메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 71, Issue 4, 2014, Pages 716-724.e1

Classifying distinct basal cell carcinoma subtype by means of dermatoscopy and reflectance confocal microscopy

Author keywords

Basal cell carcinoma; Dermatoscopy; Dermoscopy; Diagnosis; Infiltrative basal cell carcinoma; Nodular basal cell carcinoma; Reflectance confocal microscopy; Superficial basal cell carcinoma.

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; BASAL CELL CARCINOMA; CANCER CLASSIFICATION; CELL INFILTRATION; CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY; EPIDERMIS; EPILUMINESCENCE MICROSCOPY; EROSION; HISTOPATHOLOGY; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; HUMAN TISSUE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REFLECTANCE CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; SKIN CYST; SKIN ULCER; SUPERFICIAL CANCER; TELANGIECTASIA; AGED; CANCER STAGING; CLASSIFICATION; COHORT ANALYSIS; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CONFIDENCE INTERVAL; DIAGNOSIS; FEMALE; INFILTRATIVE BASAL CELL CARCINOMA; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; NODULAR BASAL CELL CARCINOMA; OBSERVER VARIATION; PATHOLOGY; RISK; SKIN TUMOR; STATISTICAL MODEL; SUPERFICIAL BASAL CELL CARCINOMA; TUMOR INVASION; ULTRASTRUCTURE;

EID: 84910156812     PISSN: 01909622     EISSN: 10976787     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2014.04.067     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (152)

References (44)
  • 1
    • 9144262975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Photodynamic therapy using topical methyl aminolevulinate vs surgery for nodular basal cell carcinoma. Results of a multicenter randomized prospective trial
    • Rhodes LE, de Rie M, Enstrom Y, Groves R, Morken T, Goulden V, et al. Photodynamic therapy using topical methyl aminolevulinate vs surgery for nodular basal cell carcinoma. Results of a multicenter randomized prospective trial. Arch Dermatol 2004;140:17-23.
    • (2004) Arch Dermatol , vol.140 , pp. 17-23
    • Rhodes, L.E.1    De Rie, M.2    Enstrom, Y.3    Groves, R.4    Morken, T.5    Goulden, V.6
  • 2
    • 2342473348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Imiquimod 5% cream for the treatment of superficial basal cell carcinoma: Results from two phase III, randomized, vehiclecontrolled studies
    • Geisse J, Caro I, Lindholm J, Golitz L, Stampone P, Owens M. Imiquimod 5% cream for the treatment of superficial basal cell carcinoma: results from two phase III, randomized, vehiclecontrolled studies. J Am Acad Dermatol 2004;50:722-33.
    • (2004) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.50 , pp. 722-733
    • Geisse, J.1    Caro, I.2    Lindholm, J.3    Golitz, L.4    Stampone, P.5    Owens, M.6
  • 3
    • 45749085217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for the management of basal cell carcinoma
    • Telfer NR, Colver GB, Morton CA. Guidelines for the management of basal cell carcinoma. Br J Dermatol 2008;159:35-48.
    • (2008) Br J Dermatol , vol.159 , pp. 35-48
    • Telfer, N.R.1    Colver, G.B.2    Morton, C.A.3
  • 4
    • 33845235986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines: The management of basal cell carcinoma
    • Sterry W. Guidelines: the management of basal cell carcinoma. Eur J Dermatol 2006;16:467-75.
    • (2006) Eur J Dermatol , vol.16 , pp. 467-475
    • Sterry, W.1
  • 5
    • 83655163878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accuracy of biopsy sampling for subtyping basal cell carcinoma
    • Haws AL, Rojano R, Tahan SR, Phung TL. Accuracy of biopsy sampling for subtyping basal cell carcinoma. J Am Acad Dermatol 2012;66:106-11.
    • (2012) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.66 , pp. 106-111
    • Haws, A.L.1    Rojano, R.2    Tahan, S.R.3    Phung, T.L.4
  • 7
    • 71949115204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dermatoscopy of basal cell carcinoma: Morphologic variability of global and local features and accuracy of diagnosis
    • Altamura D, Menzies SW, Argenziano G, Zalaudek I, Soyer HP, Sera F, et al. Dermatoscopy of basal cell carcinoma: morphologic variability of global and local features and accuracy of diagnosis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2010;62:67-75.
