Indices and indicators in development: An unhealthy obsession with numbers?

Indices and Indicators in Development: An Unhealthy Obsession with Numbers?

Volumn , Issue , 2013, Pages 1-206

  Morse, Stephen ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF READING   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84909086506     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9781849771719     Document Type: Book

References (181)

1. Acton, C (2000) Community Indicators for Sustainability: A European Overview, Environ Trust, Leicester
2. Allenby, B; Yasui, I; Lehni, M; Züst, R and Hunkeler, D (1998) ‘Ecometrics’ Stakeholder Subjectivity: Values, issues and effects’, Environmental Quality Management, vol 8, no 1, pp1–18
3. Anand, S and Ravallion, M (1993) ‘Human Development in Poor Countries: On the role of private incomes and public services’, Journal of Economic Perspectives, vol 7, no 1, pp133–150
4. Anand, S and Sen, A K (1994) Human Development Index: Methodology and Measurement, Human Development Report Office Occasional Paper, UNDP, New York
5. Armenia Human Development Report (1996) UNDP Yerevan. Available at www.arminco.com/Armenia/HDR/, accessed on 17 April 2002
6. Asheim, G B (1994) ‘Net National Product as an Indicator of Sustainability’, Scandinavian Journal of Economics, vol 96, no 2, pp257–265
7. Atkinson, A N (1970) ‘On the Measurement of Inequality’, Journal of Economic Theory, vol 2, pp244–263
8. Atkinson, A B and Bourguignon, F (1982) ‘The Comparison of Multi-dimensional Distributions of Economic Status’, Review of Economic Studies, vol 49, no 2, pp183–201
9. Aturupane, H; Glewwe, P and Isenman, P (1994) ‘Poverty, Human Development and Growth: An emerging consensus?’, The American Economic Review, vol 84, no 2, pp244–249
10. Bartelmus, P (1997) ‘Greening the National Accounts’, in Moldan, B; Billharz, S and Matravers, R (eds), Sustainability Indicators: A Report on the Project on Indicators of Sustainable Development, John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, pp198–205
11. Basu, A (2001) ‘A Comparative Analysis of India and Other Asian Countries Based on Science, Technology and Development Indicators’, Research Evaluation, vol 10, no 1, pp19–32
12. Bayless, M and Bayless, S (1982) ‘Current Quality of Life Indicators: Some theoretical and methodological concerns’, American Journal of Economics and Sociology, vol 41, no 4, pp421–437
13. Bell, S and Morse, S (1999) Sustainability Indicators: Measuring the Immeasurable, Earthscan, London
14. Bell, S and Morse, S (2003) Measuring Sustainability. Learning by Doing, Earthscan, London
15. Bevan, P (2000) ‘Who’s a Goody? Demythologizing the PRA agenda’, Journal of International Development, vol 12, pp751–759
16. Blaikie, P (2000) ‘Development, Post-, Ant-, and Populist: A critical review’, Environment and Planning A, vol 32, pp1033–1050
17. Blomstrom M and Hettne, B (1984) Development Theory in Transition, Zed Books, London
18. Bond, M (2003) ‘The Pursuit of Happiness’, New Scientist, 4 October 2003, pp40–43
19. Booysen, F (2002) ‘An Overview and Evaluation of Composite Indices of Development’, Social Indicators Research, vol 59, no 2, pp115–151
20. Boyd, D and Smith, R (1999) ‘Testing for Purchasing Power Parity: Econometric issues and an application to developing countries’, The Manchester School, vol 67, no 3, pp287–303
21. Braat, L (1991) ‘The Predictive Meaning of Sustainability Indicators’, in Kuik, O and Verbruggen, H (eds) in Search of Indicators of Sustainable Development, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp57–70
22. Brand, C (1996) The g Factor. Originally published by John Willey and Sons, Chichester but withdrawn. The book can be found at www.ed.ac.uk/crb/book and www.webcom.com/zurcher/thegfactor/index.htm
23. Brinkerhoff, M B; Fredell, K A and Frideres, J S (1997) ‘Basic Minimum Needs, Quality of Life and Selected Correlates: Explorations in villages in Northern India’, Social Indicators Research, vol 42, pp245–281
