The De-radicalization of Jihadists: Transforming armed Islamist movements

The De-Radicalization of Jihadists: Transforming Armed Islamist Movements

Volumn , Issue , 2009, Pages 1-205

  Ashour, Omar ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF EXETER   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84909338715     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9780203877098     Document Type: Book

References (341)

1. Al-' Arky, Samir. "Rihlat Al-Fayyum. Zikrayat wa Shujun" [The Fayyum Trip. Memories and Grievances]. Interview by the Islamic Group. [Online]. http://egyig.com/Public/articles/mobadra/6/38809650.shtml (accessed 1 January 2007).
2. Al-' Awwa, Salwa. Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya al-Musallaha fi Misr [The Armed Islamic Group in Egypt]. Cairo: Al-Shuruq, 2006.
3. Abu Ruman, Muhmmad. "al-Maqdis Kharij al-Qudban" [al-Maqdsi Outside The Bars]. Al-Hayat, 13 March 2008, 6.
4. Abd al-Halim, Mahmud. Al-Ikhwan al-Muslimun: Ahdath Sana'at al-Tarikh. Ru'ya min al-Dakhil [The Muslim Brothers: Events that Created History. An Insider's View]. Vol. 1. Alexandria: Dar al-Da'wa, 1970.
5. Abd al-Majid, Ahmad. al-Ikhwan wa Abd al-Nasir: Al-Qissa al-Kamila li-Tanzim 1965 [The Brothers and Nasser: The Complete Story of the 1965 Organization]. Cairo: al-Zahra lil I 'lam al-' Arabi, 1991.
6. Abd al-Ra'uf, Abd al-Mun'im. Arghamtu Faruq 'ala al-Tanazul 'an al-' Arsh [I Forced Faruq to Abdicate the Throne]. Cairo: al-Zahra lil I'lam wa al-Nashr, 1989.
7. Abdennour, Ali Yahia. "On Human Rights in Algeria." In Youcef Bedjaoui et al. (eds.) An Inquiry into the Algerian Massacres. Plan-les- Ouates, Genève: Hoggar, 1999, 5-13.
8. Abdul Ghani, Safwat. An Interview with Safwat Abdul Ghani. Interview by Salwa al- 'Awwa in Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya al-Musallaha fi Misr [The Armed Islamic Group of Egypt]. Cairo: Al-Shuruq, 2006.
9. Abdul Fattah, Ali. Al-Hala al-Diniyah fi Misr [The Religious Situation in Egypt]. Cairo: al-Ahram Center for Strategic Studies, 1996.
10. Abdul Khaliq, Farid. Al-Ikhwan al-Muslimun fi Mizan al-Haqq [The Muslim Brothers in the Righteous Balance]. Cairo: Dar al-Sahwa, 1987.
11. Abdul Khaliq, Farid. "al-Ikhwan al-Muslimun Kama Yarahum Farid Abdul Khaliq" [The Muslim Brothers are Perceived by Farid Abdul Khaliq]. Interview by Ahmad Mansur in Shahid 'ala al-' Asr. Al-Jazeera Satellite Channel. 7 December 2003 to 7 March 2004.
12. Abdul 'ati, Muhammad. "Muhasilat Al-Sira" [The Result of the Conflict]. 27 May 2002. www.aljazeera.net/in-depth/aljeria-election/2002/5/5-25-2.htm (accessed 25 November 2002).
13. Abdul Rahman, Hamdi, Nagih Ibrahim and Ali al-Sharif. Taslit al-Adwa' 'ala ma Waqa'a fi al-Jihad min Akhta' [Shedding Lights on What Went Wrong during the Jihad]. Cairo: Al-Turath al-Islami, 2002.
14. Abdul Rahman, Omar. Kalimat Haqq [A Righteous Word]. Cairo, 1984.
15. Abdul Rasul, Magdi. "al-Jihad wa al-Jama'a Yatafiqan 'ala Awlawiyat al-' amal al-Siyasi" [The Jihad and the Group Agree on the Priorities of Political Action]. al-' Arabi al-Nassiri, 16 March 2006, 1.
16. Abu Rumman, Muhammad. Muraja'at Harakat al-Jihad al-Masriyya fi Mir'at Muraja'at Jihadiyyn fi al-' rdun [The Revisions of the Egyptian al-Jihad Movement in the Mirror of the Revisions of Jihadists in Jordan]. Al-Hayat, 17 June 2007.
17. Abu Zakaria, Yehia. Al-Haraka Al-Islamiya Al-Musalaha Fi Al-Jaza'ir [The Islamic Armed Movement in Algeria]. Beirut: AlArif, 1993.
18. Ahmad, Makram. "Ahmad Yuhawir al-Qiyadat al-Tarikhiyya lil Jama'a al-Islamiyya fi Sijn al-' Aqrab" [Ahmad Interviews the Historical Leadership of the Islamic Group in the Scorpion Prison]. Al-Mussawar, 21 June 2002a, 4-22.
19. Ahmad, Makram. "Al-Qawa'id Tunaqish Qiyadatiha fi Liman Wadi al-Natrun" [The Grassroots Debates with Its Leadership in Wadi al-Natur Prison]. Al-Mussawar, 28 June 2002b, 4-20.
20. Ahmad, Makram. "Ahmad Yuhawir Qiyadat al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya Kharij al-Sujun" [Ahmad Interviews the Leadership of the Islamic Group outside Prisons]. Al-Mussawar, 5 July 2002c, 4-18.
21. Ahmad, Makram. Huwar ma' Qadat al-Tataruf [Dialogue with the Leaders of Extremism]. Cairo: Dar Al-Shuruq, 2003.
22. Ait Ahmad, Hussein. "Al-Zikra Al-Arba'un Li Istiqlal Al-Jaza'ir" [The Fortieth Anniversary of Algerian Independence]. Bila Hudud. Al-Jazeera Satellite Channel. Al-Doha. 3 July 2002, 18:35 GMT.
23. Ait Larabi, Mohammed et al. "An Anatomy of the Massacres." In Youcef Bedjaoui et al. (eds.) An Inquiry into the Algerian Massacres. Plan-les- Ouates, Genève: Hoggar, 1999, 13-267.
24. Allam. Fu'ad. Al-Ikhwan wa Ana [The Brothers and I]. Cairo: al-Maktab al-Masri al-Hadith, 1996.
25. Amanpour, Christiane. In the Footsteps of Bin Laden. CNN Documentary. 23 August 2006.
26. Anderson, Lisa. "Fulfilling Prophecies: State Policy and Islamist Radicalism." In John Esposito (ed.) Political Islam: Revolution, Radicalism or Reform. Boulder: Lynne Rienner, 1997.
27. Anderson, Lisa. "Policy-Making and Theory-Building: American Political Science and the Islamic Middle East." In Hisham Sharabi (ed.) Theory, Politics and the Arab World. New York: Routledge, 1990.
28. Anon. "L'Assassin de Hachani Libéré." Rédaction de Liberte. 11 September 2006, 3.
29. Anon. "Le GIA est Mort" [The GIA is Dead]. Le Quotidien d'Oran. 4 Janvier 2005, 1.
30. Anon. "Muraja'at al-Jihad" [The Jihad Revisions]. Al-Masy al-Youm. 14 April 2001, 1.
31. Anon. Muslim Brothers Newspaper, 26 Muharram 1353 (10 May 1934), 1.
32. Anon. "Al-Rakha' al-Zahir" [The Apparent Affluency]. Al-Sharq al-Awsat, 2 October 2000, 1.
33. Anon. "Tatwurat al-Jaz'ir" [Developments in Algeria]. Al-Hayat, 12 January 2000, 1.
34. Ansari, Hamied. "The Islamic Militants in Egyptian Politics." International Journal of Middle East Studies vol. 16, no. 1 (March 1984): 123-144.
35. Aroua, Abbas. "Al-Mazabih Fi Al-Jaza'ir: Huwar Ma' Al-Profissir Abbas Urwa" [The Massacres in Algeria: An Interview with Professor Abbas Aroua]. Bila Hudud. Al-Jazeera Satellite Channel. Al-Doha. 19 February 2001, 18:35 GMT.
36. Ashmawy, Ali. Al-Tarikh al-Sirri li Jama'at al-Ikhwan al-Muslimyin [The Secret History of the Muslim Brothers]. Cairo: Ibn Khaldun, 2005.
37. Al-Ashmawi, Hasan. Al-Ikhwan wa al-Thawra [The Brothers and the Revolution]. Cairo: al-Maktab al-Masri al-Hadith, 1977.
38. Al-Ashmawi, Hasan. Hasad al-Ayyam: Muzakarat Harib [Harvests of the Days: Memoirs of a Fugitive]. Cairo: Dar al-Tawzee' wa al-Nashr, 1991.
39. Ashour, Omar and Emre Unluckayakli. "Islamists, Soldiers, and Conditional Democrats: Comparing the Behaviors of Islamists and the Military in Algeria and Turkey." Journal of Conflict Studies vol. 26, no. 2 (Summer 2006): 99-135.
40. Ashour, Omar. "Lions Tamed? An Inquiry into the Causes of De-Radicalization of the Egyptian Islamic Group." Middle East Journal vol. 61 no. 4 (Autumn 2007): 596-627.
