The political ecology of water scarcity the 1989-1991 Athenian drought

In the Nature of Cities: Urban Political Ecology and the Politics of Urban Metabolism

Volumn , Issue , 2005, Pages 157-172

  Kaika, Maria ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

^b St Edmund Hall ^*  (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84909130663     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9780203027523     Document Type: Chapter

References (144)

1. Ashman, L. ,J. de la Vega J. elaVega,M. Dohan M. ohan,A. Fisher A., Fisher R.Hippler (1993) Seeds of Change: Strategies for Food Security for the Inner City. University of California Graduate School of Architecture and Urban Planning
2. Bloch, E. (1986 The Principle of Hope, Vol. 1 Cambridge: MIT Press
3. Dirks, R. (2003) "Diet and nutrition in poor and minority communities in the United States100 years ago", Annual Review of Nutrition, 23(1): 81-101
4. Dréze, J. andA.Sen(1989 Hunger and Public Action. Oxford: Clarendon Press
5. Eisenhauer, E. (2001)"In poor health: supermarket redlining and urban nutrition", (GeoJournal, 53(2): 125-133
6. Engels, F. (1872)(1958) The Condition of the Working Class in England. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press
7. Engels, F .(1880)(1970). (1880) Socialism: Utopian and Scientific
8. Engels, F (1881)June 2004"A fair day's wages for a fair day's work", Labour Standard, No., May 7. Online. Available HTTP://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1881/05/07.htm (accessed
9. Food Research and Action Center (FRAC) (2004)State of the States: 2004: A Profile of
10. Gottlieb, R. (2001)Environmentalism Unbound: Exploring New Pathways for Change. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press
11. Greenwood, D.J. and Levin M. evin(1998)Introduction to Action Research: Social research forSocial Change. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications
12. Grigg, D. (1993)The World Food Problem. Oxford and Cambridge.MA: Blackwell
13. Guyton A.C. (1991) Textbook of Medical Physiology. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders
14. Haraway D. 1991 Simians, Cyborgs and Women. The Reinvention of Nature. London: Free Association Books
15. Haraway D. 1997 Modest_Witness@Second_Millenium.FemaleMan_Meets_OncoMouseTM. London: Routledge
16. Harvey D. (1973) Social Justice and the City. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Publishers
17. Harvey, D. 1998) "The body as an accumulation strategy" Environment and Planning D:Society and Space, tegy", 16: 401-421
18. Harvey D. (2000) Spaces of Hope. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press
19. Heynen, N. and H.A. Perkins(2005) "Scalar dialectics in green: urban private property andthe contradictions of the neoliberalization of nature", Capitalism Nature Socialism, 16(1): 99-113
20. Kahn, B.E. and L. Mcalister (1997 Grocery Revolution: The New Focus on the Consumer. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley
21. Katz C. 2004 Growing Up Global: Economic Restructuring and Children's EverydayLives. Minneapolis, MA: University of Minnesota Press
22. Keil, R. and J. Graham (1998) "Reasserting nature: Constructing urban environments after Fordism", in B. Braun and N. Castree (eds) Remaking Reality - Nature at the Millenium. London: Routledge
23. King, R.F. (2000)Budgeting Entitlements: The Politics of Food Stamps. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press
24. Kirby A. Kirby(1994)"Finding fairness in America's cities? The search for environmental equity in everyday life", Journal of Social Issues, 50(3): 121-139
25. Lappé F. Collins P. 1998 World Hunger: Twelve Myths :TwelveMyths. New York: GrovePress
26. Lefebvre H. (1991) Everyday Life in the Modern World. New York: Harper & Row
27. Lefebvre, H (2002) Critique of Everyday Life, Vol. 2: Foundations for a Sociology of the Everyday. London and New York: Verso
28. Levenstein H. 1988 Revolution at the Table: The Transformation of the American Diet. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press
29. Levenstein H. 1993 Paradox of Plenty: A Social History of Eating in Modern America. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press
30. Levins, R. and R. Lewontin (1985) The Dialectical Biologist. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
31. Marcuse, H. 1972) Counterrevolution and Revolt. Boston, MA: Beacon Press
32. Marston, S.A. ( McMaster R.B. 2004 long way from home: Domesticating the social production of scale" (eds) Scale and Geographic Inquiry: Nature, Societyand Method.