24. Brody, N (1998) ‘Jensen and Intelligence’, Intelligence, vol 26, no 3, pp243–247
25. Brody, N (1999) ‘What is Intelligence?’, International Review of Psychiatry, vol 11, pp19–25.
26. Buhler, W; Morse, S; Arthur, E; Bolton, S and Mann, J (2002) Science, Agriculture and Research. A Compromised Participation?, Earthscan, London
27. Bunge, M (1981) ‘Development indicators’, Social Indicators Research, vol 9, pp369–385.
28. Cahill, M B (2002) ‘Diminishing Returns to GDP and the Human Development Index’, Applied Economics Letters, vol 9, no 13, pp885–887
29. Caldwell, J C (1986) ‘Routes to Low Mortality in Poor Countries’, Population and Development Review, vol 12, no 2, pp171–220
30. Carlucci, F and Pisani, S (1995) ‘A Multivariate Measure of Human Development’, Social Indicators Research, vol 36, pp145–176
31. Chowdhury, O H (1991) ‘Human Development Index: A critique’, The Bangladesh Development Studies, vol 19, no 3, pp125–127
32. Cohen, E (2000) ‘Multidimensional Analysis of International Social Indicators. Education, economy, media and demography’, Social Indicators Research, vol 50, pp83–106
33. Cowen, M P and Shenton, R W (1996) Doctrines of Development, Routledge, London
34. Crafts, N (1998) ‘Forging Ahead and Falling Behind: The rise and relative decline of the first industrial nation’, Journal of Economic Performance, vol 12, no 2, pp193–210
35. Curwell, S and Cooper, I (1998) ‘The Implications of Urban Sustainability’, Building Research and Information, vol 26, no 1, pp17–28
36. de Greene, K B (1994) ‘The Rocky Path to Complex-systems Indicators’, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, vol 47, pp171–188
37. Davidson, B (1992) The Black Man’s Burden. Africa and the Curse of the Nation-State, James Currey, London
38. Dijkstra, A G (2002) ‘Revisiting UNDP’s GDI and GEM: Towards an alternative’, Social Indicators Research, vol 57, pp 301–338
39. Division of Sustainable Development (DSD) (2001) Report on the Aggregation of Indicators of Sustainable Development, Background paper for the 9th session of the Commission on Sustainable Development. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Geneva
40. Dowrick, S (1996) ‘Swedish Economic Performance and Swedish Economic Debate: A view from outside’, Economic Journal, vol 106, no 439, pp1772–1779
41. Dowrick, S and Quiggin, J (1997) ‘True Measures of GDP and Convergence’, The American Economic Review, vol 87, no 1, pp41–64
42. Dowrick, S, Dunlop, Y and Quiggin, J (2003) ‘Social Indicators and Comparisons of Living Standards’, Journal of Development Economics, vol 70, pp501–529
43. Duncan, J; Seitz, R J; Kolodny, J; Bor, D; Herzog, H, Ahmed, A, Newell, F N and Emslie, H (2000) ‘A Neural Basis for General Intelligence’, Science, vol 289, no 5478, pp457–460
44. Ecologist (2001) ‘Keeping Score’, Ecologist, vol 31, no 3, pp44–47
45. Escobar, A (1991) ‘Anthropology and the Development Encounter: The making and marketing of development anthropology’, American Ethnologist, vol 18, no 4, pp658–682
46. Escobar, A Q (1992) ‘Reflections on ‘Development’. Grassroots approaches and alternative politics in the Third World’, Futures, June, pp411–436
47. Escobar, A (1995) Encountering Development: The Making and Unmaking of the Third World, Princeton University Press, Princeton
48. Estreva, C (1992) ‘Development’, in Sahs, W (ed), The Development Dictionary: A Guide to Knowledge and Power, Zed Books, New York, pp6–25
49. European Commission (2003) Annual Report 2003 from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament on the EC Development Policy and the Implementation of External Assistance in 2002, European Commission, Brussels
50. Fagan, H (1999) ‘Cultural Politics and (Post) Development Paradigm(s)’, in Munck, R and O’Hearn, D (eds), Critical Development Theory: Contributions to a New Paradigm, Zed Books, London, pp178–195
51. Flynn, J (1987) ‘Race and IQ: Jensen’s case refuted’, in Modgil, S and Modgil, C (eds), Arthur Jensen. Consensus and Controversy, The Falmer Press, New York, Philadelphia and London, pp 221–235