41. Atayliyah, Muhammad. "Huwar ma' Al-General Muhammad Atayliyah: Istaqalt Mina Al-Jaysh Bisabab Ta'yin Khalid Nazar Waziran Lil Difa" [An Interview with General Muhammad Atayliyah: I Resigned from the Army Due to Appointment of Khalid Nazar as a Defense Minister]. Interview by Abd Al-' ali Razaqi. Al-Hayat, 25 March 2000, 8.
42. Ayachi, Ahmed. Al-Haraka al-Islamiyya fi al-Jaza'ir: al-Juzur, al-Rumuz, al-Masar [The Islamist Movement in Algeria: Roots, Symbols and Path]. Casablanca: Ouyun al-Maqalat., 1993.
43. Ayub, Usama. "Qiyadi al-Jihad Rahn al-Iqama al-Jabryyia" [A Leader of al-Jihad Under House Arrest]. Interview by Muhammad al-Shaf'i. al-Sharq al-Awsat, 28 April 2007, 7.
44. Ayubi, Nazih. Political Islam: Religion and Politics in the Arab World. London, New York: Routledge, 1991.
45. Al-Bahnasawy, Salim. Al-Hukm fi Qadiyat Takfir al-Muslimyin [The Judgment in the Case of Muslim Excommunication]. Cairo: Dar al-Tawzi', 1977.
46. Al-Banna, Hasan. Mujmu'at Ras'il al-Imam al-Shahid Hasan al-Banna [The Complete Collection of Letters of the Martyr Imam Hasan al-Banna]. Beirut: Dar al-Qalam, 1990.
47. Al-Banna, Hasan. Muzakkarat al-Da'wah wa al-Da'iya [The Memoirs of the Call and the Preacher]. Cairo: Dar al-Tawzi' wa al-Nashr al-Isamiyya, 1986.
48. Al-Banna, Hasan. Khutwatuna al-Thaniya [Our Second Step], al-Nadhir, no. 1, 1938.
49. Al-Baquri, Ahmad. Baqaya Dhizkrayat [Remains of Memories]. Cairo: Markaz al-Ahram, 1988.
50. Bedjaoui, Youcef et al. (eds.) An Inquiry into the Algerian Massacres. Plan-les- Ouates, Genève: Hoggar, 1999.
51. Beinin, Joel and Joe Stork (eds.). Political Islam: Essays from the Middle East Report. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997.
52. Bellin, Eva. "The Robustness of Authoritarianism in the Middle East." Comparative Politics vol. 36, no. 2 (January 2004): 139-158.
53. Belhaj, Ali. Fasl al-Kalam Fi Muwajahat Dhulm al-Hukkam [The Decisive Statement on Confronting Oppressive Rulers]. Algiers: Islamic Salvation Front Publications, 1992.
54. Ben Aicha, Ahmad. "Ben Aicha: Haqq al-' Amal al-Siyasi Madmun fi Itifaq al-Hudna" [Ben Aicha: The Right of Political Action is Guaranteed in the Truce Agreement]. Interview by Muhammad al-Muqqadim. Al-Hayat, 3 February 2000, 8.
55. Ben Aicha, Ahmad. "Al-Hayat Tuqabil Emir al-Gharb Ahmad Ben Aicha [al-Hayat Interviews the Emir of the West Ahmad Ben Aicha]. Interview by Muhammad al-Muqqadim. Al-Hayat, 8 June 1996, 8.
56. Ben Bella, Ahmad. "An Interview with the Ahmad Ben Bella." 19 November 2002. www. aljazeera.net/programs/century_witness/articles/2002/11/11-19-1.htm (accessed 25 November 2002).
57. Ben Hajar, Ali. "Ali Ben Hajar Yarwi Lil Al-Hayat Tajribatoh Dakhil Al-Jama'a Al-Musalaha Wa Tafasil Inshiqaquh 'anha" [Ali Bin Hajar Tells Al-Hayat His Experience Inside the Armed Group and The Details of His Secession from It]. Interview by Muhammad al-Muqqadim. AlHayat, 5 February 2000, 8.
58. Ben Hajar, Ali. "Za'im Jama'a Musallaha Yarfud Talab al-Sulta Tawgih Nida' lil Musalahiyn" [The Commander of an Armed Group Refuses the Demand of the Authorities to Call on Armed Militias to Cease "Violence"]. Interview by Bou Allam Ghimrasa. Al-Sharq Al-Awsat, 27 September 2005, 1.
59. Ben Hajar, Ali. Interview by Camille al-Tawil in Al-Qa'ida wa Akhawatiha [al-Qa'ida and Its Sisters]. Beirut: Dar al-Saqqi, 2007, 232-234.
60. Ben Uthman, Noomane. "Laqa' ma' Ben Uthman" [Meeting with Ben Uthman]. In Camille al-Tawil (ed.) Al-Qa'ida wa Akhawatiha (al-Qa'ida and Its Sisters). Beirut: Dar al-Saqqi, 2007, 241.
61. Bermeo, Nancy. "Democracy and the Lessons of Dictatorship." Comparative Politics vol. 24, no. 3 (April 1992): 273-291.
62. Bidiwiy, Ahmad. "Difa''Abbud Al-Zumur Yantaqid Izdiwajiyat al-Ma'ayir" [The Defense of Abbud al-Zumur Criticizes the Double Standards]. Al-Usbu'. 12 September 2005, 1.
63. Binder, Leonard. Islamic Liberalism: A Critique of Development Ideologies. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1988.
64. Al-Bishri, Tariq. Al-Haraka al-Siyasiya fi Masr 1945-1952 [The Political Movement in Egypt 1945-1952]. Cairo: Dar al-Shuruq, 1983.
65. Al-Bishri, Tariq. Al-Haraka al-Siyasiya fi Masr 1945-1952 [The Political Movement in Egypt 1945- 1952]. Cairo: Dar al-Shuruq, 1972.
66. Bou Abdullah, Awad. "Nar Taht al-Ramad fi Balad al-Million Shahid" [Fire under Ashes in the Country of the Million Martyrs]. Interview by Ahmad Abdullah. Al-' Ain al-Thalitha. Al-' Arabiya Satellite Channel. 10 November 2006.
67. Boukhamkham, Abdelkader. "Boukhamkham Yaftah Malaf al-Sulta wa al-Inqaz" [Boukhamkham Opens the File of the Regime and the FIS]. Interview by Abd al-Aali Razzaqi. Al-Hayat, 31 October 1999, 10.
68. Boukra, Liess. Algerie: La Terreur Sacree. Lausanne: Favre, 2002.
69. Bouteflika, Abdelaziz. "Bouteflika Yatlub 'al-' Afuw' min 'al-Ta'ibiyn" [Bouteflika Asks for 'Forgiveness' from the "Repented"]. Report by Muhammad al-Muqqadim. Al-Hayat, 9 February 2005, 1.
70. Brynen, Rex, Paul Noble and Bahgat Korany. "Introduction" and "Conclusion." In Rex Brynen, Bahgat Korany and Paul Noble (eds.) Political Liberalization and Democratization in the Arab World: Theoretical Perspectives. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1995.
71. Brynjar, Lia. The Society of the Muslim Brothers in Egypt: The Rise of an Islamic Mass Movement 1928-1942. Reading, UK: Garnet, 1998.
72. Burgat, Francois and William Dowell. The Islamic Movement of North Africa. Austin: Center for Middle Eastern Studies, 1997.
73. Burgat, Francois. "Ballot Boxes, Military and Islamic Movements." In Martin Kramer (ed.) The Islamism Debate. Tel Aviv: Moshe Dayan Center, 1997.
74. Carey, Sabine. "Uncovering the Dynamics of Domestic Conflict: A Time-Series Analysis of Protest and Repression in Latin America and Sub-Saharan Africa." Paper prepared for the ECPR Joint Sessions, Workshop 9: The Systematic Study of Human Rights Violations, March 2002.
75. Clark, Janine, "The Conditions of Islamist Moderation: Unpacking Cross-Ideological Cooperation in Jordan." International Journal of Middle Eastern Studies vol. 38 no. 24 (November 2006): 539-560.
76. Cosantini, Faruk. "al-Jaza'ir: Tahqiq Hukumi Yuhamil al-' Amn Mus'uliyat Ikhtia' 6,146 Madani" [A Government Investigation Blames the Security for the Disappearance of 6,146 Civilians]. Interview by Bou Allam Ghimrasa. Al-Sharq al-Awsat, 1 April 2005, 1.
77. Cosantini, Faruk. "Huwar ma' Ra'is al-Lajna al-Istishariyya li Himayyat Huqquq al-Insan" [Interview with The Head of the Consultative Committee for the Protection of Human Rights]. Interview by Omar Taha. Al-Zaman, 11 November 2006, 19.
78. Cosantini, Faruk. "al-Amn Awqaf Nisf Million Jaza'iri bi Tuh,mat 'al-Irhab" [The Security Forces Arrested Half a Million Algerians for 'Terrorism' Charges]. Interview by Ramadan Bil'amry. Al-Arabiya, 24 January 2006.
79. Dagi, Ihsan. "The Justice and Development Party: Identity, Politics and Human Rights Discourse in the Search for Security and Legitimacy" in Hakan Yavus (ed.) The Emergence of a New Turkey: Democracy and the AK Parti. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 2006.
80. Davenport, Christian (ed.). Human Rights Violations and Contentious Politics. Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield, 2000.