33. Marx K. 1964 Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844. USA: InternationalPublishers
34. Marx K. 1990 Capital Vol. 1.)(1990) London: Penguin Press
35. Marx K. (1998) The German Ideology. New York: Prometheus Books
36. Minnesota Department of Children, Families, and Learning Minnesota Department of Children, Families, and Learning (1998) School Breakfast Programs Energizing the Classroom, Minnesota Department of Children, Families, and Learning, Roseville, MN
37. Mitchell K. Katz S.A. 2003 Life's Work: Geographies of SocialReproduction. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Publishers
38. Murphy, J.M., M. Pagano, J. Nachmani, P. Sperling, S. Krane, and R. Kleinman (1998) "The relationship of school breakfast to psychological and academic functioning", Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, 152: 899-907
39. Neruda, P.(1958) (2004)"The great tablecloth"in M. Eisner (ed.) The Essential Neruda: Selected Poems. San Francisco, CA: City Lights Books
40. New York Times (1930)Milwaukee opens 'Soup Kitchens'", New York Times, 6 March
41. Peet, R. and Watts M. atts(1996) Liberation Ecologies. London: Routledge
42. Pollitt, E. (1995)"Does breakfast make a difference in school?" Journal of American DieteticAssociation,?"JournalofAmericanDieteticAssociation, 95(10): 1,134- 1,139
43. Pothukuchi, K and Kaufman J.L. fman(2000) "The food system: a stranger to the planning Field", Journal of the American Planning Association, 66(2) 113-124
44. Root, W. andR.de Rochemont R. de hemont(1995)Eating in America: A History. AHistory. Hopewell, NJ: The EccoPress
45. Schlosser, E. (2002 Fast Food Nation: The Dark Side of the All-American Meal. .New York: Perennial
46. Sen A. (1981) Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation. Oxford: Clarendon Press
47. Smith, N. (1993) "Homeless/global: scaling places", in T. Bird, L. Tickner, B. Curtis, T. Putnam and G. Robertson (eds) Mapping the Futures. Local Cultures, Global Change.London: Routledge
48. Swyngedouw, E. (1996 "The city as a hybrid - on nature, society and cyborg urbanization",Capitalism,Nature Nature, Socialism, 7(1): 65-80
49. Swyengedouw, E. (1999) "Modernity and hybridity: the production of nature, water, modernization in Spain", Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 89(3): 443-465
50. Swyngedouw, E. (2004) Social Power and the Urbanization of Water Flows of Power. Oxford: Oxford University Press
51. Swyngedouw, E. and Heynen, N.C. (2003) "Urban political ecology, justice and the politicsof scale", Antipode: A Journal of Radical Geography, 35(5): 898-918
52. U.S. Conference of Mayors (2003) "Hunger and Homelessness 2003"
53. Willis, E. (2000) "Health disparities and children in Milwaukee", in K. Little, S.F. Battle and R. Hornung (eds) The State of Black Milwaukee (57-80). Milwaukee: The Milwaukee Urban League
54. Wrigley, N. (2002) "'Food deserts' in British cities: policy context and research priorities", Urban Studies, 39(11): 2,029-2,040
55. Allen M. (2000) "Company demonstrates product in city" The Standard Times, New Bedford,Online 22 December 2000, Available HTTP:www.bactapur.com/english/pages/bacta710.html.
56. BBC 1 (2004) "Victoria's big fat documentary, 2nd part", 16 January 2004 www.bbc.co.uk.
57. Calandra B. (2001) "Trimming the fat in Philly City on a diet" WebMD Feature Archive, Online. Available HTTP: http://content.health.msn.com/content/article/12/1676_52750?printing=true
58. City of New York (2002) Waste Water Treatment: Preventing Discharges into Sewers. Guidelines for New York City Businesses Department Of Environmental Protection, The City Of New York, Online. HTTP: accessed15 February 2004 Available www.nyc.gov/html/dep/html/grease.html..