    • (2010) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.62 , pp. 67-75
    • Altamura, D.1    Menzies, S.W.2    Argenziano, G.3    Zalaudek, I.4    Soyer, H.P.5    Sera, F.6
  • 8
    • 47049085415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dermatoscopy aids in the diagnosis of the solitary red scaly patch or plaque-features distinguishing superficial basal cell carcinoma, intraepidermal carcinoma, and psoriasis
    • Pan Y, Chamberlain AJ, Bailey M, Chong AH, Haskett M, Kelly JW. Dermatoscopy aids in the diagnosis of the solitary red scaly patch or plaque-features distinguishing superficial basal cell carcinoma, intraepidermal carcinoma, and psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2008;59:268-74.
    • (2008) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.59 , pp. 268-274
    • Pan, Y.1    Chamberlain, A.J.2    Bailey, M.3    Chong, A.H.4    Haskett, M.5    Kelly, J.W.6
  • 10
    • 84858078738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dermoscopic features of basal cell carcinomas: Differences in appearance under non-polarized and polarized light
    • Liebman TN, Jaimes-Lopez N, Balagula Y, Rabinovitz HS, Wang SQ, Dusza SW, et al. Dermoscopic features of basal cell carcinomas: differences in appearance under non-polarized and polarized light. Dermatol Surg 2012;38:392-9.
    • (2012) Dermatol Surg , vol.38 , pp. 392-399
    • Liebman, T.N.1    Jaimes-Lopez, N.2    Balagula, Y.3    Rabinovitz, H.S.4    Wang, S.Q.5    Dusza, S.W.6
  • 11
    • 0002356857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tumors and cysts of the epidermis
    • In: Elder D, editor. . 8th ed. Philadelphia (PA): Lippincott-Raven
    • Kirkham N. Tumors and cysts of the epidermis. In: Elder D, editor. Lever's histopathology of the skin. 8th ed. Philadelphia (PA): Lippincott-Raven; 1997. pp. 719-31.
    • (1997) Lever's Histopathology of the Skin , pp. 719-731
    • Kirkham, N.1
  • 12
    • 0030770642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistical evaluation of epiluminescence microscopy criteria in the differential diagnosis of malignant melanoma and pigmented basal cell carcinoma
    • Puspok-Schwarz M, Steiner M, Binder M, Partsch B, Wolff K, Pehamberger H. Statistical evaluation of epiluminescence microscopy criteria in the differential diagnosis of malignant melanoma and pigmented basal cell carcinoma. Melanoma Res 1997;7:307-11.
    • (1997) Melanoma Res , vol.7 , pp. 307-311
    • Puspok-Schwarz, M.1    Steiner, M.2    Binder, M.3    Partsch, B.4    Wolff, K.5    Pehamberger, H.6
  • 13
    • 29744441746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dermoscopy of superficial basal cell carcinoma
    • Giacomel J, Zalaudek I. Dermoscopy of superficial basal cell carcinoma. Dermatol Surg 2005;31:1710-3.
    • (2005) Dermatol Surg , vol.31 , pp. 1710-1713
    • Giacomel, J.1    Zalaudek, I.2
  • 14
  • 15
    • 84861825406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dermoscopy of small basal cell carcinoma: Study of 100 lesions 5 mm or less in diameter
    • Sanchez-Martin J, Vazquez-Lopez F, Perez-Oliva N, Argenziano G. Dermoscopy of small basal cell carcinoma: study of 100 lesions 5 mm or less in diameter. Dermatol Surg 2012;38: 947-50.
    • (2012) Dermatol Surg , vol.38 , pp. 947-950
    • Sanchez-Martin, J.1    Vazquez-Lopez, F.2    Perez-Oliva, N.3    Argenziano, G.4
  • 17
    • 33747347235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of dermoscopic and histopathologic features and their correlations in pigmented basal cell carcinomas
    • Demirtasoglu M, Ilknur T, Lebe B, Kuşku E, Akarsu S, Ozkan S. Evaluation of dermoscopic and histopathologic features and their correlations in pigmented basal cell carcinomas. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2006;20:916-20.
    • (2006) J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol , vol.20 , pp. 916-920
    • Demirtasoglu, M.1    Ilknur, T.2    Lebe, B.3    Kuşku, E.4    Akarsu, S.5    Ozkan, S.6
  • 18
    • 78649738105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlation between the dermatoscopic and histopathological features of pigmented basal cell carcinoma
    • Tabanloglu Onan D, Sahin S, Gokoz O, Erkin G, Cakr B, Elçin G, et al. Correlation between the dermatoscopic and histopathological features of pigmented basal cell carcinoma. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2010;24:1317-25.
