New information technologies and their impact on the humanitarian sector

International Review of the Red Cross

Volumn 93, Issue 884, 2011, Pages 1239-1263

  Meier, Patrick ^a  

^a Harvard Humanitarian Initiative ^*  (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84866404219     PISSN: 18163831     EISSN: 16075889     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S1816383112000318     Document Type: Review

References (50)

1. Steven Livingston, 'Africa's evolving infosystems: a pathway to security and stability', research paper from the African Center for Strategic Studies, National Defense University Press, Washington DC, March 2011, available at: http://africacenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/ARP2-02072011.pdf (last visited December 2011).
2. Computer Information System Company (CISCO), 'CISCO visual networking index: global mobile data traffic forecast update, 2011-2016', available at: http://www.cisco.com/en/US/solutions/collateral/ns341/ns525/ns537/ns705/ns827/ white-paper-c11-520862.html?utm-&&& (last visited December 2011).
3. 'Social Media 101', 9 December 2011, available at: http://www.cmlor.com/ blog/social-media-101 (last visited December 2011).
4. Digital volunteers who are engaged in Volunteer and Technical Communities are playing an increasingly important role in humanitarian response, as noted in the Disaster 2.0 Report: The Future of Information Sharing in Humanitarian Emergencies published by the UN Foundation/OCHA/Vodafone Foundation/HPCR, available at: http://www.unfoundation.org/what-we-do/legacy-of-impact/ technology/disaster-report.html (last visited December 2011).
5. Andrew Turner, Introduction to Neogeography, O'Reilly Media, 2006, available at: http://pcmlp.socleg.ox. ac.uk/sites/pcmlp.socleg.ox.ac.uk/files/ Introduction-to-Neogeography.pdf (last visited December 2011).
6. http://hhi.harvard.edu/programs-and-research/crisis-mapping-and-early- warning (last visited December 2011).
7. 'Crisis mappers: the humanitarian technology network', available at: http://www.CrisisMappers.net (last visited December 2011).
8. Ushahidi's website: http://www.Ushahidi.com (last visited December 2011). Ushahidi means 'witness' or 'testimony' in Swahili.
9. International Federation of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, 2005 World Disasters Report: Focus on Information in Disasters, 1 October 2005, available at: http://www.ifrc.org/Global/Publications/disasters/WDR/69001- WDR2005-english-LR.pdf (last visited December 2011).
10. Message from the Ushahidi Haiti dataset, available (password protected) at: http://haiti.ushahidi.com (last visited December 2011).
11. Ushahidi Blog Post, 'Taking stock of how we're doing', available at: http://blog.ushahidi.com/index.php/2010/02/06/ushahidi-how-we-are-doing (last visited December 2011).
12. Ushahidi blog post, 'Crowdsourcing the response', available at: http://blog.ushahidi.com/index.php/2010/01/20/crowdsourcing-the-response/(last visited December 2011).
13. UN Foundation/OCHA/Vodafone Foundation/HPCR, above note 7.
14. Patrick Meier, 'Haiti and the power of crowdsourcing', 26 January 2010, available at: http://irevolution. net/2010/01/26/haiti-power-of-crowdsourcing (last visited December 2011).
15. OpenStreetMap's website at: http://www.openstreetmap.org; also Andrew Turner, 'OpenStreetMap Haiti', 29 January 2010, available at: http://opensource.com/osm (both last visited December 2011).
16. 'OpenStreetMap in the first month after the Haiti quake', available at: http://www.maploser.com/2010/09/06/openstreetmap-in-the-first-month-after-the- haiti-quake (last visited December 2011).
17. Crisismappers' website at: http://crisismappers.net/page/iccm-2010-haiti- and-beyond (last visited December 2011).
18. Standby Task Force, 'On standby doesn't mean always-on: an update on the SBTF', 27 March 2012, available at: http://blog.standbytaskforce.com (last visited December 2011).
19. Standby Task Force, 'Our model', available at: http://blog. standbytaskforce.com/our-model/(last visited December 2011).
20. Standby Task Force, 'What we do', available at: http://blog. standbytaskforce.com/about/what-we-do (last visited December 2011).
21. Standby Task Force, 'Deployments', available at: http://blog. standbytaskforce.com/deployments (last visited March 2012).
22. 'Al Jazeera's crisis map of the snowstorm emergency in the Balkans', 22 February 2012, available at: http://blog.standbytaskforce.com/al-jazeeras- crisis-map-of-the-snowstorm-emergency-in-the-balkans (last visited December 2011).
23. See, for instance, the 'Somalia Speaks' project developed by Ushahidi in collaboration with Al Jazeera, Souktel, Crowdflower, and the African Diaspora Institute to aggregate and map out voices and stories from inside the country, available at: http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/spotlight/somaliaconflict/ somaliaspeaks.html (last visited December 2011).
24. Map available at: http://russian-fires.ru (last visited December 2011).
25. Gregory Asmolov, cited in Patrick Meier, 'Information and communication technology in areas of limited statehood: a new form of governance?', 3 April 2011, available at: http://irevolution.net/2011/04/03/icts-limited-statehood (last visited December 2011).