52. Gallopin, G C (1997) ‘Indicators and their Use: Information for decision-making’, in Moldan, B; Billharz, S and Matravers, R (eds), Sustainability Indicators: A Report on the Project on Indicators of Sustainable Development, John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, pp13–27
53. Garlick, D (2002) ‘Understanding the Nature of the General Factor of Intelligence: The role of individual differences in neural plasticity as an explanatory mechanism’, Psychological Review, vol 109, no 1, pp116–136
54. George, R F (1937) ‘A New Calculation of the Poverty Line’, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, vol 100, no 1, pp74–95
55. Gill, P and Hall, P (1997) ‘Playing Numbers or Politics? Approaches to the prioritisation of development needs in South Africa’, Social Indicators Research, vol 41, pp251–278
56. Gould, S J (1996) The Mismeasure of Man, 2nd edn, Norton, New York
57. Haberl, H; Erb K-H and Krausmann, F (2001) ‘How to Calculate and Interpret Ecological Footprints for Long Periods of Time: The case of Austria 1926–1995’, Ecological Economics, vol 38, pp25–45
58. Hamilton, C (1999) ‘The Genuine Progress Indicator Methodological Developments and Results from Australia’, Ecological Economics, vol 30, pp13–18
59. Hardi, P (2001) ‘The Dashboard of Sustainability’, paper presented at a conference entitled Measure and Communicate Sustainable Development. A Science and Policy Dialogue. Stockholm 3–4 April
60. Hardi, P and Semple, P (2000) ‘The Dashboard of Sustainability. From a metaphor to an operational set of indices’, paper presented at the Fifth International Conference on Social Science Methodology, Cologne Germany, 3–6 October
61. Hardi, P; Barg, S; Hodge, T and Pinter, L (1997) Measuring Sustainable Development: Review of Current Practice, Occasional Paper no. 17, Industry Canada, Ottawa
62. Hicks, N and Streeten, P (1979) ‘Indicators of Development: The search for a basic needs yardstick’, World Development, vol 7, pp567–580
63. Hinterberger, F and Seifert, E K (1997) ‘Reducing material throughput: A contribution to the measurement of dematerialization and sustainable human development’, in Tylecote, A and van der Straaten, J (eds), Environment, Technology and Economic Growth, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, pp75–92
64. Hisamatsu, Y (2003) ‘Does Foreign Demand Affect Corruption?’, Applied Economics Letters, vol 10, pp1–2
65. Holland, M (2003) ‘20/20 Vision? The EU’s Cotonou Partnership Agreement’, The Brown Journal of World Affairs, vol 9, no 2, pp161–175
66. Holland, J and Blackburn, J (1998) Whose Voice? Participatory Research and Policy Change, IT Publications, London
67. Holmes, M J (2000) ‘Does Purchasing Power Parity Hold in African Less Developed Countries? Evidence from a panel data unit root test’, Journal of African Economies, vol 9, no 1, pp63–78
68. Hueting, R and Bosch, P (1991) ‘Note on the Correction of National Income for Environmental Losses’, in Kuik, O and Verbruggen, H (eds) in Search of Indicators of Sustainable Development, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp29–38
69. IDS (1998) Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation: Learning from Change, Policy Briefing Issue 12, Brighton, Institute of Development Studies
70. Indrayan, A; Wysocki, M J; Chawla, A; Kumar, R and Singh, N (1999) ‘3-Decade Trend in Human Development Index in India and its Major States’, Social Indicators Research, vol 46, pp91–120
71. –jahan.pdf
72. Jensen, A R (1980) Bias in Mental Testing, Methuen, London
73. Jensen, A R (1998) The g Factor. The Science of Mental Ability, Praeger, London
74. Jesinghaus, J (1999) ‘Indicators for Decision-Making’, draft paper of 12 December 1999, European Commission, Brussels
75. Jesinghaus, J (2000a) ‘The World Economic Forum’s Environmental Sustainability Index: Strong and weak points’. European Commission Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy. Review posted on the web, 9 April
76. Jesinghaus, J (2000b) ‘On the Art of Aggregating Apples and Oranges’, Foundazione Eni Enrico Mattei, Milan, Italy
77. Joint Research Centre (JRC) of the Eueropean Comission and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (2003) ‘Summary. First workshop on composite indicators of country performance’, 12 May, Ispra, Italy.
