From face-to-face to face-to-screen: Remote management, effectiveness and accountability of humanitarian action in insecure environments

International Review of the Red Cross

Volumn 95, Issue 890, 2013, Pages 383-413

  Donini, Antonio ^a   Maxwell, Daniel ^a  

^a TUFTS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

accountability; Afghanistan; conflict; effectiveness; humanitarian action; remote management; Somalia

Indexed keywords

EID: 84909965470     PISSN: 18163831     EISSN: 16075889     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S1816383114000265     Document Type: Review

References (43)

1. Abby Stoddard, Adele Harmer and Jean S. Renouf, Once Removed: Lessons and Challenges in Remote Management of Humanitarian Operations for Insecure Areas, Humanitarian Outcomes, New York, 2010.
2. Mark Duffield, 'Challenging Environments: Danger, Resilience and the Aid Industry', in Security Dialogue, Vol. 43, No. 5, 2012, pp. 475-492.
3. Jan Egeland, Adele Harmer and Abby Stoddard, To Stay and Deliver: Good Practice for Humanitarians in Complex Security Environments, UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, New York, 2011, p. 15.
4. Kristin Bergtora Sandvik and Kjersti Lohne, 'The Promise and Perils of "Disaster Drones"', in Humanitarian Exchange Magazine, No. 58, July 2013, available at: www.odihpn.org/humanitarianexchange-magazine/issue-58/the-promise-and-perils-of-disaster-drones. All internet references were accessed in May 2014.
5. Abby Stoddard, Adele Harmer and Katherine Haver, Providing Aid in Insecure Environments: Trends in Policy and Operations, Humanitarian Policy Group (HPG) Report No. 23, Overseas Development Institute, London, 2006.
6. Greg Hansen, 'Operational Modalities in Iraq', Briefing Paper No. 2, NGO Coordinating Committee in Iraq, Baghdad, 2008.
7. See Antonio Donini et al., Humanitarian Agenda 2015: Final Report: The State of the Humanitarian Enterprise, Feinstein International Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 2008, available at: www.alnap. org/resource/8761;
8. Vicky Tennant, Bernie Doyle and Raouf Mazou, Safeguarding Humanitarian Space: A Review of Key Challenges for UNHCR, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Policy Development and Evaluation Service, Geneva, 2010;
9. Sara Pantuliano et al., Counter-terrorism and Humanitarian Action: Tensions, Impact and Ways Forward, HPG Policy Brief No. 43, Overseas Development Institute, London, 2011;
10. Bryony Norman, Monitoring and Accountability Practices for Remotely Managed Projects Implemented in Volatile Operating Environments, Humanitarian Innovation Fund, Tearfund, London, 2012;
11. Sarah Collinson and Samir Elhawary, Humanitarian Space: A Review of Trends and Issues, HPG Report No. 32, Overseas Development Institute, London, 2012.
12. Antonio Donini, Afghanistan: Humanitarianism Unraveled?, Feinstein International Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 2010;
13. Prisca Benelli, Antonio Donini and Norah Niland, Afghanistan: Humanitarianism in Uncertain Times, Feinstein International Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 2012;
14. Samuel Hall, Redefining Humanitarian Assistance in Afghanistan: A Contextual Analysis, Samuel Hall Consulting, Kabul, 2012.
15. Mark Bradbury, State-building, Counterterrorism, and Licensing Humanitarianism in Somalia, Feinstein International Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 2010;
16. US Supreme Court, Holder v. Humanitarian Law Project, 130 S. Ct. 2705, 2010.
17. Naz K. Modirzadeh, Dustin A. Lewis and Claude Bruderlein, 'Humanitarian Engagement under Counterterrorism: A Conflict of Norms and the Emerging Policy Landscape', in International Review of the Red Cross, Vol. 93, No. 883, 2011, pp. 623-647.
18. Humanitarian Practice Network, Good Practice Review: Operational Security Management in Violent Environments, No. 8 (New Edition), Overseas Development Institute, London, December 2010, p. 60, available at: www.odihpn.org/hpn-resources/good-practice-reviews/operational-security-management-inviolent-environments-revised-edition; M. Bradbury, above note 16;
19. Joel Alas, 'Five Years After Slayings: Doctors without Borders Returns to Afghanistan', in Spiegel Online, 12 October 2009, available at: www.spiegel.de/international/world/five-years-afterslayings-doctors-without-borders-returns-to-afghanistan-a-654702.html;