59. Engel M. (2002 "Land of the fat-driving every adds up on American's waistline, and can dangerous for their health" The Guardian 2 May 2002
60. Fackelmann K. (2003)"Studies tie urban sprawl to health risks, road danger-driving every adds up on American's waistline, and can dangerous for their health" USA Today 29 August 2003
61. Fat Cities .Online. Available HTTP:http://www.fatcities.com
62. Gandy, M. (1999) "The Paris sewers and the rationalization of urban space," Transactionsof the Institute of British Geographers, 24: 23-44
63. FGet Lean Houston, Online. Available HTTP: http://www.getleanhouston.com/.
64. Graham, S. and Marvin, S. (2001 Splintering Urbanism: Networked Infrastructures,Technological Mobilities and the Urban Condition London: Routledge
65. Grosz, E. (1995) Space, Time and Perversion: Essays on the Politics of Body London: Routledge
66. Hampson R. (2002 "In the end, people just need more room: Americans' expanding backsides are behind a trend toward wider, more comfortable seating in public areas" USA Today 10 April 2000 Online. Available HTTP:http://www.fatcities.com
67. Harvey, D. (2003)"The city as body politic", in J. Schneider and I. Susser (eds) OWounded Cities: Destruction and Reconstruction in a Globalized World Oxford:Berg
68. Hellmich N. (1999) "Blame the cheese steak: unfit Philly wins flab crown. Men's magazine weighs pizza shops against health clubs" USA Today, New Bedford Online 9 December 1999, Available HTTP:http://www.eatingbythebook.com/fatcity.html
69. International Obesity Task Force .Online. Available HTTP: http://www.iotf.org
70. Jackson, R.J. (2003)."Editorial: the impact of the built environment on health: an emerging field" American Journal of Public Health 93 1 23-44
71. Killingsworth, R. Earp, J. Moore, R. (2003) "Introduction: supporting health through design: challenges and opportunities" AAmerican Journal of Health Promotion Sept/Oct: 1-3
72. Mayor's Office of Health and Fitness City of Philadelphia.Online. Available HTTP: www.phila.gov/fitandfun/index.html
73. Men's Fitness, Survey Methodology, Online. Available HTTP: http://www.mensfitness.com/rankings/3
74. Men's Fitness, Houston Online. Available HTTP: www.mensfitness.com/rankings/221
75. Methvin, E. H. (2000) "Undercover against the mob" Readers Digest May
76. National Association of Sewer Service Companies Online. Available HTTP: www.nasco.org
77. Newman, B. (2001) The Wall Street Journal 4 June 2001
78. Pagano V. M. (1999) Administrative Supervisor, N.Y.C. Department of Environmental, Protection Bureau of Water and Sewer Operations Letter to Nitin Patel, RE: Zircon Industries, Inc., Online 30 June 1999, Available HTTP: http://www.greenchem.com/citofnewyord.html.
79. Park, R., Burgess, E..W., Mckenzine, R.D. (1967) The City: Chicago, IL:: Chicago University Press.
80. Revill, J. (2003)"A deadly slice of American Pie" The Observer 21 September 2003
81. Reynolds, D. (2002a)"Houston, you have a problem. A big, fat problem" ABC News 4 January
82. Reynolds, D. (2002b)"Your city's fat - now what? Being America's fattest city isn't good for one's image," ABC News 4 January 2002 Available HTTP:http://abcnews.go.com/sections/wnt/WorldNewsTonight/fatcity020104.htm
83. Ruppel Shell, E. (2002). Fat Wars: The Inside Story of the Obesity Industry. London: Atlantic.
84. Sfgate 2004 "Southbound 101 fully reopens after grease spill" Sfgate 7 January 2004
85. Sharpe, M.E. and Stearns, P.N. (2002). Fat History: Bodies and Beauty in the Modern West. New York: New York University Press.
86. Sims, L.S. (1998) The Politics of Fat: Food and Nutrition Policy in America. London: M.E. Sharpe.
87. Southerland, R. (2002 "Sewer fitness: cutting the fat" American City and County Online. Available HTTP: http://www.americancityandcounty.com/mag/government_sewer_fitness_cutting/
88. Sui, D.Z. (2003) "Musing on the fat city: are obesity and urban forms linked?" UrbanGeography, 24(1): 75-84
89. Summerton, J. (ed.)(1994) Changing Large Technical Systems. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1-24
90. Twyman, A. S. (2003)"Amid fiscal crunch, street backs health czar" The Philadelphia Inquirer 25 February, 2003 Online. Available HTTP: http: //www.philly.com/mld/philly/living/health/fitness/5254940,htm
91. Urry, J. (2003). Global Complexity Cambridge: Polity
92. Water Environment Federation(1999 "Fat-free sewers: how to prevent fats, oils, and greases from damaging your home and the environment" Water Environment Federation Online. Available HTTP: http://www.wef.org/publicinfo/FactSheets/fatfree.jhtml
93. World Health Organization (1997). Obesity: Preventing and managing the Global Epidemic: Interim report of a WHO consultation on Obesity Geneva: World Health Organization
94. Baker, S., Milton, K. and Yearly, S. (1994). Protecting the Periphery: Environmental Policy in Peripheral Regions of the European Union. Ilford: Frank Cass.
