial ecosystem. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 391, 74-83 (2013).
55. He, F. Simulating Transient Climate Evolution of the Last Deglaciation with CCSM3. PhD thesis, Univ. Wisconsin-Madison (2011).
56. Mitchell, T. D. & Jones, P. D. An improved method of constructing a database of monthly climate observations and associated high-resolution grids. Int. J. Climatol. 25, 693-712 (2005).
57. Joos, F.&Spahni, R.Rates ofchange in naturaland anthropogenic radiative forcing over the past 20,000 years. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 105, 1425-1430 (2008).
58. Berger, A. L. Long-term variations of daily insolation and quaternary climatic changes. J. Atmos. Sci. 35, 2362-2367 (1978).
59. Peltier, W. R. Global glacial isostasy and the surface of the ice-age Earth: The ICE-5G (VM2) model and GRACE. Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 32, 111-149 (2004).
60. Kim, K.-R.&Craig, H.Two-isotope characterization ofN2O in the Pacific Ocean and constraints on its origin in deep water. Nature 347, 58-61 (1990).
61. Yoshinari, T. et al. Nitrogen and oxygen isotopic composition of N2O fromsuboxic waters of the eastern tropical North Pacific and the Arabian Sea-measurement by continuous-flow isotope-ratio monitoring. Mar. Chem. 56, 253-264 (1997).
62. Kim,K.-R.&Craig, H. Nitrogen-15andoxygen-18characteristics of nitrous oxide: a global perspective. Science 262, 1855-1857 (1993).
63. Pérez, T. et al. Isotopic variability of N2O emissions fromtropical forest soils. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 14, 525-535 (2000).
64. Rahn, T. & Wahlen, M. Stable isotope enrichment in stratospheric nitrous oxide. Science 278, 1776-1778 (1997).
65. Röckmann, T. et al. Isotopic enrichment of nitrous oxide (15N14NO, 14N15NO, 14N14N18O) in the stratosphere and in the laboratory. J. Geophys. Res. 106, 10403-10410 (2001).