81. Davis, Eric. "Ideology, Social Class and Islamic Radicalism in Modern Egypt," in Said A. Arjoman (ed.), From Nationalism to Revolutionary Islam. Albany: State University of New York, 1984.
82. Dekmejian, R. Hrair. "Islamic Revival: Catalyst, Category and Consequences," in Shireen T. Hunter (ed.) The Politics of Islamic Revivalism. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1988.
83. Dekmejian, R. Hrair. "The Rise of Political Islamism in Saudi Arabia." Middle East Journal vol. 48, no. 4 (Autumn 1994): 627-643.
84. Dekmejian, R. Hrair. Islam in Revolution: Fundamentalism in the Arab World. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1995.
85. Dekmejian, R. Hrair and Margaret Wyszomirski. "Charismatic Leadership in Islam: The Mahdi in Sudan." Comparative Studies in Society and History vol. 14 no. 2 (March 1972): 193-214.
86. DeNardo, James. Power in Numbers: The Political Strategy of Protest and Rebellion. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1985.
87. Dhina, Murad. "Interview with Murad Dhina." Algerian Interface. 19 September 2002.
88. Diamond, Larry. Developing Democracy: Toward Consolidation. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 1999.
89. Diamond, Larry Marc F. Plattner and Daniel Brumberg (eds.) Islam and Democracy in the Middle East. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2003.
90. Diraz, Essam. Al-' A'idun min Afghanistan [The Returnees from-Afghanistan]. Cairo: al-Dar al-Mis. riyah lil-Nashr wa-al- I'lam, 1993.
91. Dirbala, Essam. "Al-Ahram Yuhawir Essam Dirbala" [Al-Ahram Interviews Essam Dirbala]. Interview by Ahmad Musa. Al-Ahram, 26 August 2006, 16.
92. Eickelman, Dale F. and James Piscatori. Muslim Politics. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1997.
93. Esposito, John and John Voll. Islam and Democracy. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.
94. Esposito, John and John Voll. Political Islam: Revolution, Radicalism or Reform? Boulder: Lynne Rienner, 1997.
95. Fandy, Ma'mun. Saudi Arabia and the Politics of Dissent. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1999.
96. Fisk, Robert. Pity the Nation. London: Touchstone, 1990.
97. Former IG Detainee. Interview by author. October 2002. Cairo, Egypt.
98. Former Islamist Leader. Interview by author. July 2002. Cairo, Egypt.
99. Fouda, Yusri. "Ajrass al-Khatar. al-Haqiaa Wara' 11 September - J-3" [Menacing Bells. the Truth behind September 11 - Vol. 3]. Sirri Lil Ghaya (Top Secret). Al-Jazeera Satellite Channel. 29 September 2005.
100. Friedman, Thomas. From Beirut to Jerusalem. London: HarperCollins, 1998.
101. Fry, LW and Matherly, LL. "Spiritual Leadership and Organizational Performance." Paper accepted for presentation at the August 2006 meeting of the Academy of Management, Atlanta, Georgia.
102. Fry, LW (2005). "Towards a Paradigm of Spiritual Leadership." The Leadership Quarterly vol. 16 no. 5: 619-722.
103. Fuller, Graham. "The Future of Political Islam." Foreign Affairs vol. 82, no. 2 (March/ April 2002): 48-64.
104. Gentry, Caron. "The Relationship Between New Social Movement Theory and Terrorism Studies: The Role of Leadership, Membership, Ideology and Gender." Terrorism and Political Violence vol. 16, no. 2 (Summer 2004): 274-293.
105. Gerges, Fawaz. "The End of the Islamist Insurgency in Egypt? Costs and Prospects." Middle East Journal vol. 54, no. 4 (Autumn 2000): 592-612.
106. Al-Ghazaly, Zaynab. Ayam min Hayati [Days from my life]. Cairo: Dar al-I'tisam, 1989.
107. Ghimrasa, Bou Allam. "Al-' Amn al-Jaza'iri Ya'taqil Qa'id al-Jama'a" [The Algerian Security Detains the Commander of the Group]." Al-Sharq al-Awsat, 4 January 2005a, 1.
108. Ghimrasa, Bou Allam. "Za'im Jama'a Musallaha Yarfud Talab al-Sulutat al-Jaza'iriya Tawjih Nada' ila al-Musalahin lil Iqla' 'an 'al-Irhab' " [The Commander of an Armed Group Refuses the Request of the Algerian Authorities to Call on the Armed Men to Stop "Terrorism"]. Al-Sharq Al-Awsat, 27 September 2005b, 1.
109. Ghimrasa, Bou Allam. "Akbar Tanzim Musallah fi al-Jaz'ir Yu'lin Mubaya'yuh li Bin Laden" [The Largest Armed Organization in Algeria Declares its Allegiance to Bin Laden]. Al-Sharq Al-Awsat, 15 September 2006, 1.
110. Ghimrasa, Bou Allam. "Qa'idat al-Maghreb Tatabanna 'Amaliyat Musllaha" [Al-Qa'ida of al-Maghreb Take Responsibility for Armed Operations]. Al-Sharq Al-Awsat, 3 March 2007a, 1.
111. Ghimrasa, Bou Allam. "Qa'idat al-Maghreb Ta'tadhir" [Al-Qa'ida of al-Maghreb Apologizes]. Al-Sharq al-Awsat, 23 August 2007b, 6.
112. El-Ghobashy, Mona. "The Metamorphosis of the Egyptian Muslim Brothers." International Journal of Middle Eastern Studies vol. 38, no. 3 (August 2005): 373-395.
113. Al-Gindi, Anwar. Al-Ikhwan al-Muslimun fi Mizan al-Haqq [The Muslim Brothers in The Righteous Balance]. Cairo: 1946.
114. Guenena, Nemat. "The "Jihad": An Islamic Alternative in Egypt." Cairo Papers vol. 9, no. 2 (Summer 1986): 1-105.
115. Gurr, Ted Robert. Why Men Rebel? Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1970.
116. Habib, Kamal. Tahawwulat al-Haraka al-Islamiyya wa al-Istratijiyya al-Amirikiyya [The Changes of Islamist Movement and the American Strategy]. Cairo: Masr al-Mahrousa, 2006.
117. Habib, Kamal. Al-Haraka al-Islamiyy: Min al-Muwagaha ila al-Muraja'a [The Islamic Movement: From Confrontation to Revision]. Cairo: Madbuli, 2002.
118. Hachani, Abdelkader. "Hachani fi Risala ila Bouteflika: al-Asbab Ghayr Muhaya'a lil Musalaha al-Watanniyya" [Hachani in a Letter to Bouteflika: The Conditions are not Ready for a National Reconciliation]. Al-Hayat, 22 December 1999, 6.
119. Hafez, Muhammad. "Armed Islamist Movements and Political Violence in Algeria." The Middle East Journal vol. 54, no. 4 (Autumn 2000).
120. Hafez, Muhammad. Why Muslims Rebel? Repression and Resistance in the Islamic World. London: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2003.
121. Hafiz, Usama. 2 February 2005. An Interview with Usama Hafiz. Interview by Salwa al- 'Awwa in Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya al-Musallaha fi Misr [The Armed Islamic Group of Egypt]. Cairo: Al-Shuruq, 2006.
122. Hafiz, Usama and Asim Abdul Majid. Mubadarit Waqf Al-' unf: Ru'ya Waqi'iya wa Nazra Shar'iya [Initiative for Ceasing Violence: A Realistic View and a Legitimate Perspective]. Cairo: Al-Turath al-Islami, 2002.
123. Haddam, Anwar. "Anwar N. Haddam: An Islamist Vision for Algeria." Interview by Daniel Pipes and Patrick Clawson. Middle East Quarterly vol. 3, no. 3 (September 1996).
124. Haddam, Anwar. "Huwar Ma' Anwar Haddam" [Interview with Anwar Haddam]. Nuqtit Nizam. Interview by Hassan Mu'awad. Al-' Arabiya Satellite Channel. 18 October 2006.
125. Al-Hakayima, Muhammad. "al-Hakayima Yarud 'ala al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya" [Al-Hakaiyma Replies Back to the Islamic Group]. Interview by Muhammad Salah. Al-Hayat. 9 September 2006, 6.
126. Hammuda, Adil. Sayyid Qut.b: Min al-Qaryah ila al-Mishnaqah [Sayyid Qutb: From the Village to the Gallows]. Cairo: Sina lil Nashr, 1987.
127. Hammuda, Adil. Ightiyal ra'is bi-al- watha'iq: asrar ightiyal Anwar al-Sadat [The Assassination of President with Documents: The Secrets of the Assassination of Anwar al-Sadat]. Cairo: Sina lil Nashr, 1985a.
128. Hammuda, Adil. Qanabil wa-Mas. ah.if: Qis.s. at Tt?nz.im al-Jihad [Bombs and Holy Books: The Story of The Jihad Organization]. Cairo: Sina lil Nashr, 1985b.
129. Hamrush, Ahmad. Qissat Thawrat 23 Yulyu [The Story of 23 July Revolution]. Beirut: al-Mu'assassa al-Arabiya, 1974.
130. Hamzeh, Nizar. "Lebanon's Hizbullah: From Islamic Revolution to Parliamentary Accommodation." Third World Quarterly vol. 14, no. 2 (June 1993): 321-337.
