The clinical utility of cervical range of motion in diagnosis, prognosis, and evaluating the effects of manipulation: A systematic review

Physiotherapy (United Kingdom)

Volumn 100, Issue 4, 2014, Pages 290-304

  Snodgrass, Suzanne J ^a   Cleland, Joshua A ^b   Haskins, Robin ^a   Rivett, Darren A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEWCASTLE   (Australia)

^b FRANKLIN PIERCE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Cervical vertebrae; Manipulation (spinal); Measurement; Physical therapy techniques

Indexed keywords

CERVICAL SPINE; CERVICAL SPINE INJURY; CERVICOBRACHIAL NEURALGIA; CHRONIC TENSION HEADACHE; DIAGNOSTIC VALUE; GONIOMETER; HUMAN; INCLINOMETER; MANIPULATIVE MEDICINE; NECK PAIN; ORTHOPEDIC DIAGNOSTIC DEVICE; PROGNOSIS; RANGE OF MOTION; REVIEW; SECONDARY HEADACHE; SHOULDER PAIN; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; FEMALE; JOINT CHARACTERISTICS AND FUNCTIONS; MALE; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; PREDICTIVE VALUE; PROCEDURES; RISK ASSESSMENT; SPINAL DISEASES; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

CERVICAL VERTEBRAE; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MANIPULATION, SPINAL; NECK PAIN; PREDICTIVE VALUE OF TESTS; PROGNOSIS; RANGE OF MOTION, ARTICULAR; RISK ASSESSMENT; SPINAL DISEASES; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 84909954613     PISSN: 00319406     EISSN: 18731465     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2014.04.007     Document Type: Review

References (95)