20. Baba Umar, 'Even the Taliban Respects Us for Our Work in Afghanistan', in Tehelka.com, 24 May 2013, available at: www.tehelka.com/even-the-taliban-respects-us-for-our-work-in-afghanistan/.
21. Antonio Donini, Afghanistan: Humanitarianism Unraveled?, Feinstein International Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 2010;
22. Fiona Terry, 'The International Committee of the Red Cross in Afghanistan: Reasserting the Neutrality of Humanitarian Action', in International Review of the Red Cross, Vol. 93, No. 881, 2011, pp. 173-188.
23. Nigel Pont, 'Southern Afghanistan: Acceptance Still Works', in Humanitarian Exchange Magazine, No. 49, February 2011, available at: www.odihpn.org/humanitarian-exchange-magazine/issue-49/southernafghanistan-acceptance-still-works.
24. ICRC, 'Insufficient Access to Health Care Exacerbates Humanitarian Crisis', press release, 25 July 2012.
25. Laura Hammond and Hannah Vaughan-Lee, Humanitarian Space in Somalia: A Scarce Commodity, HPG Working Paper, Overseas Development Institute, London, April 2012.
26. Abby Stoddard, Adele Harmer and Victoria DiDomenico, Providing Aid in Insecure Environments: 2009 Update. Trends in Violence Against Aid Workers and the Operational Response, HPG Policy Brief No. 34, Overseas Development Institute, London, April 2009;
27. See 'Somalia Islamists Lift Ban on Aid to Drought Victims', in BBC News Africa, 6 July 2011, available at: www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-14046267.
28. WFP Executive Director Josette Sheeran on Visit to Mogadishu, 21 July 2011, available at: www.wfp.org/news/news-release/statement-wfp-executive-director-josette-sheeran-visit-mogadishu-somalia.
29. Maintain Aid Ban and Deny Famine', in BBC News Africa, 22 July 2011, available at: www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-14246764.
30. ICRC, 'ICRC Temporarily Suspends Distributions of Food and Seed', press release, 12 January 2012;
31. ICRC, 'ICRC Remains Fully Committed to Helping Somalis', press release, 2 February 2012.
32. Catherine Longley, Mike Brewin and Sophia Dunn, CVMG, Final Monitoring Report of the Somalia Cash and Voucher Transfer Programme Phase 1: September 2011-March 2012, Overseas Development Institute, London, 2012;
33. Kerren Hedlund, Nisar Majid, Dan Maxwell and Nigel Nicholson, Final Evaluation of the Unconditional Cash and Voucher Response to the 2011-12 Crisis in Southern and Central Somalia, Humanitarian Outcomes, London, 2013.
34. MSF, 'MSF Forced to Close All Medical Programmes in Somalia', press release, 14 August 2013.
35. Julia Steets, Urban Reichhold and Elias Sagmeister, Evaluation and Review of Humanitarian Access Strategies in DG-ECHO Funded Interventions, Global Public Policy Institute, Berlin, 2012.
36. See ISAF, Provincial Reconstruction Team (PRT) Handbook, 4th ed., March 2009, available at: https://publicintelligence.net/isaf-provincial-reconstruction-team-prt-handbook/.
37. Sarah Collinson, Mark Duffield et al., Paradoxes of Presence: Risk Management and Aid Culture in Challenging Environments, HPG, Overseas Development Institute, London, March 2013.
38. Mark Schuller, 'Haiti's Bitter Harvest: The NGOization of Humanitarian Aid', in A. Donini (ed.), The Golden Fleece: Manipulation and Independence in Humanitarian Action, pp. 179-193, Kumarian Press, Sterling, VA, 2012.
39. OCHA, Humanitarianism in the Network Age, United Nations, New York, 2013.
40. Patrick Meier, 'New Information Technologies and Their Impact on the Humanitarian Sector', in International Review of the Red Cross, Vol. 93, No. 884, December 2011, pp. 1239-1263.
41. Save the Children's radio and SMS initiative; CARE International partnering with telecom providers on the 'Digital Early Warning Systems' project (summary available at: www. humanitarianinnovation.org/projects/large-grants/care-international);
42. The 'Random Hacks of Kindness' joint initiative between Microsoft, Google, Yahoo, Hewlett-Packard, NASA and the World Bank (available at: www.rhok.org);
43. Gaelle Sundelin, 'Iris-Scanning Technology Streamlines Refugee Registration Process-UNHCR', in The Jordan Times, 21 July 2013, available at: http://jordantimes.com/irisscanning-technology-streamlines-refugee-registration-process-unhcr.