131. Hamzeh, Nizar. In the Path of Hizbullah. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 2004.
132. Hannoun, Louisa. Al-Intikhabat al-Jaza'iriya: al-Da' wa al-Dawa' [The Algerian Elections: The Disease and The Treatment]. Bila Hudud. Al-Jazeera Satellite Channel. Al-Doha. 22 May 2002, 09:35 GMT.
133. Harris, Christina. Nationalism and Revolution in Egypt: The Role of the Muslim Brotherhood. Stanford: Hoover Institute Publications, 1964.
134. Hashim, Salah. 'An Nash'at al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya bi Misr [On the Birth of the Islamic Group in Egypt]. Moragaat vol. 1, no. 1 (January 2000).
135. Hattab, Hassan. "La Ya'rif Al-jama'a Man Ya'tabr Anna Al-inhiraf Fiha Qadim" [Whoever Considers the GIA's Deviation an Old One, Does not Know the GIA]. Interview by Camille Al-Tawil. Al-Hayat, 5 April 1998, 6.
136. Hattab, Hassan. "Hassan Hattab: Nuryyd al-Takhali 'an al-' amal al-Musallah. Lakin Lana Matalib" [Hassan Hattab: We Want to Give-up Armed Activism. But We Have Demands]. Interview by Allam Bou Ghimrasa. Al-Sharq Al-Awsat, 15 October 2005, 6.
137. Hattab, Hassan. " 'akkad 'an al-' ilaqa ma' Ben Laden Kant wara' al-Khilaf ma' Tanzimuh. Hattab lil Hayat: Talaqayna Damanat min al-Sulta al-Jaz'iriya" [He Assured that the Relationship with Ben Laden was behind the Disagreement with his Organization. Hattab to al-Hayat: We got Guarantees from the Algerian Authorities]. Al-Hayat, 7 May 2007a, 8.
138. Hattab, Hassan. "Abu Hamza Nasha' fi 'a'ila Muhafiza. ." [Abu Hamza was Raised in a Conservative Family]. al-Hayat, 11 May 2007b, 6.
139. Al-Hudaybi, Hasan. "Hiwar Ma' Hasan al-Hudaybi" [Interview with Hasan al-Hudaybi]. al-Jumhur al-Masry, 15 October 1951, 3.
140. Al-Hudaybi, Hasan. Du'ah La Qudah [Preachers Not Judges]. Kuwait: al-Faysal al-Islami, 1985.
141. Human Rights Watch. "al-Jaza'ir Tatsaddar Duwal al-' Alim fi 'adad Halat "al-Ikhtifa' " al-Qassri" [Algeria Leads the Rest of the World in the Number of Forced "Disappearances"] (27 February 2003). http://hrw.org/arabic/docs/2003/02/27/algeri10645_txt.htm (accessed 9 January 2008).
142. Hussein, Muhammad. Interview by Camille al-Tawil in al-Haraka al-Islamiyya al-Musallaha fi al-Jaz'ir: Min al-Inqaz ila al-Jama'a [The Armed Islamic Movement in Algeria: From the FIS to the GIA]. Beirut: Dar al-Nahar, 1998.
143. Ibrahim, Nagih. Hatmiyyat al-Muwagaha [The Inevitability of Confrontation]. Cairo, 1990.
144. Ibrahim, Nagih. Hatmiyyat al-Muwagaha wa Fiqh al-Nata'ij [The Inevitability of Confrontation and the Jurisprudence of Results]. Cairo: Al-Abikan, 2005.
145. Ibrahim, Nagih. Da'wa lil Tasaluh ma' al-Mujtama' [A Call for Reconciliation with the Society]. Cairo: Al-Abikan, 2005.
146. Ibrahim, Nagih. Tahiyya Wajiba ila al-Duktur Sayyid Imam [A Necessary Salute to Dr. Sayyid Imam] (10 May 2007). http://egyig.com/Public/articles/announce/6/78784019.shtml (accessed 13 June 2007).
147. Ibrahim, Nagih and Ali al-Sharif. Hurmat al-Ghuluw fi al-Din wa Takfir al-Muslimiyn [Forbidding Extremism in Religion and Excommunicating Muslims]. Cairo: Al-Turath al-Islami, 2002.
148. Ibrahim, Nagih et al. Mithaq Al-' amal al-Islami [Islamic Action Charter]. Cairo, 1984.
149. Ibrahim, Nagih et al. Tajdid al-Khitab al-Dini [Renewing the Religious Rhetoric]. Cairo: al-Abikan, 2005a.
150. Ibrahim, Nagih et al. Hidayyat al-Khala'iq bayna al-Ghayat wa al-Wasa'il [Guidance of People between Means and Ends]. Cairo: al-Abikan, 2005b.
151. Ibrahim, Saad Eddine. "Anatomy of Egypt's Militant Islamic Groups." International Journal of Middle East Studies vol. 12, no. 4 (December 1980): 423-453.
152. Ibrahim, Saad Eddine. Egypt, Islam and democracy: critical essays, with a new postscript. Cairo, Egypt; New York: American University in Cairo Press, 2002.
153. Ibrahim, Saad Eddine. "Challenges for Islam and Democracy." A Lecture Given at the Law Faculty, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada: 19 February 2004.
154. Ibrahim, Saad Eddine. "Fi Rihab Hamas" [In the Company of Hamas]. al-Masry al-Youm, 22 April 2006, 13.
155. Ibrahim, Saad Eddine. Interview by author, 21 March 2007a. Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
156. Ibrahim, Saad Eddine. "Fi Rihab Hizbullah" [In the Company of Hizbullah]. al-Masry al-Youm, 27 January 2007b, 13.
157. IG Member. Interview by author. September 2002. Cairo, Egypt.
158. International Crisis Group. "Understanding Islamism." Middle East/North Africa report no. 37, 2 March 2005.
159. Islamic Group. "Ba'd al-Taghyir Hal Sa Taqulun Bi Jawaz Dukhul Majlis Al-Sha'ab?" [After the Transformations are You Going to Say that Entering the Parliament is Legitimate?] http://egyig.com/Public/articles/mobadra/6/45352142.shtml (accessed 3 January 2007).
160. Islamic Group Research Unit. Al-Ta'ifa al-Mumtani'a 'an Shari'a min Shara'i' al-Islam [The Desisting Party from a Law of Islamic Laws]. Cairo, 1998.
161. Islamic Group Research Unit. 'ilahun ma' Allah? I'lan al-Harb 'ala Majlis al-Sha'ab [Another God with Allah? Declaration of War on the People's Assembly]. Cairo, 1990.
162. Isma'il, Mamdouh. Huwair Ma' Muhami al-Jihad [Interview with the Lawyer of al-Jihad]. Al-Quds al-Arabi. 25 July 2007, 23.
163. Issa, Ibrahim. "Inqasam al-Ikhwan Hawl Afkar Qutb" [The Brothers were divided on Qutb's Thoughts]. Al-Hayat, 26 May 2004, 8a.
164. Issa, Ibrahim. " 'alima al-Murshid bi 'Amr Tanzim 1965" [The Murshid Knew about the 1965 Organization]. Al-Hayat, 27 May 2004, 8b.
165. Issa, Ibrahim. "Al-Murshid Rad 'ala al-Kha'ifyin min 'utruhat Qutb" [The Murshid Responds to those Who are Afraid of Qutb's Assumptions]. Al-Hayat, 28 May 2004c.
166. Izzat, Mahmud. Al-Amin al-' Amm lil Ikhwan al-Muslimiyn fi Hiwar Sarih Gidan [The Secretary General of the Muslim Brothers in a Very Genuine Interview]. Interview by Abdul Mu'iz Muhammad (23 October 2007) www.ikhwanonline.com. (accessed 7 November 2007).
167. Jabir, Muhammad. Al-Tariq ila Jama'at al-Muslimiyyn [The Way to the Muslim Group]. Cairo: Dar al-Wafaa, 1990.
168. Jahin, Salih. "al-Muttahham el-12 fi Qadiyyat Ightiyya al-Sadat" [The Defendant Number 12 in the Case of al-Sadat Assassination]. Interview by Ahmad al-Khatib, al-Jarida, 2 December 2007, 12.
169. Jam'iyat al-Ikhwan al-Muslimin [Society of the Muslim Brothers] - Qism al-' Usar. Nizam al-Usar [The Families Structure]. Egypt: Jam'iyat al-Ikhwan al-Muslimin, 1953.
170. Jeddi, Ali. Huwar Ma' Ali Jeddi [Interview with Ali Jeddi]. Al-Hayat. 14 January 2000, 8.
171. Jankowski, James. Young Egypt 1933-1952. Stanford: Hoover Institution Press, 1975.
172. Jansen, Johannes J.G. The Neglected Duty: the Creed of Sadat's Assassins and Islamic Resurgence in the Middle East. New York: Macmillan, 1986.
173. Al-Jihad Organization. Butlan Wilayat al-Darir [The Invalidity of the Rulership of a Blind Man]. Cairo, 1984.
174. Al-Jihad Organization. Falsafit al-Muwajaha [The Philosophy of Confrontation]. Cairo, 1989.
175. Johnsen, Gregory. "Terrorists in Rehab." Worldview vol. 17, no. 3 (Summer 2007).
176. Kabir, Mustafa. "Amir Manttiqatt al-Sharq al-Jaza'iri li Jaysh al-Inqadh: 'Awdatt al-Inqadh Mas'alat Waqt" [The Commander of the Algerian Eastern Zone in the Salvation Army: The Return of the FIS is a Matter of Time]. Al-Zaman, 2 February 2002, 8.