78. Justus, M (1995) ‘Towards a Provincial Human Development Index’, Monthly Economic Review, vol 14, no 9, pp5–8
79. Kao, C H C and Liu, B-C (1984) ‘Socio-economic Advance in the Republic of China (Taiwan): An intertemporal analysis of its quality of life indicators’, American Journal of Economics and Sociology, vol 43, no 4, pp399–412
80. Kelly A C (1991) ‘The Human Development Index: “Handle with care”’, Population and Development Review, vol 17, no 2, pp315–324
81. Khan, H (1991) ‘Measurement and Determinants of Socio-economic Development. A critical conspectus’, Social Indicators Research, vol 24, pp153–175
82. Konrad, N and Wahl, D (1990) ‘Science, Technology and Development Indicators for Third World Countries – Possibilities for analysis and grouping’, Scientometrics, vol 19, no 3–4, pp245–270.
83. Lai, D (2000) ‘Temporal Analysis of Human Development Indicators: Principal component approach’, Social Indicators Research, vol 51, no 3, pp331–366
84. Lai, D (2003) ‘Principal Component Analysis on Human Development Indicators of China’, Social Indicators Research, vol 61, pp319–330
85. Lambsdorff, J G (1999) ‘Corruption in Empirical Research – A review’. Transparency International Working Paper, Berlin, Germany
86. Lambsdorff, J G (2002) Background Paper to the 2002 Corruption Perceptions Index. Framework Document 2002. Transparency International and Göttingen University, Germany
87. Lawn, P A (2003) ‘A Theoretical Foundation to Support the Index of Sustainable Economic Welfare (ISEW), Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI), and other related indexes’, Ecological Economics, vol 44, pp105–118
88. Lind, N C (1992) ‘Some Thoughts on the Human Development Index’, Social Indicators Research, vol 27, pp89–101
89. Lind, N C (1993) ‘A Compound Index of National Development’, Social Indicators Research, vol 28, pp267–284
90. Liverman, D M; Hanson, M E; Brown, B J and Merideth, R W (1988) ‘Global Sustainability: Toward measurement’, Environmental Management, vol 12, no 2, pp133–143
91. Long, N and Long A (1992) Battlefields of Knowledge, Routledge, London
92. Loup, J; Naudet, D and Développment et insertion internationale (DIAL) (2000) The State of Human Development Data and Statistical Capacity Building in Developing Countries, Human Development Report Office Occasional Paper, New York, UNDP
93. Lüchters, G and Menkhoff, L (2000) ‘Chaotic Signals from HDI Measurement’, Applied Economics Letters, vol 7, pp267–270
94. Lynn, R (1996) ‘Racial and Ethnic Differences in Intelligence in the United States on the Differential Ability Scale’, Personality and Individual Differences, vol 20, pp271–273
95. Lynn, R and Vanhanen, T (2001) ‘National IQ and Economic Development: A study of eighty-one nations’, Mankind Quarterly, vol XLI, no 4, pp415–435
96. Lynn, R and Vanhanen, T (2002) IQ and the Wealth of Nations, Westport CT, Praeger
97. Maasoumi, E (1986) ‘The Measurement and Decomposition of Multi-dimensional Inequality’, Econometrica, vol 54, no 4, pp991–997
98. Maasoumi, E and Jeong, JH (1985) ‘The Trend and the Measurement of World Inequality over Extended Periods of Accounting’, Economic Letters, vol 19, pp295–301
99. Maddison, A (1983) ‘A Comparison of Levels of GDP per Capita in Developed and Developing Countries, 1700–1980’, The Journal of Economic History, vol 43, no 1, pp2741
100. Mauro, P (1995) ‘Corruption and Growth’, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol 10, no 3, pp681–712.