1. Hoy D.G., Protani M., De R., Buchbinder R. The epidemiology of neck pain. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2010, 24:783-792.
2. Manchikanti L., Singh V., Datta S., Cohen S.P., Hirsch J.A. Comprehensive review of epidemiology, scope, and impact of spinal pain. Pain Physician 2009, 12:E35-E70.
3. Hansson E.K., Hansson T.H. The costs for persons sick-listed more than one month because of low back or neck problems. A two-year prospective study of Swedish patients. Eur Spine J 2005, 14:337-345.
4. Martin B.I., Deyo R.A., Mirza S.K., Turner J.A., Comstock B.A., Hollingworth W., et al. Expenditures and health status among adults with back and neck problems. J Am Med Assoc 2008, 299:656-664.
5. International Association of the Study of Pain (IASP) Neck pain. Global year against musculoskeletal pain fact sheets 2009.
6. Childs J.D., Cleland J.A., Elliot J.M., Teyhen D.S., Wainner R.S., Whitman J.M., et al. Neck pain: clinical guidelines linked to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health from the Orthopaedic Section of the American Physical Therapy Association. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2008, 38:A1-A34.
7. de Koning C.H.P.P., van den Heuvel S.P., Staal J.B., Smits-Engelsman B.C.M., Hendriks E.J.M. Clinimetric evaluation of active range of motion measures in patients with non-specific neck pain: a systematic review. Eur Spine J 2008, 17:905-921.
8. Clarkson H.M. Musculoskeletal assessment: joint motion and muscle testing 2013, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia. 3rd ed.
9. Oatis C.A. Kinesiology: the mechanics and pathomechanics of human movement 2009, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia.
10. American Physical Therapy Association Guide to physical therapist practice. Second edition. Phys Ther 2001, 81:9-746.
11. Mintken P., DeRosa C., Little T., Smith B. AAOMPT clinical guidelines: a model for standardizing manipulation terminology in physical therapy practice. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2008, 38:A1-A6.
12. Snodgrass S.J., Haskins R., Rivett D.A. A structured review of spinal stiffness as a kinesiological outcome of manipulation: its measurement and utility in diagnosis, prognosis and treatment decision-making. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2012, 22:708-723.
13. Carlesso L.C., Gross A.R., Santaguida P.L., Burnie S., Voth S., Sadi J. Adverse events associated with the use of cervical manipulation and mobilization for the treatment of neck pain in adults: a systematic review. Manual Ther 2010, 15:434-444.
14. Williams M.A., McCarthy C.J., Chorti A., Cooke M.W., Gates S. A systematic review of reliability and validity studies of methods for measuring active and passive cervical range of motion. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2010, 33:138-155.
15. Whiting P.F., Rutjes A., Westwood M.E., Mallett S., Deeks J.J., Reitsma J.B., et al. QUADAS-2: a revised tool for the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies. Ann Intern Med 2011, 155:529-536.
16. McClure P. Sensitivity and specificity. J Hand Ther 2001, 14:219-220.
17. Cilliers K.I., Penter C.S. Relative effectiveness of two different approaches to adjust a fixated segment in the treatment of facet syndrome in the cervical spine. J Neuromusculoskel Syst 1998, 6:1-5.
18. Wood T.G., Colloca C.J., Matthews R. A pilot randomized clinical trial on the relative effect of instrumental (MFMA) versus manual (HVLA) manipulation in the treatment of cervical spine dysfunction. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2001, 24:260-271.
19. Giles L.G.F., Muller R. Chronic spinal pain: a randomized clinical trial comparing medication, acupuncture, and spinal manipulation. Spine 2003, 28:1490-1503.
20. Martel J., Dugas C., Dubois J.D., Descarreaux M. A randomised controlled trial of preventive spinal manipulation with and without a home exercise program for patients with chronic neck pain. BMC Musculoskel Disord 2011, 2011.
21. Moodley M., Brantingham J.W. The relative effectiveness of spinal manipulation and ultrasound in mechanical pain: pilot study. Chiropr Tech 1999, 11:164-168.
22. Parkin-Smith G.F., Penter C.S. A clinical trial investigating the effect of two manipulative approaches in the treatment of mechanical neck pain: a pilot study. J Neuromusculoskel Syst 1998, 6:6-16.
23. Pikula J.R. The effect of spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) on pain reduction and range of motion in patients with acute unilateral neck pain: a pilot study. J Can Chiropr Assoc 1999, 43:111-119.
24. Saayman L., Hay C., Abrahamse H. Chiropractic manipulative therapy and low-level laser therapy in the management of cervical facet dysfunction: a randomized controlled study. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2011, 34:153-163.
25. Tuttle N., Barrett R., Laakso L. Relation between changes in posteroanterior stiffness and active range of movement of the cervical spine following manual therapy treatment. Spine 2008, 33:E673-E679.
26. Van Schalkwyk R., Parkin-Smith G.F. A clinical trial investigating the possible effect of the supine cervical rotatory manipulation and the supine lateral break manipulation in the treatment of mechanical neck pain: a pilot study. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2000, 23:324-331.