177. Kamal, Ahmad. Al-Nuqat Fawq al-Huruf: al-Ikhwan al-Muslimun wa al-Nizam al-Khas [Dots above Letters: The Muslim Brothers and The Special Regime]. Cairo: al-Zahraa, 1987.
178. Kalyvas, Stathis. "Commitment Problems in Emerging Democracies: The Case of Religious Parties." Comparative Politics vol. 32, no. 4 (July 2000): 379-398.
179. Kepel, Gilles. Muslim Extremism in Egypt: The Prophet and the Pharaoh. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989.
180. Kepel, Gilles. Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam. Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2002.
181. Kertali, Mustafa. "Mustafa Kertali Lil AlHayat: Musibat Qouasmi Fi Hashitih Zaytoni Wa Zawabri [Mustafa Kertali to Al-Hayat: The Disaster of al-Quasmi was in His Entourage Zaytoni and Zawabri]. Interview by Muhammad al-Muqadim. AlHayat, 8 February 2000, 8.
182. Kitschelt, Herbert. "Political Regime Change: Structure and Political Process-Driven Approaches?" American Political Science Review vol. 86, no. 4 (December 1992): 1028-1035.
183. Khaled, Shawqy. Muhakamat Fir'awn [The Trial of the Pharaoh]. Cairo: Sina lil Nashr, 1986.
184. Khalil, Ashraf. "General Fi Al-Sulta: 90% Min Al-' anasir Al-Musalaha Istajabat Lil Al-' afow" [General in the Authority: 90% of the Armed Elements Positively-Responded to the Amnesty]. Al-Sha'b, 7 March 2000, 7.
185. Kharbane, Qamar al-Din. "Interview with Qamar al-Din Kharbane." Interview by Camille al-Tawil in Al-Haraka al-Islamiyya al-Musallaha fi al-Jaz'ir: Min al-Inqaz ila al-Jama'a [The Armed Islamic Movement in Algera: From the FIS to the GIA]. Beirut: Dar al-Nahar, 1998, 179.
186. Al-Khatib, Ahmed. "Qiyadat min al-Jihad fi al-Kharij Tu'ayid Muraja'at al-TanzimDakhil al-Sujun" [Abroad Leaders form al-Jihad Supports the Revisions Done Inside the Prisons]. al-Masry al-Youm, 21 April 2007a, 1.
187. Al-Khatib, Ahmed. "Faqih Tanzim al-Jihad Yu'lin 'an Wathiqat Tarshid al-' amal al-Jihadiyya fi Khilal Ayyam" [The Cleric of the Jihad Organization will Declare the Document on Rationalizing Jihadi Action in a Few days]. Al-Masry al-Youm. 6 May 2007b, 1.
188. Khatab, Sayed. "Al-Hudaybi's Influence on the Development of Islamist Movements in Egypt." Muslim World vol. 19, no. 3 (Fall 2001): 451-470.
189. Kramer, Gudrün. "Islam and Pluralism." In Rex Brynen, Bahgat Korany and Paul Noble (eds.) Political Liberalization and Democratization in the Arab World: Theoretical Perspectives. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1995.
190. Kramer, Martin. The Islamism Debate. Tel Aviv: Moshe Dayan Center, 1997.
191. Labib, Mahmud. Humat al-Sallum [The Protectors of al-Sallum]. Cairo: Dar al-Ansar, 1980.
192. Langohr, Vickey. "Too Much Civil Society, Too Little Politics: Egypt and Liberalizing the Arab Regimes." Comparative Politics vol. 36, no. 2 (January 2004): 181-204.
193. Laremont, Ricardo. Islam and the Politics of Resistance in Algeria (1783-1992). Trenton: Africa World Press, 2000.
194. Layada, Abdul Haqq. Al-' yada lil Hayat: 'Assast al-Jama'a al-Musallaha Difa'an 'an al-Sha'b al-Jaza'iri wa Laysa li Qatluh [Layada to al-Hayat: I Founded the Armed Group to Defend the Algerian People and Not to Kill Them]. Interview by Camille al-Tawil. Al-Hayat, 6 June 2007, 6.
195. Lewis, Bernard. Political Language of Islam. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1991.
196. Lewis, Bernard. "Islam and Liberal Democracy: A Historical Overview." Journal of Democracy vol. 21, no. 4 (1996): 52-63.
197. Madani, Abbasi. "Abbasi Madani. al-Harb al-Ahliyya fi al-Jaza'ir - al-Juz' al-Thani" [Abbasi Madani. The Civil War in Algeria - Part Two]. Interview by Sami Kuleib. Ziyara Khassa [Special Visit]. Al-Jazeera Satellite Channel. 24 September 2004.
198. Madi, Abul 'ila. "Egypt's Wasat Party Offers a Moderate Islamist Alternative: An Interview with A. Madi." Daily Star (23 December 2005) www.dailystar.com.lb (accessed 27 December 2005).
199. Makhloufi, Said. "Makhaloufi Yuhadid al-Jama'a [Makhloufi Threatens the Group]. Al-Hayat, 21 February 1996, 6.
200. Mahfuz, Muhammad. Alladhina Zulimu [The Persecuted]. London: Riad al-Rayyes Books, 1988.
201. Manoech, Richard. "The May 1984 Elections in Egypt and the Question of Egypt's Stability." In Linda Layne (ed.) Election in The Middle East. Boulder, CO: Westview, 1987.
202. Mansur, Ahmad. "al-Ikhwan al-Muslimun Kama Yarahum Farid Abdul Khaliq" [The Muslim Brothers are perceived by Farid Abdul Khaliq]. Shahid 'ala al-' Asr. Al-Jazeera Satellite Channel. 7 December 2003 to 7 March 2004.
203. Marani, Ahmad. "Marani lil Hayat: Belhaj lam Yuwjih Ayy Risala Ila Bouteflika" [Marani to al-Hayat: Belhaj Did Not Address any Letter to Bouteflika]. Interview by Camille al-Tawil. Al-Hayat, 5 October 1999, 6.
204. McAdam, Doug et al. Dynamics of Contention. Cambridge, UK; New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001.
205. Al-Minawy, Abdul Latif. Shahid 'ala Waqf al-' unf [A Witness of Ceasing Violence]. Cairo: Atlas, 2005.
206. Mitchell, Richard P. The Society of the Muslim Brothers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1969.
207. Mitchell, Richard P. Al-Ikhwan al-Muslimun [The Muslim Brothers] [with Commentary of Salih Abu Ruqayq] [No Place Listed]: [No Publisher Listed], 1979.
208. Mehri, Abdelhamid. "Interview with Abdelhamid Mehri." Interview by Camille al-Tawil in Al-Haraka al-Islamiyya al-Musallaha fi al-Jaz'ir: Min al-Inqaz ila al-Jama'a [The Armed Islamic Movement in Algera: From the FIS to the GIA]. Beirut: Dar al-Nahar, 1998, 183-184.
209. Mezraq, Madani. "al-Nida' al-Awal: Kalimat Haqq Liman Yuhimuhu al-' Amr" [The First Communiqué: Righteous Words to Whom It May Concern]. Algeria: [No publisher], March 1995a.
210. Mezraq, Madani. "al-Nida' al-Thani" [The Second Communiqué]. Algeria: [No publisher], 1 April 1995b.
211. Mezraq, Madani. "A Meeting with Madani Mezraq: the National Emir of the Islamic Salvation Army." Interview by Maysoon Azzam. Mashahid wa Ara'. Al-' Arabiya Satellite Channel. 18 October 2004.
212. Mezraq, Madani. "Mezraq lil Hayat: Jihat fi al-Hukum Kant Tuharik al-Ahhdath" [Mezraq to al-Hayat: Factions in the Regime were Moving the Events]. Interview by Muhammad al-Muqaddim, al-Hayat, 8 March 2005a, 8.
213. Mezraq, Madani. "al-Rajul al-Awal fi al-Jaysh al-Islami lil Inqadh Yuqawim Tajribat al-Amal al-Musallah fi al-Jaza'ir" [The First Man in Islamic Salvation Army Evaluates the Experience of Armed Action in Algeria]. Interview by Muhammad al-Muqaddim, al-Hayat, 9 March 2005b, 8.
214. Mezraq, Madani. "al-Jaza'ir: al-Jinah al-Musallah lil Inqaz Yu'id li Tashkil Hizb Siyasi" [The Armed Wing of the FIS Prepares for Establishing a Political Party]. Interview by Bou Allam Ghimrasa, al-Sharq al-Awsat, 2 June 2007, 4.
215. Mezraq, Madani. "Madani Mezraq. Na'm Aqsayyna al-Shiyukh al-FIS li Annahum Kanu Asra al-GIA" [Madani Mezraq. Yes We Removed the FIS Sheikhs Because they were Captives of the GIA]. Interview by Wazna Husam www.chihab.net (accessed 16 February 2008).