101. Mayo, E; MacGilvray, A and McLaren, D (1997) ‘The Index of Sustainable Economic Welfare for the United Kingdom’, in Moldan, B; Billharz, S and Matravers, R (eds) Sustainability Indicators: A Report on the Project on Indicators of Sustainable Development, John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, pp293–298
102. McGillivray, M (1991) ‘The Human Development Index: Yet another redundant composite development indicator?’, World Development, vol 19, pp1461–1468
103. McGranahan, D V (1972) ‘Development Indicators and Development Models’, Journal of Development Studies, April, pp91–102
104. McGranahan D; Pizarro, E and Richard, C (1985) Measurement and Analysis of Socio-Economic Development: An Enquiry into International Indicators of Development and Quantitative Interrelations of Social and Economic Components of Development, UNRISD, Geneva
105. Miele, F (2003) Intelligence, Race and Genetics: Conversations with Arthur R. Jensen, Westview.
106. Mitchell, G (1996) ‘Problems and Fundamentals of Sustainable Development Indicators’, Sustainable Development, vol 4, pp1–11
107. Moldan, B (1997) ‘The Human Development Index’, in Moldan, B; Billharz, S and Matravers, R (eds), Sustainability Indicators: A Report on the Project on Indicators of Sustainable Development, John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, pp242–252
108. Morse, S (2003a) ‘Greening the United Nation’s Human Development Index?’, Sustainable Development, vol 11, no 4, pp183–198
109. Morse, S (2003b) ‘For Better or for Worse, till the Human Development Index do as part?’, Ecological Economics, vol 45, no 2, pp281–296
110. Morse, S. (2003c) ‘Putting the Pieces Back Together Again: An illustration of the problem of interpreting development indicators using an African case study’, Applied Geography, vol 24, pp1–22
111. Morse, S; McNamara, N; Acholo, M and Okwoli, B (2001) ‘Sustainability Indicators: The problem of integration’, Sustainable Development, vol 9, pp1–15
112. Murray, C J L (1991) Development Data Constraints and the Human Development Index, Discussion paper no. 25, May 1991, UNRISD, Geneva
113. Myers, D (1987) ‘Internal Monitoring of Quality of Life for Economic Development’, Economic Development Quarterly, vol 1, no 3, pp268–278
114. Narayan, D (1997) Voices of the Poor: Poverty and Social Capital in Tanzania, World Bank, Washington DC
115. Neumayer, E (2000) ‘On the Methodology of ISEW, GPI and Related Measures: Some constructive suggestions and some doubt on the “threshold” hypothesis’, Ecological Economics, vol 34, pp347–361
116. Neumayer, E (2001) ‘The Human Development Index and Sustainability – A constructive proposal’, Ecological Economics, vol 39, pp101–114
117. Noorbakhsh, F (1998) ‘A Modified Human Development Index’, World Development, vol 26, no 3, pp517–528
118. Norton, A (1998) ‘Analysing Participatory Research for Policy Change’, in Holland, J and Blackburn, J (eds), Whose Voice? Participatory Research and Policy Change, IT Publications, London, pp179–191
119. Odedokun, M O (2000) ‘Fulfilment of Purchasing Power Parity Conditions in Africa: The differential role of CFA and non-CFA membership’, Journal of African Economies, vol 9, no 2, pp213–234