95. Bakker, K. (2000). "Privatizing water: producing scarcity: the Yorkshire drought of 1995", Economic Geography, 76 (1), 4-27.
96. Board of Scientific Staff of EYΔAΠ (1993). "Announcement of the Board of Scientific Staff of EYΔAΠ", Olxovoμlxó?, 29 July 1993 (in Greek).
97. Chadjipadelis, T. and Zafiropoulos, C. (1994) "Electoral changes in Greece during1981-1990", Political Geography, 13 (6): 492-514
98. Emmanouil, D. (1985) "Land use and housing policy in the case of urban expansion: aframework for analysis and planning for Athens" in Kafkalas, G. (ed.) Planning: Theory,Institutions, Methodology Thessaloniki Paratiritis (in Greek)
99. EYΔAΠ (Water Company of Athens) (1995). Photographic Review. Athens: Water Company of Athens (in Greek and English).
100. Filippidis, D. (1990) Regarding the Greek City: Post-war Trends and Future Perspectives. Athens: Themelio
101. Gandy, M. (1997) "The making of a regulatory crisis: restructuring New York City's watersupply", Transactions; Institute of British Geographers, 22: 338-358
102. Gerontas, D. and Skouzes, D. (1963). The Chronicle of Watering Athens. Athens.
103. Getimis, P .(ed.)(1994) Urban and Regional Development: Theory, Analysis,and Politics Athens: Themelio (in Greek)
104. Giannakourou, G. (2000) "The institutional framework of urban development in Greece:historical transformations and contemporary demands", in D. Oikonomou and G. Petrakos (eds), The Development of Greek Cities: interdisciplinary approaches for urban analysis and politics. Volos: University of Thessaly..
105. Graham, S. and Marvin, S. (1991) "Cities, regions and privatized utilities", Progress inPlanning, 51 (2): 91-161.
106. Graham, S. and Marvin, S. (2001) Splintering Urbanism. London: Routledge
107. Hajer, M.A. (1995) The Politics of Environmental Discourse: Ecological Modernization and the Policy Process Oxford: Oxford University Press
108. Hellenic Republic (1980) Law 1068/80 on the "Establishment of a unified water and sewage company for Athens", Official Gazette of the Greek State (Eϕ), Issue 190 A. Athens: National Press (in Greek)
109. Hellenic Republic (1987) Law 1739/87 on "Water resources management", Official Gazette of the Greek State (Eϕ) Issue 201 A. Athens: National Press (in Greek)
110. Hellenic Republic (1993) Law 2118 / 1993 on "Measures against water scarcity", Official Gazette of the Greek State (Eϕ) Issue 23 A. Athens: National Press (in Greek)
111. Hellenic Republic (1999) Law 2744/1999 on "Management and operation of the water and sewerage services sector, and for the regulation of the Athens' Water Supply and Sewerage Company (EYΔAΠ - A.E.)" Regulation of EYΔAΠ Official Gazette of the Greek State (Eϕ) Issue 222 A. Athens: National Press (in Greek)
112. Kafkalas, G .(ed.)(1985 Planning: Theory, Institutions,Methodology Thessaloniki: Paratiritis (in Greek)
113. Kaika, M. (2003a)"Constructing scarcity and sensationalising water politics: 170 days thatshook Athens", Antipode, 35 (5): 919-954
114. Kaika, M. (2003b)"The Water Framework Directive: a new directive for a changing social,political and economic European framework", European Planning Studies, 11 (3): 299-316
115. Kaika, M. (2005). City of Flows: Nature, Modernity and the City. New York: Routledge.
116. Kalantzopoulos, T. (1964). The History of Water Supply of Athens. Athens: Palamari Kathrogianni and Co. (in Greek).
117. Kallergis, G. and Moraiti, E. (1991) "The water problem of the Athens Basin", Conferencepaper, The Water Problem of Athens 26 April 1991, Athens, The National ResearchFoundation: The Greek Geological Society and the Geo-Technical Chamber of Greece
118. Kallis, G. and Coccossis, H. (2003) "Managing water for Athens: from the hydraulic to therational growth paradigm", European Planning Studies, 11 (3): 245-261
119. Karavitis, Ch. (1998) "Drought and urban water supplies: the case of metropolitan Athens", Water Policy 1: 505-524
120. Karydis, D. 1990 Reading Urban Planning: The Social Meaning of Spatial Forms Athens: National Technical University of Athens (in Greek)
121. Karydis, D. (1996). The Socioeconomic Identity of the Water Departments. Athens: Ministry of Development, Centre for Planning and Economic Research (in Greek).