216. Mubarak, Hisham. Al-Irhabiyyun Qadimun! [The Terrorists are Coming!]. Cairo: al-Mahrousa, 1995.
217. Muhammad, Mohsen. Man Qatal Hasan al-Banna? [Who Killed Hasan al-Banna?]. Cairo: Dar al-Shuruq, 1987.
218. Muqqadim, Muhammad. "Madani fi Janazit Hachani" [Madani in the Funeral of Hachani]. Al-Hayat, 24 November 1999, 6.
219. Muqqadim, Muhammad. "Bouteflika 'General' Wahid fi al-Jaza'ir" [Bouteflika is a Lone "General" in Algeria]. Al-Hayat, 14 February 2005a, 6.
220. Muqqadim, Muhammad. "Bouteflika Yatlub Al-' afuw 'an 'Al-Ta'ibiyn' " [Bouteflika Demands Amnesty for the "Repentants"]. Al-Hayat, 5 September 2005b, 6.
221. Muqqadim, Muhammad. "I'taraf lil Muhaqiqin bi Qatluh Zawjatuh wa Waladayh wa 15 Tiflan wa 15 'imra'h. ." [Confessed to the Investigators that he Killed his Wife, his Two Kids, 15 Children and 15 Women. .]. Al-Hayat, 22 March 2007, 6.
222. Mursi, Fu'ad. Hiwar Ma' Fu'ad Mursi [Interview with Fu'ad Mursi]. Interviewed by Abdul Azim Ramadan in Al-Ikhwan al-Muslimun wa al-Tanzim al-Sirri [The Muslim Brothers and the Secret Organization]. Cairo: al-Hay'a al-' amma lil Kitab, 1993.
223. Nasr, Salah. Salah Nasr Yatadhakkar: al-Mukhabarat wa al-Thawra [Salah Nasr Remembers: The Intelligence and the Revolution]. Cairo: Mu'assasat Ruz al-Yusuf, 1984.
224. Nawaz, Majid. "Muffakir Hizb al-Tahrir Yutalliq al-Usuliyya [The Ideology of the Liberation Party Divorces Fundamentalism]. Interview by Muhammad al-Shaf'i. al-Sharq al-Awsat, 17 September 2005, 1, 5.
225. Olimov, Muzzafar, Soadat Olimova. "Region Early Warning Report: Political Islam in Tajikistan." Forum on Early Warnings, 31 July 2001, 10-26.
226. Oyahia, Ahmad. "al-Jaza'ir Tu'lin Maqqtal 17 Alf Musallah Munzu Bidayyat al-' Unf" [Algeria Declares the Death of 17 Thousand Armed Men since the Beginning of the Violence]. Interview by Bou Allam Ghimrasa. 22 March 2007, 1, 6.
227. Przeworski, Adam. Capitalism and Social Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986.
228. Qaradawi, Yusuf. "al-Mas'uliyya al-Shar'iyya 'an Ahdath al-Jaza'ir" [The Legitimate Responsibility for the Algerian Events]. Al-Shari'a wa al-Hayat. Al-Jazeera Satellite Channel. 1 February 1998.
229. Qaradawi, Yusuf. "al-Mas'uliyya al-Shar'iyya 'an Ahdath al-Jaza'ir" [The Legitimate Responsibility for the Algerian Events]. Al-Shari'a wa al-Hayat. Al-Jazeera Satellite Channel. 1 February 1998.
230. Qa'ud, Ibrahim. Umar al-Tilmisani Shahidan 'ala al-' asr [Umar al-Tilmisani: A Witnesses on the Times]. Cairo: Al-Mukhtar al-Islami, 1985.
231. Qasim, Tala'at. Masra' Fir'awn Misr [The Death of the Egyptian Pharaoh]. 1993.
232. Qasim, Tala'at. Friday Sermon. Cassette, 1994.
233. Qumazi, Kamal. Interview with Kamal Qamazi. Al-Hayat, 12 January 2000, 8.
234. Qutb, Muhammad. Mazahib Fikriyya Mu'asira [Contemporary Intellectual Ideologies]. Cairo: Dar al-Shuruq, 1983.
235. Qutb, Sayyid. Limdha 'a'damuni? [Why Did They Execute Me?]. Cairo: [No Publisher], 1965.
236. Qutb, Sayyid. Ma'alim Fi al-Tariq [Milestones]. Cairo: Dar al-Shuruq, [no date].
237. Qutb, Sayyid. Fi Zilal al-Qur'an [In Shadows of the Qur'an]. Cairo: Dar al-Shuruq, 1985.
238. Ra'if, Ahmad. al-Bawwaba al-Sawda' [The Black Gate]. Cairo: al-Zahra', 1986.
239. Ramadan, Abdul Azim. Al-Ikhwan al-Muslimun wa al-Tanzim al-Sirri [The Muslim Brothers and the Secret Organization]. Cairo: al-Hay'a al-' amma lil Kitab, 1993.
240. Rashwan, Diaa. "Hal Yakun al-Sijin Akthar Rahma min al-Watan?" [Can the Prison be More Merciful than the Homeland]" al-Masry al-Youm, 23 August 2007, 6.
241. Roberts, Hugh. "The Islamists, the Democratic Opposition and the Search for a Political Solution in Algeria." Review of African Political Economy vol. 22, no. 64 (June 1995): 237-245.
242. Roberts, Hugh. "France and the Lost Honor of Algeria's Army." Times Literary Supplement, 12 October 2001, 3.
243. Robinson, Glenn. "Can Islamists be Democrats? The Case of Jordan." Middle East Journal vol. 51, no. 3 (Summer 1997): 373-388.
244. Roy, Oliver. The Failure of Political Islam. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1994.
245. Rushdi, Usama. Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya wa Khurujiha Min Mu'askar al-' unf [The Islamist group and Its Exit from the Camp of Violence]. Interview by Malek al-Trieky. Qadaya al-Sa'a. Al-Jazeera Satellite Channel. 1 October 2005.
246. Al-Sabbagh, Mahmud. Al-Taswib al-Amin lima Katabahu Ba'du al-Qada al-Sabiqiyn 'an al-Tanzim al-Khaz lil Ikhwan al-Muslimiyn [The Honest Correction for What Some of the Former Commanders have Written on the Special Organization of the Muslim Brothers]. Cairo: Al-Turath al-Islami, 1998.
247. Sahrawi, Nabil. "Laqa' ma' Abu Ibrahim Mustafa" [Meeting with Abu Ibrahim Mustafa]. In Camille al-Tawil's Al-Qa'ida wa Akhawatiha [al-Qa'ida and Its Sisters]. Beirut: Dar al-Saqqi, 2007, 242.
248. Salah, Mohammed. "al-Qahira Tuqir bi-Itlaq A'da' al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya 'ala Duf'at" [Cairo Admits Releasing Islamic Group Members in Groups]. Al-Hayat, 13 April 2006, 6.
249. Salah, Mohammed. "al-Sulutat al-Masriyya Tutliq Ithnan min Qadat al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya" [The Egyptian Authorities Release Two of the Leaders of the Islamic Group]. Al-Hayat, 3 October 2003, 1.
250. Salamé, Gassan (ed.) Democracy Without Democrats? The Renewal of Politics in the Muslim World. London: IB Tauris, 1994.
251. Sahnoni, al-Hashmi. "Al-Hashmi Sahnoni Yarwi Lil Hayat Tafasil Sira' Al-Ajniha Dakhil Al-Jabha" [Al-Hashmi Sahnoni Tells Al-Hayat the Details of the Factional Dispute Inside the Front]. Interview by Abd Al-' ali Razaqi. Al-Hayat, 13 March 2000, 14.
252. Samraoui, Mohamed. "Tafasil Al-Inqilab 'ala Al-Dimuqratiya Fi Al-Jaza'ir: Huwar Ma' Al-' akid Muhammad Al-Samrawy" [The Details of the Coup Against Democracy in Algeria: An Interview with Colonel Muhammad Samrawy]. 6 August 2001. www.aljazeera.net/programs/no_limits/articles/2001/8/8-6-1.htm#L1 (accessed 27 December 2002).
253. Samraoui, Mohamed. Chronique des Années de Sang: Algérie, Comment les Services Secrets ont Manipulé les Groupes Islamistes. Paris: Denoël, 2003.
254. Sartori, Giovanni. "Opposition and Control: Problems and Prospects." Government and Opposition vol. 1, no. 1 (Winter 1966).
255. Al-Saydawi, Riyad. "al-Thabit wa al-Mutahwil fi al-Nizam al-Siyasi al-Jaza'iri" [The Static and the Dynamic in the Algerian Political Regime]. Al-Zaman, 1 January 2002, 17.
256. Scheuer, Michael. "Coalition Warfare: How al-Qa'ida Uses the World Islamic Front Against Crusaders and Jews?" In Christopher Heffelfinger (ed.) Unmasking Terror. Washington, DC: Jamestown, 2005.
257. Schwedler, Jillian. Faith in Moderation: Islamist Parties in Jordan and Yemen. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
258. Sivan, E. Radical Islam: Medieval Theology and Modern Politics. New Haven, Yale University Press, 1985.
259. Shadi, Salah. Safahat Min al-Tarikh [Pages from History]. Kuwait: al-Shu'a', 1981.
260. Shahin, Emad. Political Ascent: Contemporary Islamic Movements in North Africa. Oxford: Westview Press, 1997.
261. Al-Shaf'i, Hussein. Interview by Ahmad Mansur in Shahid 'ala al-' Asr. Al-Jazeera Satellite Channel. 25 September 1999 to 7 December 1999.