120. Ogwang, T (1994) ‘The Choice of Principal Variables for Computing the Human Development Index’, World Development, vol 22, pp2011–2014
121. Ogwang, T (1997) ‘The Choice of Principal Variables for Computing the Physical Quality of Life Index’, Journal of Economic and Social Measurement, vol 23, pp213–221
122. Ogwang, T (2000) ‘Inter-country Inequality in Human Development Indicators’, Applied Economics Letters, vol 7, pp443–446
123. Ogwang, T and Abdou, A (2003) ‘The Choice of Principal Variables for Computing some Measures of Human Well-being’, Social Indicators Research, Vol 64, pp139–152
124. Opschoor, H (1991) ‘GNP and Sustainable Income Measures: Some problems and a way out’, in Kuik, O and Verbruggen, H (eds), Search of Indicators of Sustainable Development, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp39–44
125. Othick, J (1983) ‘Development Indicators and the Historical Study of Human Welfare: Towards a new perspective’, The Journal of Economic History, vol 43, no 1, pp63–70
126. Peel, D A and Venetis, I A (2003) ‘Purchasing Power Parity over Two Centuries: Trends and nonlinearity’, Applied Economics, vol 35, pp609–617
127. Plomkin, R (2001) ‘“g” is for Ability but its also for Genes’, Times Higher Education Supplement, 2 November, pp16–17
128. Preston, S H (1975) ‘The Changing Relation between Mortality and Level of Economic Development’, Population Studies, vol 29, no 2, pp231–248
129. Qizilbash, M (2001) ‘Sustainable Development: Concepts and Rankings’, The Journal of Development Studies, vol 37, no 3, pp134–161
130. Quadrado, L; Heijman, W and Folmer, H (2001) ‘Multidimensional Analysis of Regional Inequality: The case of Hungary’, Social Indicators Research, vol 56, pp21 –42
131. Quarrie, J (ed) (1992) The Earth Summit ‘92: The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, Regency Press, London
132. Ram, R (1992) ‘International Inequalities in Human Development and Real Income’, Economics Letters, vol 38, pp351–354
133. Ravallion, M (1997) ‘Good and Bad Growth: The Human Development Reports’, World Development, vol 25, no 5, pp631–638
134. Rennings, K and Wiggering, H (1997) ‘Steps Towards Indicators of Sustainable Development: Linking economic and ecological concepts’, Ecological Economics, vol 20, pp25–36
135. Rob, C (1998) ‘PPAs: A review of the World Bank’s experience’, in Holland, J and Blackburn, J, Whose Voice? Participatory Research and Policy Change, IT Publications, London, pp131–142
136. Rogoff, K (1996) ‘The Purchasing Power Parity Puzzle’, Journal of Economic Literature, vol 34, pp647–668
137. Rushton, J P (1997) ‘Race, Intelligence and the Brain: The errors and omissions of the “revised” edition of S. J. Gould’s The Mismeasure of Man’, Personality and Individual Difference, vol 23, no 1, pp169–180
138. Rushton, J P (2001) ‘Black–White Differences on the g-factor in South Africa: A “Jensen Effect” on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for children – revised’, Personality and Individual Difference, vol 31, pp1227–1232
139. Rushton, J P (2003) ‘The Bigger Bell Curve: Intelligence, national achievement and the global economy’, Personality and Individual Difference, vol 34, pp367–372
