From technocrat to democrat

Harvard Law Review

Volumn 128, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 488-497

  Sunstein, Cass R ^a  

^a HARVARD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

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EID: 84909972214     PISSN: 0017811X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (41)

1. This view permeates Administrative Law and Regulatory Policy. Stephen G. Breyer & Richard B. Stewart, Administrative Law and Regulatory Policy (1st ed. 1979).
2. See, e.g., Stephen Breyer, Comment, Vermont Yankee and the Courts' Role in the Nuclear Energy Controversy, 91 Harv. L. Rev. 1833 (1978).
3. Some of these issues are addressed in Cass R. Sunstein, Commentary, The Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs: Myths and Realities, 126 Harv. L. Rev. 1838 (2013).
4. Justice Breyer's book Active Liberty offers a host of reasons, as well as a distinctive understanding of democratic ideals, but I believe that the epistemic strand in his work deserves particular emphasis. Stephen Breyer, Active Liberty (2005).
5. See, e.g., NLRB v. Noel Canning, 134 S. Ct. 2550, 2579-91 (2014).
6. Brown v. Entm't Merchs. Ass'n, 131 S. Ct. 2729, 2771-79 (2011) (Breyer, J., dissenting).
7. Eldred v. Ashcroft, 537 U.S. 186, 267-69 (2003) (Breyer, J., dissenting).
8. Rubin v. United States, 525 U.S. 990, 996 (1998) (Breyer, J., dissenting from denial of certiorari).
9. United States v. Lopez, 514 U.S. 549, 631-44 (1995) (Breyer, J., dissenting).
10. The best account is Adrian Vermeule's Judging Under Uncertainty. Adrian Vermeule, Judging Under Uncertainty (2006).
11. Letter from Oliver Wendell Holmes to Harold J. Laski (Mar. 4, 1920), in 1 Holmes-Laski Letters 248, 249 (Mark DeWolfe Howe ed., 1953).
12. See, e.g., Stephen Breyer, Comment, Vermont Yankee and the Courts' Role in the Nuclear Energy Controversy, 91 Harv. L. Rev. 1833 (1978).
13. See, e.g., Clark Byse, Vermont Yankee and the Evolution of Administrative Procedure: A Somewhat Different View, 91 Harv. L. Rev. 1823 (1978).
14. Richard B. Stewart, Vermont Yankee and the Evolution of Administrative Procedure, 91 Harv. L. Rev. 1805 (1978).
15. See, e.g., Stephen Breyer, Comment, Vermont Yankee and the Courts' Role in the Nuclear Energy Controversy, 91 Harv. L. Rev. 1833 (1978).
16. For a contemporary argument to the same general effect, see Cass R. Sunstein & Adrian Vermeule, Libertarian Administrative Law, 82 U. Chi. L. Rev. (forthcoming 2015).
17. See, e.g., Stephen Breyer, Comment, Vermont Yankee and the Courts' Role in the Nuclear Energy Controversy, 91 Harv. L. Rev. 1833 (1978).
18. For a general discussion, see Cass R. Sunstein, Health-Health Tradeoffs, 63 U. Chi. L. Rev. 1533 (1996).
19. See, e.g., Stephen Breyer, Comment, Vermont Yankee and the Courts' Role in the Nuclear Energy Controversy, 91 Harv. L. Rev. 1833 (1978).
20. A classic treatment is The Struggle for Auto Safety. Jerry L. Mashaw & David L. Harfst, The Struggle for Auto Safety (1990).
21. See, e.g., Stephen Breyer, Comment, Vermont Yankee and the Courts' Role in the Nuclear Energy Controversy, 91 Harv. L. Rev. 1845 (1978).
22. Stephen Breyer, Regulation and Its Reform (1982).
23. Stephen Breyer, Breaking the Vicious Circle (1993).
24. See, e.g., Brown v. Entm't Merchs. Ass'n, 131 S. Ct. 2729, 2761 (2011) (Breyer, J., dissenting).
25. United States v. Morrison, 529 U.S. 598, 655 (2000) (Breyer, J., dissenting).
26. United States v. Lopez, 514 U.S. 549, 615 (1995) (Breyer, J., dissenting).
27. NLRB v. Canning, 134 S. Ct. 2550, 2559-60 (2014).
28. Chevron U.S.A. Inc. v. Natural Res. Def. Council, Inc., 467 U.S. 837 (1984).
29. Stephen Breyer, Judicial Review of Questions of Law and Policy, 38 Admin. L. Rev. 363 (1986).
30. Barnhart v. Walton, 535 U.S. 212 (2002)
31. City of Arlington v. FCC, 133 S. Ct. 1863, 1875 (2013) (Breyer, J., concurring in part and concurring in the judgment).
32. Stephen Breyer, Judicial Review of Questions of Law and Policy, 38 Admin. L. Rev. 363 (1986).
33. Cass R. Sunstein, Chevron Step Zero, 92 Va. L. Rev. 187, 247-49 (2006).
34. Thomas J. Miles & Cass R. Sunstein, Do Judges Make Regulatory Policy? An Empirical Investigation of Chevron, 73 U. Chi. L. Rev. 823, 825-26 (2006). This data set includes all relevant decisions from 1989 through 1995. To be sure, it would be most valuable to examine the evidence to the present day.
35. Brown v. Entm't Merchs. Ass'n, 131 S. Ct. 2729, 2771 (2011) (Breyer, J., dissenting).
36. 514 U.S. 549 (1995).
37. 522 U.S. 359 (1998).
38. 529 U.S. 120 (2000).
39. Eldred v. Ashcroft, 537 U.S. 186, 242 (2003) (Breyer, J., dissenting).
40. 556 U.S. 502 (2009).
41. Jody Freeman & Adrian Vermeule, Massachusetts v EPA: From Politics to Expertise, 2007 Sup. Ct. Rev. 51.