262. Al-Shaf'i, Muhammad. "Munazir al-Qa'ida Yidin" [The Ideologue of al-Qa'ida Condemns]. Al-Sharq al-Awsat, 6 May 2007.
263. Al-Shahary, Abdul Fattah. "Muwajahat al-' Unf Bi al-Huwar la Bi al-Nar" [Confronting Violence with Dialogue not with Fire]. (1 June 2004) www.islamonline.net (accessed 14 January 2007).
264. Al-Sharif, Ali and Usama Hafiz. Al-Nusih Wa al-Tabiyyin fi Tashih Mafahim al-Muhtasibin [Advice and Clarification to Correct the Understandings of Moral Police]. Cairo: Al-Turath al-Islami, 2002.
265. Al-Sharif, Sayyid. "Al-Duktur Fadl Yad'u Jama'at al-Jihad ila Tarshid 'Amaliyatiha" [Dr. Fadl Calls on the Jihad Groups to Rationalize its Operations]. Al-Hayat, 6 May 2007a, 1.
266. Al-Sharif, Sayyid. Wathiqat Tarshid al-Jihad fi Misr wa al-' Alam [Document for Guiding Jihad in Egypt and the World]. Al-Jarida. 8 November-4 December 2007, 12-13.
267. Al-Sharif, Sayyid. Hiwar Ma' Dr. Fadl [Interview with Dr. Fadl]. Interview by Muhammad Salah. Parts 1 to 6. al-Hayat. 7-13 December 2007, 8.
268. Al-Sharif, Isma'il. Isma'il Nigl al-Duktur Fadl Yarwi [Isma'il son of Dr. Fadl Talks]. Interview by Rami Ibrahim. Parts 1-3. 26-28 November 2007, 7.
269. Al-Sheikh, Yusuf. Ajnihat Al-Inqaz [The Wings of the Salvation]. Beirut: AlArif, 1993.
270. Sheikhy, Umar. Amir al-Akhdariyya Yakshif Asrar al-Jabal [The Emir of Al-Akhdariyya Uncovers the Secrets of the Mountain]. Interview by Camille al-Tawil. Al-Hayat, 7 June 2007, 10.
271. Al-Siba'i, Hani. "Al-Islami al-Misri Hani al-Siba'i Yarwi Qisat Ta'sis al-Jihad" [The Egyptian Islamist Hani al-Siba'i Tells the Story of the Foundation of al-Jihad Organization]. Interview by Camille Al-Tawil. Al-Hayat, 1 September 2002a, 10.
272. Al-Siba'i, Hani. "Al-Islami al-Misri Hani al-Siba'i Yarwi Qisat al-Khilaf Ma' al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya" [The Egyptian Islamist Hani al-Siba'i Tells the Story of the Disagreement with the Islamic Group]. Interview by Camille Al-Tawil. Al-Hayat, 2 September 2002b, 10.
273. Al-Siba'i, Hani. "Al-Islami al-Misri Hani al-Siba'i Yakshif Qisat Intiqal Imarat al-Jihad min Imam ila al-Zawhri" [The Egyptian Islamist Hani al-Siba'i Uncovers the Transfer of Leadership of al-Jihad from Imam to al-Zawahri]. Interview by Camille Al-Tawil. Al-Hayat, 3 September 2002c, 10.
274. Al-Siba'i, Hani. "Al-Islami al-Misri Hani al-Siba'i Yarwi al-Ikhtiraq" [The Egyptian Islamist Hani al-Siba'i Tells the Story of Infiltration]. Interview by Camille Al-Tawil. Al-Hayat, 4 September 2002d, 10.
275. Sidawy, Riyadh. "Limadha lam Tashhad al-Jabha al-Islamiyya lil Inqadh Za'iman Karizmiyyan" [Why Didn't the FIS Witness a Charismatic Leader?]. Al-Huwar al-Mutamaddin, 29 October 2007, 16.
276. Sidawy, Riyadh. "al-Thabit wa al-Mutahawil fi al-Nizam al-Siyasi al-Jaza'iri" [The Constants and the Variables in the Algerian Political System]. Al-Zaman, 1 January 2002, 17. Siddiq, Yusuf. Interview with Colonel Yusuf Siddiq. Al-Masry, 26 March 1954, 5. Siringoringo, Saut. Indonesian Counsellor in Ottawa. Meeting with author. 12 March 2007.
277. Al-Sisi, Abbas. Fi Qafilat al-Ikhwan al-Muslimiyn [In the Caravan of the Muslim Brothers]. Assyut, 1986.
278. Snyder, David and William Kelly. "Strategies for Investigating Violence and Social Change." In Mayer Zald and JD McCarthy (eds.), Dynamics of Social Movements. Cambridge: Winthrop, 1979.
279. Souaidia, Habib. "Al-Mazabih Fi Al-Jaza'ir: Huwar Ma' Al-Mulazim Habib Souaidia" [The Massacres in Algeria: An Interview with Lieutenant Habib Souaidia]. Bila Hudud. Al-Jazeera Satellite Channel. Al-Doha. 19 February 2001, 18:35 GMT.
280. Souaidia, Habib. Al-Harb al-Qadhira [The Dirty War]. Translated by Rose Makhlouf. Damascus: Ward Publications, 2002.
281. State Security General. Interview by author. October 2002. Cairo, Egypt.
282. State Security Major. Interview by author. October 2002. Cairo, Egypt
283. Sultan, Essam. Interview by author. 11 August 2000. Cairo, Egypt.
284. Al-Suri, Abu Mus'ab. Mukhtasar Shahadaty 'ala al-Jihad fi al-Jaza'ir [The Summary of My Testimony on the Jihad in Algeria]. Afghanistan: [No Publisher], [No Date].
285. Taniyici, Saban. The Transformation of Political Islam in Turkey. PhD Dissertation. Pittsburgh: Pittsburgh University, 2003.
286. Tarrow, Sydney. "States and Opportunities: The Political Structuring of Social Movements." In Doug McAdam et al. (eds.), Comparative Perspectives on Social Movements. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.
287. Al-Tawil, Camille. Al-Haraka al-Islamiyya al-Musallaha fi al-Jaz'ir: Min al-Inqaz ila al-Jama'a [The Armed Islamic Movement in Algera: From the FIS to the GIA]. Beirut: Dar al-Nahar, 1998.
288. Al-Tawil, Camille. "A Meeting with Madani Mizraq, the National Emir of the Islamic Salvation Army." Interview by Maysoon Azzam. Mashahid wa Ara'. Al-' Arabiya Satellite Channel. 18 October 2004.
289. Al-Tawil, Camille. Al-Qiyadiyan Dr. Fadl wa Abdul Aziz al-Gamal Yazhara [Commanders Dr. Fadl and Abdul Aziz al-Gamal Show Up]. Al-Hayat, 22 March 2007a, 1.
290. Al-Tawil, Camille. "al-Qa'ida fi 'Ard al-Kinana Tarfud Muraja'at al-Jihad" [al-Qa'ida in the Land of the Quiver Refuses the Revisions of al-Jihad]. 13 June 2007b, 1.
291. Al-Tawil, Camille. "al-Qa'ida Tu'any Khilafat Bayna 'Umar'iha" [al-Qa'ida Suffers Disagreements between its Commanders]. Al-Hayat, 5 June 2007c, 6.
292. Al-Tawil, Camille. Al-Qa'ida wa Akhawatiha [al-Qa'ida and Its Sisters]. Beirut: Dar al-Saqqi, 2007d.
293. Al-Tawil, Camille. "al-Muqtila Turid min Qaditiha fi Afghanistan wa Iran al-Musharaka fi Hiwariha ma' al-Amn al-Libiy" [The Fighting Group Wants its Commanders in Iran Afghanistan to Participate in the Dialogue with the Libyan Security]. Al-Hayat, 28 January 2007e, 6.
294. Tessler, Mark. "The Origins of Support for Islamist Movements." In John Entelis (ed.) Islam, Democracy, and the State in North Africa. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1997.
295. Tessler, Mark. "Islam and Democracy in the Middle East: The Impact of Religious Orientations on Attitudes Towards Democracy in Four Arab Countries." Comparative Politics vol. 34 (April 2002): 337-354.
296. Al-Tilmisani, Umar. Interview by Ibrahim Qa'ud in Umar al-Tilmisani Shahidan 'ala al-'asr [Umar al-Tilmisani: A Witnesses on the Times]. Cairo: Al-Mukhtar al-Islami, 1985.
297. Al-Tilmisani, Umar. Dhikrayat la Mudhakkarat [Memories Not Memoirs]. Cairo: Dar al-Tawzi' wa al-Nashr al-Islamiyya, 1988.
298. Tilly, Charles. From Mobilization to Revolution. Reading: Addison-Wesley, 1978.
299. Trotsky, Leon. The History of the Russian Revolution. New York: Monad Press, 1961.
300. Umar, Ahmad. Assyut Madinat al-Nar: Asrar wa Waqa'i' al-' Unf. Cairo: Dar Sphinx, 1994.
301. Uthman, Wael. Asrar al-Haraka Al-Tullabiyya, 1968-1975 [The Secrets of the Student Movement, 1968-1975]. Cairo: Madkur, 1976.