    • (2010) J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol , vol.24 , pp. 1317-1325
    • Tabanloglu Onan, D.1    Sahin, S.2    Gokoz, O.3    Erkin, G.4    Cakr, B.5    Elçin, G.6
  • 19
    • 84892679535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accuracy of dermoscopic criteria for discriminating superficial from other subtypes of basal cell carcinoma
    • Lallas A, Tzellos T, Kyrgidis A, Apalla Z, Zalaudek I, Karatolias A, et al. Accuracy of dermoscopic criteria for discriminating superficial from other subtypes of basal cell carcinoma. J Am Acad Dermatol 2014;70:303-11.
    • (2014) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.70 , pp. 303-311
    • Lallas, A.1    Tzellos, T.2    Kyrgidis, A.3    Apalla, Z.4    Zalaudek, I.5    Karatolias, A.6
  • 20
    • 84876850388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Update on non-melanoma skin cancer and the value of dermoscopy in its diagnosis and treatment monitoring
    • Lallas A, Argenziano G, Zendri E, Moscarella E, Longo C, Grenzi L, et al. Update on non-melanoma skin cancer and the value of dermoscopy in its diagnosis and treatment monitoring. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2013;13:541-58.
    • (2013) Expert Rev Anticancer Ther , vol.13 , pp. 541-558
    • Lallas, A.1    Argenziano, G.2    Zendri, E.3    Moscarella, E.4    Longo, C.5    Grenzi, L.6
  • 21
    • 77955866506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How to diagnose nonpigmented skin tumors: A review of vascular structures seen with dermoscopy: Part II. Nonmelanocytic skin tumors
    • Zalaudek I, Kreusch J, Giacomel J, Ferrara G, Catricala C, Argenziano G. How to diagnose nonpigmented skin tumors: a review of vascular structures seen with dermoscopy: part II. Nonmelanocytic skin tumors. J Am Acad Dermatol 2010;63: 377-86.
    • (2010) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.63 , pp. 377-386
    • Zalaudek, I.1    Kreusch, J.2    Giacomel, J.3    Ferrara, G.4    Catricala, C.5    Argenziano, G.6
  • 22
    • 84866782860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New directions in dermatopathology: In vivo confocal microscopy in clinical practice
    • Longo C, Zalaudek I, Argenziano G, Pellacani G. New directions in dermatopathology: in vivo confocal microscopy in clinical practice. Dermatol Clin 2012;30:799-814.
    • (2012) Dermatol Clin , vol.30 , pp. 799-814
    • Longo, C.1    Zalaudek, I.2    Argenziano, G.3    Pellacani, G.4
  • 23
    • 0036378959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigation of basal cell carcinoma [correction of carcionoma] by confocal laser scanning microscopy in vivo
    • Sauermann K, Gambichler T, Wilmert M, Rotterdam S, Stucker M, Altmeyer P, et al. Investigation of basal cell carcinoma [correction of carcionoma] by confocal laser scanning microscopy in vivo. Skin Res Technol 2002;8:141-7.
    • (2002) Skin Res Technol , vol.8 , pp. 141-147
    • Sauermann, K.1    Gambichler, T.2    Wilmert, M.3    Rotterdam, S.4    Stucker, M.5    Altmeyer, P.6
  • 24
    • 0036894082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Real-time, in vivo confocal reflectance microscopy of basal cell carcinoma
    • Gonzalez S, Tannous Z. Real-time, in vivo confocal reflectance microscopy of basal cell carcinoma. J Am Acad Dermatol 2002; 47:869-74.
    • (2002) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.47 , pp. 869-874
    • Gonzalez, S.1    Tannous, Z.2
  • 25
    • 9944249995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity and specificity of reflectance-mode confocal microscopy for in vivo diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma: A multicenter study
    • Nori S, Rius-Daz F, Cuevas J, Goldgeier M, Jaen P, Torres A, et al. Sensitivity and specificity of reflectance-mode confocal microscopy for in vivo diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma: a multicenter study. J Am Acad Dermatol 2004;51:923-30.
    • (2004) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.51 , pp. 923-930
    • Nori, S.1    Rius-Daz, F.2    Cuevas, J.3    Goldgeier, M.4    Jaen, P.5    Torres, A.6
  • 27
    • 34447538410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dendritic cells in pigmented basal cell carcinoma: A relevant finding by reflectance-mode confocal microscopy
    • Segura S, Puig S, Carrera C, Palou J, Malvehy J. Dendritic cells in pigmented basal cell carcinoma: a relevant finding by reflectance-mode confocal microscopy. Arch Dermatol 2007; 143:883-6.