27. Bunketorp Käll L. Assessment of motion in the cervico-thoracic spine in patients with subacute whiplash-associated disorders. J Rehabil Med 2008, 40:418-425.
28. Reigo T., Tropp H., Timpka T. Clinical findings in a population with back pain. Relation to one-year outcome and long-term sick leave. Scand J Prim Health Care 2000, 18:208-214.
29. Carlson J., Cremata E., Nansel D.D. Effect of unilateral spinal adjustments on goniometrically-assessed cervical lateral-flexion end-range asymmetries in otherwise asymptomatic subjects. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 1989, 12:419-427.
30. Ehlermann S., Fleming T., Fontanella D. The effect of Atlas adjusting on rotation range of motion in the cervical spine. Chiropractic 1994, 9:87-92.
31. Nansel D., Jansen R., Cremata E., Dhami M.S.I., Holley D. Effects of cervical adjustments on lateral-flexion passive end-range asymmetry and on blood pressure, heart rate and plasma catecholamine levels. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 1991, 14:450-456.
32. Passmore S.R., Burke J.R., Good C., Lyons J.L., Dunn A.S. Spinal manipulation impacts cervical spine movement and Fitts' task performance: a single-blind randomized before-after trial. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2010, 33:189-192.
33. Wontae G., Gak Hwang B., Yoonmi L. The effects of gong's mobilization on cervical lordosis, forward head posture, and cervical ROM in abnormal posture of the cervical spine of college students. J Phys Ther Sci 2011, 23:531-534.
34. Hall T., Chan H.T., Christensen L., Odenthal B., Wells C., Robinson K. Efficacy of a C1-C2 self-sustained natural apophyseal glide (SNAG) in the management of cervicogenic headache. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2007, 37:100-107.
35. Norlander S., Gustavsson B.A., Lindell J., Nordgren B. Reduced mobility in the cervico-thoracic motion segment-a risk factor for musculoskeletal neck-shoulder pain: a two-year prospective follow-up study. Scand J Rehabil Med 1997, 29:167-174.
36. Niere K.R., Torney S.K. Clinicians' perceptions of minor cervical instability. Manual Ther 2004, 9:144-150.
37. van Trijffel E., Oostendorp R.A.B., Lindeboom R., Bossuyt P.M.M., Lucas C. Perceptions and use of passive intervertebral motion assessment of the spine: a survey among physiotherapists specializing in manual therapy. Manual Ther 2009, 14:243-251.
38. Hayden J.A., Cote P., Bombardier C. Evaluation of the quality of prognosis studies in systematic reviews. Ann Intern Med 2006, 144:427-437.
39. Maher C.G., Sherrington C., Herbert R.D., Moseley A.M., Elkins M. Reliability of the PEDro scale for rating quality of randomized controlled trials. Phys Ther 2003, 83:713-721.
40. de Morton N. The PEDro scale is a valid measure of the methodological quality of clinical trials: a demographic study. Aust J Physiother 2009, 55:129-133.
41. Altman D.G. Practical statistics for medical research 1991, Chapman and Hall, London.
42. Tuttle N. Do changes within a manual therapy treatment session predict between-session changes for patients with cervical spine pain. Aust J Physiother 2005, 51:43-48.
43. Tuttle N., Laakso L., Barrett R. Change in impairments in the first two treatments predicts outcome in impairments, but not in activity limitations, in subacute neck pain: an observational study. Aust J Physiother 2006, 52:281-285.
44. Hall T., Briffa K., Hopper D., Robinson K. Comparative analysis and diagnostic accuracy of the cervical flexion-rotation test. J Headache Pain 2010, 11:391-397.
45. Jull G., Amiri M., Bullock-Saxton J., Darnell R., Lander C. Cervical musculoskeletal impairment in frequent intermittent headache. Part 1: subjects with single headaches. Cephalalgia 2007, 27:793-802.
46. Ogince M., Hall T., Robinson K., Blackmore A. The diagnostic validity of the cervical flexion-rotation test in C1/2-related cervicogenic headache. Manual Ther 2007, 12:256-262.
47. Amiri M., Jull G., Bullock-Saxton J., Darnell R., Lander C. Cervical musculoskeletal impairment in frequent intermittent headache. Part 2: subjects with concurrent headache types. Cephalalgia 2007, 27:891-898.
48. Wainner R.S., Fritz J.M., Irrgang J.J., Boninger M.L., Delitto A., Allison S. Reliability and diagnostic accuracy of the clinical examination and patient self-report measures for cervical radiculopathy. Spine 2003, 28:52-62.
49. Stiell I.G., Clement C.M., McKnight R.D., Brison R., Schull M.J., Rowe B.H., et al. The Canadian C-spine rule versus the NEXUS low-risk criteria in patients with trauma. N Engl J Med 2003, 349:2510-2518.
50. Stiell I.G., Wells G.A., Vandemheen K.L., Clement C.M., Lesiuk H., De Maio V.J., et al. The Canadian C-spine rule for radiography in alert and stable trauma patients. J Am Med Assoc 2001, 286:1841-1848.
51. Salo P., Ylinen J., Kautiainen H., Hakkinen K., Hakkinen A. Neck muscle strength and mobility of the cervical spine as predictors of neck pain: a prospective 6-year study. Spine 2012, 37:1036-1040.
52. Hush J.M., Michaleff Z., Maher C.G., Refshauge K. Individual, physical and psychological risk factors for neck pain in Australian office workers: a 1-year longitudinal study. Eur Spine J 2009, 18:1532-1540.