302. Unnamed AIS commander. "Lan Nuqqadim Tanazulat Aukhra wa lil Ka'ba Rabbun Yahmiha" [We Will not Give other Concession and There is a God to Protect the Grand Mosque]. Interview by Muhammad Muaqqadim. Al-Hayat, 28 December 1999, 14.
303. Unnamed Algerian Security Official. "al-Qa'ida Tu'any Khilafat Bayna 'Umar'iha" [al- Qa'ida Suffers Disagreements between its Commanders]. Interview by Camille Al-Tawil. Al-Hayat, 5 June 2007, 6.
304. Unnamed Former GIA Member. Interview by Camille al-Tawil in al-Haraka al-Islamiyya al-Musallaha fi al-Jaz'ir: Min al-Inqaz ila al-Jama'a [The Armed Islamic Movement in Algeria: From the FIS to the GIA]. Beirut: Dar al-Nahar, 1998, 130.
305. Wafa, Izel and W. Isaac. "What is the GIA?" In Youcef Bedjaoui et al. (eds.) An Inquiry into the Algerian Massacres. Plan-les- Ouates, Genève: Hoggar, 1999, 373-459.
306. Waly, Abul Zahra'. "Al-Azma Al-Jaza'riya - Ru'ya Mustaqbaliya" [The Algerian Crisis - A Future Vision]. Minbar Al-Sharq, 28 March 1995, 102-134.
307. Wickham, Carrie. "The Path to Moderation: Strategy and Learning in the Formation of Egypt's Wasat Party." Comparative Politics vol. 36, no 2 (January 2004): 205-228.
308. Wickham, Carrie. Mobilizing Islam: Religious Activism and Political Change in Egypt. New York: Columbia Press, 2002.
309. Wicktorowicz, Quintan (ed.) Islamic Activism: Social Movement Theory Approach. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2004.
310. Willis, Michael. The Islamist Challenge in Algeria: A Political History. Washington Square, NY: New York University Press, 1997.
311. Yavus, Hakan. The Emergence of a New Turkey: Democracy and the AK Parti. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 2006.
312. Yous, Nasurllah. Qui a Tué à Bentalha? Paris: La Découverte, 2007.
313. Yukl, G. Leadership in Organizations. New-Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1998.
314. Yusuf, Mamduh. Interview with Mamduh A. Yusuf, Former Leader of IG Armed Wing. Interview by Salwa al-' Awwa in al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya al-Musallaha fi Misr [The Armed Islamic Group in Egypt]. Cairo: Al-Shuruq, 2006.
315. Al-Za'atra, Yassir. "Al-Ikhwan al-Muslimun. Hal min Khutut Humr li Furu'ihim fi al-Aqtar?" [The Muslim Brothers. Are There Any Red Lines for their Branches in Other Countries?]. Al-Hayat, 24 November 2005, 10.
316. Zaki, Muhammad. Al-Ikhwan al-Muslimin wa al-Mujtama' al-Misri [The Muslim Brothers and the Egyptian Society]. Cairo: Maktabat al-Wahda, 1980.
317. Al-Zawahri, Ayman. Al-Hasad al-Mur lil Ikhwan al-Muslimin [The Bitter Harvest of the Muslim Brothers]. Beirut: Dar al-Bayariq, 1993.
318. Al-Zawahri, Ayman. An Interview with Ayman Al-Zawahri. Interview by Hisham Mubarak in Mubarak, Hisham. Al-Irhabiyyun Qadimun! [The Terrorists are Coming!]. Cairo: al-Mahrousa, 1995.
319. Al-Zawahri, Ayman. "al-Hijar ila Afghanistan wa al-Tahawul li Istihdaf al-Masalih al-Amrikiyya: al-Sharq al-Awsat Tanshur Kitab al-Zawhri Aw al-Wassiya al-Akhira" [The Migration to Afghanistan and the Transformation to Target American Interests: Al-Sharq al-Awsat Publishes the Book of al-Zawahri or his Last Will]. Al-Sharq al-Awasat, 2 December 2002, 10.
320. Al-Zawahri, Ayman. Firsan Taht Rayat al-Nabiyy [Knights Under the Flag of the Prophet]. [No Place Listed]: [No Publisher Listed], [No Date].
321. Al-Zawahri, Ayman. Al-Tabri'ah [The Vindication]. [No Place Listed]: [No Publisher Listed], [No Date].
322. Al-Zayyat, Muntasir. Ayman al-Zawahri Kama 'ariftuh [Ayman al-Zawahri as I Knew Him]. Cairo: Dar Misr al-Mahrusa, 2002.
323. Al-Zayyat, Muntasir. Al-Jama'at al-Islammiyya: Ru'ya min al-Dakhil [The Islamist Groups: An Insider Perspective]. Cairo; Masr al-Mahrusa, 2005.
324. Al-Zayyat, Muntasir. "Muhami Al-Usuliyyin: Mawqifi Sa'b Fi Bulaq al-Dakrur" [The Lawyer of the Fundamentalists: My Situation is Difficult in Bulaq al-Dakrur]. al-Sharq al-Awsat, 9 November 2005, 5.
325. Al-Zayyat, Muntasir. "Huwar ma' al-Zayyat" [Interview with al-Zayyat]. Interviewed by Ahmad al-Khatib, al-Masry al-Youm, 17 November 2007, 5.
326. Zinah, Abdu, "Mu'assyis al-Jama'a al-Islammiya: Nastab'id Ta'sis Hizb Siyasi wa Nad'u al-Dawla Ila al-Tagawob ma' al-Mubadara" [The Founder of the Islamic Group: We Will Not Establish a Political Party and We Call on the State to Cooperate with the Initiative]." Al-Sharq al-Awsat, 22 February, 2002, 1.
327. Zinah, Abdu. "al-Jama'a al-Islammiya Fi Misr Tulghi Manahijiha Wa Tastabdil Kutub al-Ikhwan Biha" [The Islamic Group in Egypt Rescinds its Curriculums and Replaces them with the Brothers' Books]. Al-Sharq al-Awsat, 8 June 2003, 16.
328. Zinah, Abdu. "Qiyadat al-Jihad Dakhil al-Sujun al-Masriyya Ta'kuf 'ala I'dad Bayan Mubadarit Waqf al-' unf" [The Commanders of al-Jihad inside Egyptian Prisons are Engaging in Preparing a Communiqué for an Initiative for Ceasing Violence]. Al-Sharq al-Awsat, 19 April 2007a, 1.
329. Zinah, Abdu. "Al-' amn al-Masry Yutliq Akbar Qiyadi bi Tanzim al-Jihad Ba'd Sijnuh 26 'aman"[The Egyptian Security Releases the Highest Ranking Commander in the Jihad Organization after 26 Years of Detention]. Al-Hayat, 21 April 2007b.
330. Zitouni, Jamal. Hidayat Rabb al-' Alamin fi Tabyin Usul al-Salafiyin wa ma Yajib min al-'Ahd 'ala al-Mujahidin [The Guidance of the Lord of the Worlds in Clarifying the Fundamentals of Salafists and the Requirement of Allegiance among Holy Fighters]. Algeria, 1995.
331. Zitouni, Jamal. "al-Sawa'iq al-Hariqqa fi Bayan Hukum al-Jaz'ara al-Mariqa" [The Burning Lightening in Showing the Verdict on the Heretic Jaz'ara]. Al-Jama'a, 5 January 1996.
332. Zitout, Mohamed. "Algerian Elections." Interview by Hasan al-Rashidy. Al-Jazeera Satellite Channel. 15 May 1999.
333. Zollner, Barbara. "Prison Talk: The Muslim Brotherhood's Internal Struggle During Gamal Abdel Nasser Persecution, 1954 to 1971." International Journal of Middle East Studies vol. 39, no. 3 (August 2007): 411-433.
334. Al-Zouabri, Antar. "Sadd al-li'am 'an Hawzat al-Islam" [Repelling the Evil People from the Core of Islam]. Algeria, 1999.
335. Al-Zouabri, Ramadan. "Shaqiq Amir al-Jama'a Yalja' ila Britanya" [The Brother of the Emir of the Group Seeks Refuge in Britain]. Interview by Camille al-Tawil. Al-Hayat, 20 February 1999, 7.
336. Zubaida, Sami. "Islam in Contemporary Egypt: Civil Society Versus the State." American Political Science Review vol. 95, no. 1 (March 2001): 246.
337. Zuhdi, Karam. "Interview with Karam Zuhdi." Liqa' Khas. Al-Jazeera Satellite Channel. Cairo. 23 August 2006, 12:30 GMT.
338. Zuhdi, Karam et al. Istratijiyat wa Tafjirat al-Qa'ida: al-Akhta' wa al-Akhtar [The Strategy and the Bombings of al-Qa'ida: The Mistakes and Dangers]. Cairo: al-Turath al-Islami, 2002.
339. Zuhdi, Karam et al. Nahr al-Zikrayat [River of Memories]. Cairo: al-Turath al-Islami, 2003.
340. Zuhdi, Karam et al. Tafjirat al-Riyadh: Al-Ahkam wa al-Athar [The Riyadh Bombings: The Rulings and the Effects]. Cairo: al-Turath al-Islami, 2003.
341. Al-Zumur, 'Abbud. Hiwarat wa Wath'iq [Dialogues and Documents]. Giza: Markaz al-Hadara lil I'lam wa al-Nashr, 1990.