    • (2007) Arch Dermatol , vol.143 , pp. 883-886
    • Segura, S.1    Puig, S.2    Carrera, C.3    Palou, J.4    Malvehy, J.5
  • 28
    • 58849143787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SkINsight lessons in reflectance confocal microscopy: Rapid diagnosis of pigmented basal cell carcinoma
    • Scope A, Mecca PS, Marghoob AA. skINsight lessons in reflectance confocal microscopy: rapid diagnosis of pigmented basal cell carcinoma. Arch Dermatol 2009;145:106-7.
    • (2009) Arch Dermatol , vol.145 , pp. 106-107
    • Scope, A.1    Mecca, P.S.2    Marghoob, A.A.3
  • 29
    • 67650145256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The significance of reflectance confocal microscopy in the assessment of solitary pink skin lesions
    • Braga JC, Scope A, Klaz I, Mecca P, Gonzalez S, Rabinovitz H, et al. The significance of reflectance confocal microscopy in the assessment of solitary pink skin lesions. J Am Acad Dermatol 2009;61:230-41.
    • (2009) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.61 , pp. 230-241
    • Braga, J.C.1    Scope, A.2    Klaz, I.3    Mecca, P.4    Gonzalez, S.5    Rabinovitz, H.6
  • 30
    • 67650163841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of a two-step method for the diagnosis of melanoma by reflectance confocal microscopy
    • Segura S, Puig S, Carrera C, Palou J, Malvehy J. Development of a two-step method for the diagnosis of melanoma by reflectance confocal microscopy. J Am Acad Dermatol 2009; 61:216-29.
    • (2009) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.61 , pp. 216-229
    • Segura, S.1    Puig, S.2    Carrera, C.3    Palou, J.4    Malvehy, J.5
  • 31
    • 78650656181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peritumoral clefting in basal cell carcinoma: Correlation of in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy and routine histology
    • Ulrich M, Roewert-Huber J, Gonzalez S, Rius-Diaz F, Stockfleth E, Kanitakis J. Peritumoral clefting in basal cell carcinoma: correlation of in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy and routine histology. J Cutan Pathol 2011;38:190-5.
    • (2011) J Cutan Pathol , vol.38 , pp. 190-195
    • Ulrich, M.1    Roewert-Huber, J.2    Gonzalez, S.3    Rius-Diaz, F.4    Stockfleth, E.5    Kanitakis, J.6
  • 32
    • 84857469023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pigmented nodular Basal cell carcinomas in differential diagnosis with nodular melanomas: Confocal microscopy as a reliable tool for in vivo histologic diagnosis
    • Casari A, Pellacani G, Seidenari S, Cesinaro AM, Beretti F, Pepe P, et al. Pigmented nodular Basal cell carcinomas in differential diagnosis with nodular melanomas: confocal microscopy as a reliable tool for in vivo histologic diagnosis. J Skin Cancer 2011;2011:406859.
    • (2011) J Skin Cancer , vol.2011 , pp. 406859
    • Casari, A.1    Pellacani, G.2    Seidenari, S.3    Cesinaro, A.M.4    Beretti, F.5    Pepe, P.6
  • 33
    • 79951928354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlation among dermoscopy, confocal reflectance microscopy, and histologic features of melanoma and basal cell carcinoma collision tumor
    • Salerni G, Lovatto L, Carrera C, Palou J, Alos L, Puig-Butille JA, et al. Correlation among dermoscopy, confocal reflectance microscopy, and histologic features of melanoma and basal cell carcinoma collision tumor. Dermatol Surg 2011;37:275-9.
    • (2011) Dermatol Surg , vol.37 , pp. 275-279
    • Salerni, G.1    Lovatto, L.2    Carrera, C.3    Palou, J.4    Alos, L.5    Puig-Butille, J.A.6
  • 34
    • 80051783315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness and limitations of reflectance confocal microscopy in detecting persistence of basal cell carcinomas: A preliminary study
    • Webber SA, Wurm EM, Douglas NC, Lambie D, Longo C, Pellacani G, et al. Effectiveness and limitations of reflectance confocal microscopy in detecting persistence of basal cell carcinomas: a preliminary study. Australas J Dermatol 2011;52: 179-85.
    • (2011) Australas J Dermatol , vol.52 , pp. 179-185
    • Webber, S.A.1    Wurm, E.M.2    Douglas, N.C.3    Lambie, D.4    Longo, C.5    Pellacani, G.6
  • 35
    • 84857448338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Confocal features of equivocal facial lesions on severely sun-damaged skin: Four case studies with dermatoscopic, confocal, and histopathologic correlation
    • Wurm EM, Curchin CE, Lambie D, Longo C, Pellacani G, Soyer HP. Confocal features of equivocal facial lesions on severely sun-damaged skin: four case studies with dermatoscopic, confocal, and histopathologic correlation. J Am Acad Dermatol 2012;66:463-73.