53. Mintken P.E., Cleland J.A., Carpenter K.J., Bieniek M.L., Keirns M., Whitman J.M. Some factors predict successful short-term outcomes in individuals with shoulder pain receiving cervicothoracic manipulation: a single-arm trial. Phys Ther 2010, 90:26-42.
54. Cleland J.A., Mintken P.E., Carpenter K., Fritz J.M., Glynn P., Whitman J., et al. Examination of a clinical prediction rule to identify patients with neck pain likely to benefit from thoracic spine thrust manipulation and a general cervical range of motion exercise: multi-center randomized clinical trial. Phys Ther 2010, 90:1239-1250.
55. Raney N.H., Petersen E.J., Smith T.A., Cowan J.E., Rendeiro D.G., Deyle G.D., et al. Development of a clinical prediction rule to identify patients with neck pain likely to benefit from cervical traction and exercise. Eur Spine J 2009, 18:382-391.
56. Keating J.L., Kent P., Davidson M., Duke R., McKinnon L., De Nardis R. Predicting short-term response and non-response to neck strengthening exercise for chronic neck pain. J Whiplash Relat Disord 2005, 4:43-55.
57. Puentedura E.J., Cleland J.A., Landers M.R., Mintken P., Louw A., Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C. Development of a clinical prediction rule to identify patients with neck pain likely to benefit from thrust joint manipulation to the cervical spine. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2012, 42:577-592.
58. Castien R.F., van der Windt D.A.W.M., Blankenstein A.H., Heymans M.W., Dekker J. Clinical variables associated with recovery in patients with chronic tension-type headache after treatment with manual therapy. Pain 2012, 153:893-899.
59. Borenstein P., Rosenfeld M., Gunnarsson R. Cognitive symptoms, cervical range of motion and pain as prognostic factors after whiplash trauma. Acta Neurol Scand 2010, 122:278-285.
60. Kasch H., Qerama E., Kongsted A., Bendix T., Jensen T.S., Bach F.W. Clinical assessment of prognostic factors for long-term pain and handicap after whiplash injury: a 1-year prospective study. Eur J Neurol 2008, 15:1222-1230.
61. Kasch H., Bach F.W., Jensen T.S. Handicap after acute whiplash injury. A 1-year prospective study of risk factors. Neurology 2001, 56:1637-1643.
62. Cleland J.A., Childs J.D., Fritz J.M., Whitman J.M., Eberhart S.L. Development of a clinical prediction rule for guiding treatment of a subgroup of patients with neck pain: use of thoracic spine manipulation, exercise, and patient education. Phys Ther 2007, 87:9-23.
63. Dunning J.R., Cleland J.A., Waldrop M.A., Arnot C., Young I., Turner M., et al. Upper cervical and upper thoracic thrust manipulation versus nonthrust mobilization in patients with mechanical neck pain: a multicenter randomized clinical trial. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2012, 42:5-18.
64. Kanlayanaphotporn R., Chiradejnant A., Vachalathiti R. Immediate effects of the central posteroanterior mobilization technique on pain and range of motion in patients with mechanical neck pain. Disabil Rehabil 2010, 32:622-628.
65. Lau H.M.C., Wing Chiu T.T., Lam T.H. The effectiveness of thoracic manipulation on patients with chronic mechanical neck pain - a randomized controlled trial. Manual Ther 2011, 16:141-147.
66. Kanlayanaphotporn R., Chiradejnant A., Vachalathiti R. The immediate effects of mobilization technique on pain and range of motion in patients presenting with unilateral neck pain: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2009, 90:187-192.
67. González-Iglesias J., Fernandez-de-las-Penas C., Cleland J.A., Gutiérrez-Vega M.R. Thoracic spine manipulation for the management of patients with neck pain: a randomized clinical trial. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2009, 39:20-27.
68. González-Iglesias J., Fernández-de-las-Peñas C., Cleland J.A., Alburquerque-Sendín F., Palomeque-del-Cerro L., Méndez-Sánchez R. Inclusion of thoracic spine thrust manipulation into an electro-therapy/thermal program for the management of patients with acute mechanical neck pain: a randomized clinical trial. Manual Ther 2009, 14:306-313.
69. Fernández-De-Las-Peñas C., Cleland J.A., Huijbregts P., Palomeque-Del-Cerro L., González-Iglesias J. Repeated applications of thoracic spine thrust manipulation do not lead to tolerance in patients presenting with acute mechanical neck pain: a secondary analysis. J Man Manip Ther 2009, 17:154-162.
70. Reid S.A., Rivett D.A., Katekar M.G., Callister R. Sustained natural apophyseal glides (SNAGs) are an effective treatment for cervicogenic dizziness. Manual Ther 2008, 13:357-366.
71. Krauss J., Creighton D., Ely J.D., Podlewska-Ely J. The immediate effects of upper thoracic translatoric spinal manipulation on cervical pain and range of motion: a randomized clinical trial. J Man Manip Ther 2008, 16:93-99.
72. Martínez-Segura R., Fernández-de-las-Peñas C., Ruiz-Sáez M., López-Jiménez C., Rodríguez-Blanco C. Immediate effects on neck pain and active range of motion after a single cervical high-velocity low-amplitude manipulation in subjects presenting with mechanical neck pain: a randomized controlled trial. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2006, 29:511-517.