122. 1996) "Making local environmental policy in Los Angeles" Cities, 13 (5): 303-313
123. Kingdon, J.W. (1984) Agendas, Alternatives and Public Policies. Boston, MA: Little Brown.
124. Koumparelis, S. G. (1989). The History of the Water/Sewerage Works of the Capital. Athens: The Sewerage Company of Athens and The Water Company of Athens (in Greek).
125. Koutsogiannis, D., Xanthopoulos, Th. and Aftias, E. (1990) Exploration of Available Scenarios for Watering Greater Athens, Final Report, Issue 18. Athens: National Technical University of Athens (in Greek)
126. Leontidou, L. 1990 The Mediterranean City in Transition: Social Change and Urban Development Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
127. Mantouvalou, M. and Martha, L. 1982) "The economic 'wonder' and its traps", Anti, 199: 25-28
128. Modinos, M. (1990). "The excellent water" Nεa Oluoλoγía, 69 (July-August 1990): 16-19 (in Greek).
129. Nevarez, L. 1996) "Just wait until there's a drought: mediating environmental crises forurban growth", Antipode, 28 (3): 246-272.
130. Panayiotatou, E. (1990). Themes in Spatial Development. Athens: Symmetria (in Greek).
131. Roy, A. (1999) The Cost of Living. London: Flamingo.
132. Rutte, C.-G., Wilke, H.-A. and Messick, D.-M. 1987) "Scarcity or abundance caused bypeople or the environment as determinants of behavior in the resource dilemma", Journalof Experimental Social Psychology, 23 (3): 208-216.
133. Smith, N. 1984 Uneven Development: Nature, Capital and the Production of Space Oxford: Blackwell.
134. Swyngedouw, E. (1997) "Power, nature, and the city. The conquest of water and the politicalecology of urbanization in Guayaquil, Ecuador: 1880-1990", Environment and PlanningA, 29 (2): 311-332.
135. Swyngedouw, E. 2004) Social Power and the Urbanization of Water: Flows of Power. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
136. Swyngedouw, E. and Kaika, M. 2000) "The environment of the city or ... the urbanizationof nature", in Bridge G. and Watson, S. (eds) A Companion to the City..Oxford: Blackwell.
137. Topping, A.R. (1995) "Ecological roulette - damming the Yangtze", Foreign Affairs, 74 (5): 132-146.
138. Vaiou, D., Mantouvalou, M. and Mavridou, M. (2000). "Postwar Greek planning between theory and chance". in Planning in Greece 1949-1974 - 2nd conference of the Greek Society for Urban History and Planning. Volos: University of Thessaly.
139. Vasilakis, K. and Bourbouras, D. 1992 The Diversion of Evinos River for the Water Supplyof Attica: Consequences, Alternatives Athens: Greek Ornithological Society (in Greek)
140. YBET (Ministry of Industry, Research and Technology) (1988). Law 1839/87 on Water Resource Management: Gaps, Problems and Implementation. Athens: Water Resource Directorate, YBET (in Greek).
141. YΠEΩΔOE (Ministry of Environment, Physical Planning and Public Works) (1988). Report and Five-Year Plan for Water Resources Management,. Athens: YΠEΩΔOE(in Greek).
142. YΠEΩΔOE (Ministry of Environment, Physical Planning and Public Works) (1990a). Study for Increasing Athens' Water Supply to Cover Needs until 2030. Part 1. Report no 8976701,. Athens: YΠEΩΔOE Directorate ?6 (in Greek).
143. YΠEΩΔOE (Ministry of Environment, Physical Planning and Public Works) (1990b). Preliminary Report for the Reinforcement of the Capacity of the Mornos Aqueduct System through the Evinos River Basin. Report no 8976701,. Athens: Division of Public Works, YΠEΩΔOE(in Greek).
144. Zafiropoulos, C. and Chadjipadelis, T. (2001) "The geography of elections, 1985-1993: Aprincipal of component analysis", Topos: 16 91-110 (in Greek with an English abstract)