    • (2012) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.66 , pp. 463-473
    • Wurm, E.M.1    Curchin, C.E.2    Lambie, D.3    Longo, C.4    Pellacani, G.5    Soyer, H.P.6
  • 36
    • 84866374621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo confocal microscopy for diagnosis of melanoma and basal cell carcinoma using a two-step method: Analysis of 710 consecutive clinically equivocal cases
    • Guitera P, Menzies SW, Longo C, Cesinaro AM, Scolyer RA, Pellacani G. In vivo confocal microscopy for diagnosis of melanoma and basal cell carcinoma using a two-step method: analysis of 710 consecutive clinically equivocal cases. J Invest Dermatol 2012;132:2386-94.
    • (2012) J Invest Dermatol , vol.132 , pp. 2386-2394
    • Guitera, P.1    Menzies, S.W.2    Longo, C.3    Cesinaro, A.M.4    Scolyer, R.A.5    Pellacani, G.6
  • 37
    • 84872876285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reflectance confocal microscopy allows in vivo real-time noninvasive assessment of the outcome of methyl aminolaevulinate photodynamic therapy of basal cell carcinoma
    • Venturini M, Sala R, Gonzalez S, Calzavara-Pinton PG. Reflectance confocal microscopy allows in vivo real-time noninvasive assessment of the outcome of methyl aminolaevulinate photodynamic therapy of basal cell carcinoma. Br J Dermatol 2013;168:99-105.
    • (2013) Br J Dermatol , vol.168 , pp. 99-105
    • Venturini, M.1    Sala, R.2    Gonzalez, S.3    Calzavara-Pinton, P.G.4
  • 38
    • 84870492330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo reflectance confocal microscopy of basal cell carcinoma: Feasibility of preoperative mapping of cancer margins
    • Pan ZY, Lin JR, Cheng TT, Wu JQ, Wu WY. In vivo reflectance confocal microscopy of basal cell carcinoma: feasibility of preoperative mapping of cancer margins. Dermatol Surg 2012; 38:1945-50.
    • (2012) Dermatol Surg , vol.38 , pp. 1945-1950
    • Pan, Z.Y.1    Lin, J.R.2    Cheng, T.T.3    Wu, J.Q.4    Wu, W.Y.5
  • 39
    • 84873088494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Confocal microscopy insights into the treatment and cellular immune response of basal cell carcinoma to photodynamic therapy
    • Longo C, Casari A, Pepe P, Moscarella E, Zalaudek I, Argenziano G, et al. Confocal microscopy insights into the treatment and cellular immune response of basal cell carcinoma to photodynamic therapy. Dermatology 2012;225: 264-70.
    • (2012) Dermatology , vol.225 , pp. 264-270
    • Longo, C.1    Casari, A.2    Pepe, P.3    Moscarella, E.4    Zalaudek, I.5    Argenziano, G.6
  • 40
    • 84885589002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spoke wheel-like structures in superficial basal cell carcinoma: A correlation between dermoscopy, histopathology, and reflective confocal microscopy
    • Stephens A, Fraga-Braghiroli N, Oliviero M, Rabinovitz H, Scope A. Spoke wheel-like structures in superficial basal cell carcinoma: a correlation between dermoscopy, histopathology, and reflective confocal microscopy. J Am Acad Dermatol 2013;69:e219-21.
    • (2013) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.69 , pp. e219-e221
    • Stephens, A.1    Fraga-Braghiroli, N.2    Oliviero, M.3    Rabinovitz, H.4    Scope, A.5
  • 42
    • 0031777335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why classify basal cell carcinomas
    • Rippey JJ. Why classify basal cell carcinomas? Histopathology 1998;32:393-8.
    • (1998) Histopathology , vol.32 , pp. 393-398
    • Rippey, J.J.1
  • 44
    • 84879929973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is confocal microscopy a valuable tool in diagnosing nodular lesions? A study of 140 cases
    • Longo C, Farnetani F, Ciardo S, Cesinaro AM, Moscarella E, Ponti G, et al. Is confocal microscopy a valuable tool in diagnosing nodular lesions? A study of 140 cases. Br J Dermatol 2013;169:58-67.
    • (2013) Br J Dermatol , vol.169 , pp. 58-67
    • Longo, C.1    Farnetani, F.2    Ciardo, S.3    Cesinaro, A.M.4    Moscarella, E.5    Ponti, G.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.