26. Georgy Bovt, 'Putin's vertical power disaster', in Moscow Times, 13 August 2010, available at: http://www.themoscowtimes.com/opinion/article/putins- vertical-power-disaster/412296.html (behind paywall) (last visited December 2011).
27. survey 'Which source of information about fires in central Russia do you trust most?' (ICRC translation), 2-4 August 2010, available in Russian at: http://www.vedomosti.ru/poll/opinions/48/748 (last visited December 2011).
28. 'Libya Crisis Map deployment 2011 report', 1 September 2011, available at: http://blog. standbytaskforce.com/libya-crisis-map-report (last visited December 2011).
29. Andrej Verity, 'The (unexpected) impact of the Libya Crisis Map and the Standby Volunteer Task Force', 19 December 2011, available at: http://blog.standbytaskforce.com/sbtf-libya-impact (last visited December 2011).
30. Josette Sheeran, 'Excellent Libya Crisis Map can help UN, WFP plan humanitarian food, also 4 borders w/Tunisia, Egypt', Twitter message, 6 March 2011, available at: http://twitter.com/#!/JosetteSheeran/statuses/ 44358346014334976 (last visited December 2011).
31. CrowdGlobe survey conducted by author in December 2011.
32. Comment made at a World Vision-sponsored workshop in Geneva, in November 2011.
33. Patrick Meier, 'Crowdsourcing the analysis of satellite imagery for disaster response', 6 October 2010, available at: http://irevolution.net/2010/ 10/06/crowdsourcing-satellite-imagery (last visited December 2011).
34. 'Crowdsourcing satellite imagery analysis for Somalia: results of trial run', 31 August 2011, available at: http://blog.standbytaskforce.com/somalia- imagery-analysis (last visited December 2011).
35. 'Crowdsourcing satellite imagery analysis for UNHCR-Somalia: latest results', 10 November 2011, available at: http://blog.standbytaskforce.com/ unhcr-somalia-latest-results;
36. 'Beyond brute force: unexpected lessons from crowdsourcing satellite imagery analysis for UNHCR in Somalia', 22 November 2011, available at: http://blog.standbytaskforce.com/unhcr-somalia-lessons (both last visited December 2011).
37. 'Thank You video from UNHCR's Deputy High Commissioner', 15 November 2011, available at: http://blog.standbytaskforce.com/thank-you-video-from- unhcrs-deputy-high-commissioner (last visited December 2011).
38. Patrick Meier, 'Information forensics: five case studies on how to verify crowdsourced information from social media', 29 November 2011, available at: http://irevolution.net/2011/11/29/information-forensics-five-case-studies (last visited December 2011).
39. Patrick Meier, 'Why bounded crowdsourcing is important for crisis mapping and beyond', 7 December 2011, available at: http://irevolution.net/2011/12/07/ why-bounded-crowdsourcing (last visited December 2011).
40. Patrick Meier, 'How to use technology to counter rumors during crises: anecdotes from Kyrgyzstan', 26 March 2011, available at: http://irevolution.net/ 2011/03/26/technology-to-counter-rumors (last visited December 2011).
41. Peter van der Windt, 'Voix des Kivus: a crowd-seeding system in DRC', 16 May 2011, available at: http://blog.ushahidi.com/index.php/2011/05/16/voix-des- kivus-a-crowd-seeding-system-in-drc (last visited December 2011).
42. Patrick Meier, 'Calling 911: what humanitarians can learn from 50 years of crowdsourcing', 22 September 2010, available at: http://irevolution.net/2010/ 09/22/911-system (last visited December 2011).
43. American Red Cross, 'More Americans using social media and technology in emergencies', available at: http://www.redcross.org/portal/site/en/menuitem. 94aae335470e233f6cf911df43181aa0/?vgnextoid= 7a82d1efe68f1310VgnVCM10000089f0870aRCRD (last visited December 2011).
44. Claude Gilbert, 'Studying disaster: changes in the main conceptual tools', in E. L. Quarantelli (ed.), What is a Disaster? Perspectives on the Question, Routledge, London and New York, 1998, pp. 11-18.
45. Dorothea Hilhorst, 'Complexity and diversity: unlocking social domains of disaster response', in Greg Bankoff Georg Frerks, and Dorothea Hilhorst (eds), Mapping Vulnerability: Disasters, Development and People, Earthscan, London, 2004, pp. 52-66.
46. Patrick Meier, 'How to crowdsource crisis response', 14 September 2011, available at: http://irevolution.net/2011/09/14/crowdsource-crisis-response (last visited December 2011).
47. Meg Garlinghouse, 'The future of service is data', available at: http://www.fastcoexist.com/1679444/the-future-of-service-is-data (last visited March 2012).
48. The company's website is available at: http://www.sparked.com/(last visited December 2011).
49. 'New app helps Queensland coordinate volunteers', 2 March 2012, available at: http://www. homelandsecuritynewswire.com/dr20120302-new-app-helps- queensland-coordinate-volunteers (last visited December 2011).
50. American Red Cross, 'The American Red Cross and Dell launch first-of-its-kind social media digital operations center for humanitarian relief', available at: http://www.redcross.org/portal/site/en/menuitem. 94aae335470e233f6cf911df43181aa0/?vgnextoid= 1cc17852264e5310VgnVCM10000089f0870aRCRD (last visited December 2011).