73. Whittingham W., Nilsson N. Active range of motion in the cervical spine increases after spinal manipulation (toggle recoil). J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2001, 24:552-555.
74. Yurkiw D., Mior S. Comparison of two chiropractic techniques on pain and lateral flexion in neck pain patients: a pilot study. Chiropr Tech 1996, 8:155-162.
75. Nilsson N., Christensen H., Hartvigsen J. Lasting changes in passive range motion after spinal manipulation: a randomized, blind, controlled trial. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 1996, 19:165-168.
76. Koes B.W., Bouter L.M., van Mameren H., Essers A., Verstegen G., Hofhuizen D., et al. A blinded randomized clinical trial of manual therapy and physiotherapy for chronic back and neck complaints: physical outcome measures. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 1992, 15:16-23.
77. Cassidy J., Lopes A., Yong-Hing K. The immediate effect of manipulation versus mobilization on pain and range of motion in the cervical spine: a randomized controlled trial. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 1992, 15:570-575.
78. Cleland J.A., Childs J.D., Fritz J.M., Whitman J.M. Interrater reliability of the history and physical examination in patients with mechanical neck pain. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2006, 87:1388-1395.
79. Williams M.A., Williamson E., Gates S., Cooke M.W. Reproducibility of the cervical range of motion (CROM) device for individuals with sub-acute whiplash associated disorders. Eur Spine J 2012, 21:872-878.
80. Jaeschke R., Guyatt G., Sackett D. Users' guides to the medical literature. III. How to use an article about a diagnostic test. B. What are the results and will they help me in caring for my patients. J Am Med Assoc 1994, 271:703-707.
81. Jull G., Trott P., Potter H., Zito G., Niere K., Shirley D., et al. A randomized controlled trial of exercise and manipulative therapy for cervicogenic headache. Spine 2002, 27:1835-1843.
82. Ariëns G.A.M., Bongers P.M., Hoogendoorn W.E., Houtman I.L.D., van der Wal G., van Mechelen W. High quantitative job demands and low coworker support as risk factors for neck pain: results of a prospective cohort study. Spine 2001, 26:1896-1901.
83. Fletcher J.P., Bandy W.D. Intrarater reliability of CROM measurement of cervical spine active range of motion in persons with and without neck pain. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2008, 38:640-645.
84. Bialosky J.E., Bishop M.D., Price D.D., Robinson M.E., George S.Z. The mechanisms of manual therapy in the treatment of musculoskeletal pain: a comprehensive model. Manual Ther 2009, 14:531-538.
85. Bialosky J.E., George S.Z., Bishop M.D. How spinal manipulative therapy works: why ask why?. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2008, 38:293-295.
86. Puentedura E.J., Landers M.R., Cleland J.A., Mintken P.E., Huijbregts P., Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C. Thoracic spine thrust manipulation versus cervical spine thrust manipulation in patients with acute neck pain: a randomized clinical trial. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2011, 41:208-220.
87. Campbell B.D., Snodgrass S.J. The effects of thoracic manipulation on posteroanterior spinal stiffness. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2010, 40:685-693.
88. Hurwitz E.L., Morgenstern H., Harber P., Kominski G.F., Belin T.R., Yu F., et al. A randomized trial of medical care with and without physical therapy and chiropractic care with and without physical modalities for patients with low back pain: 6-month follow-up outcomes from the UCLA low back pain study. Spine 2002, 27:2193-2204.
89. Cleland J.A., Fritz J.M., Kulig K., Davenport T.E., Eberhart S., Magel J., et al. Comparison of the effectiveness of three manual physical therapy techniques in a subgroup of patients with low back pain who satisfy a clinical prediction rule: a randomized clinical trial. Spine 2009, 34:2720-2729.
90. Cleland J.A., Glynn P., Whitman J.M., Eberhart S.L., MacDonald C., Childs J.D. Short-term effects of thrust versus nonthrust mobilization/manipulation directed at the thoracic spine in patients with neck pain: a randomized clinical trial. Phys Ther 2007, 87:431-440.
91. Cook C., Learman K., Showalter C., Kabbaz V., O'Halloran B. Early use of thrust manipulation versus non-thrust manipulation: a randomized clinical trial. Manual Ther 2014, [in press, Available online 2nd October 2012].
92. Chiradejnant A., Maher C.G., Latimer J., Stepkovitch N. Efficacy of therapist-selected versus randomly selected mobilisation techniques for the treatment of low back pain: a randomised controlled trial. Aust J Physiother 2003, 49:233-241.
93. Antonaci F., Ghirmai S., Bono G., Sandrini G., Nappi G. Cervicogenic headache: evaluation of the original diagnostic criteria. Cephalalgia 2001, 21:573-583.
94. Sjaastad O., Fredriksen T.A., Pfaffenrath V. Cervicogenic headache: diagnostic criteria. The Cervicogenic Headache International Study Group. Headache 1998, 38:442-445.
95. Maitland G., Hengeveld E., Banks K., English K. Vertebral manipulation 2001, Butterworth Heinemann, London. 6th ed.