140. Rutter, M (2003) ‘Father of ‘g’ Tackles “Whys”’, Times Higher Education Supplement,8 August, p23.
141. Sagar, A D and Najam, A (1998) ‘The Human Development Index: A critical review’, Ecological Economics, vol 25, pp249–264
142. Sagar A D and Najam A (1999) ‘Shaping Human Development: Which way next?’, Third World Quarterly, vol 20, no 4, pp743–751
143. Schönemann, P H (1997) ‘Famous Artefacts: Spearman’s hypothesis’, Current Psychology of Cognition, vol 16, no 6, pp665–694
144. Schraeder, P J (2000) African Politics and Society: A Mosaic in Transformation, Bedford/St. Martin’s, Boston, Mass
145. Sen, A K (1976) ‘Poverty: An ordinal approach to measurement’, Econometrica, vol 44, no 2, pp219–231
146. Sen, A K (1977) ‘On Weights and Measures: Informational constraints in social welfare analysis’, Econometrica, vol 45, no 7, pp1539–1572
147. Sen, A K (1984) Resources, Values and Development, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass
148. Sen, A K (1985) Commodities and Capabilities, Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam
149. Sharma, S D (1997) ‘Making the Human Development Index (HDI) Gender-sensitive’, Gender and Development, vol 5, no 1, pp60–61
150. Shorrocks, A F (1995) ‘Revisiting the Sen Poverty Index’, Econometrica, vol 63, no 5, pp1225–1230
151. Simon, D (2003) ‘Dilemmas of Development and the Environment in a Globalizing World: Theory, policy and praxis’, Progress in Development Studies, vol 3, no 1, pp5–41
152. Sinden, J A (1982) ‘Application of Quality of Life Indicators to Socio-economic Problems: An extension of Liu’s method to evaluate policies for 26 Australian towns’, American Journal of Economics and Sociology, vol 41, no 4, pp401–420
153. Solow, R (1993) ‘An Almost Practical Step Towards Sustainability’, Resources Policy, vol 19, pp162–172
154. Spangenberg, J H and Bonniot, O (1998) Sustainability Indicators – A compass on the road towards sustainability. Wuppertal Paper no. 81. Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy
155. Spearman, C (1904) “‘General Intelligence” Objectively Determined and Measured’, The American Journal of Psychology, vol 15, pp201–293
156. Spearman, C (1927) The Abilities of Man. Their Nature and Measurement, Macmillan and Co, London
157. Srinivasan, T N (1994) ‘Human Development: A new paradigm or reinvention of the wheel?’, The American Economic Review, vol 84, no 2, pp238–243
158. Stein, S J (1996) ‘Review of Arturo Escobar. Encountering Development: The Making and Unmaking of the Third World’, American Historical Review, vol 101, no 5, pp1523–1524
159. Sternberg, R (1987) ‘Gee, there’s more than g! A critique of Arthur Jensen’s views on intelligence’, in Modgil, S and Modgil, C (eds) Arthur Jensen. Consensus and Controversy, The Falmer Press, New York, Philadelphia and London, pp237–249
160. Streeten, P (1979) ‘Basic Needs: Premises and promises’, Journal of Policy Modelling, vol 1, pp136–146
161. Streeten, P (1994) ‘Human Development: Means and ends’, The American Economic Review, vol 84, no 2, pp232–237
162. Streeten, P (1995) ‘Human Development: The debate about the index’, International Social Science Journal, vol 143, pp25–37
163. Sudhir, A and Sen, A K (1994) Sustainable Human Development: Concepts and Priorities, Human Development Report Office Occasional Paper no. 8. UNDP, New York
164. Summers, R and Heston, A (1997) Use of ICP Results: A note on estimates of GDP per capita, Paper presented at a Seminar on the use of International Comparison Programme (ICP) data, Beijing, China 16–20 June
165. Sweeney, P (1999) The Celtic Tiger. Ireland’s continuing economic miracle, Oak Tree Press, Dublin
166. Taylor, M P (1995) ‘The Economics of Exchange Rates’, Journal of Economic Literature, vol 33, pp13–47
167. Thapa, S (1995) ‘The Human Development Index: A portrait of the 75 districts in Nepal’, Asia-Pacific Population Journal, vol 10, no 2, pp3–14
168. Townsend, P (1954) ‘Measuring Poverty’, The British Journal of Sociology, vol 5, no 2, pp130–137
169. United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Human Development Reports, published annually between 1990 and 2001, Human Development Report Office, UNDP, New York
170. United Nations Economic and Social Council (UNESC) (1999) Evaluation of the International Comparison Programme, Paper E/CN.3/1999/8, UNESC, New York
171. Vachris, M A and Thomas, J (1999) ‘International Price Comparisons Based on Purchasing Power Parity’, Monthly Labour Review, October, pp3–12
172. Veenhoven, R (1996) ‘Happy Life-expectancy. A comprehensive measure of quality-of-life in nations’, Social Indicators Research, vol 39, pp1–58
173. Wallerstein, I (1974) The Modern World System I, Academic Press, New York
174. Wish, N B (1986) ‘Are we Really Measuring the Quality of Life? Well-being has subjective dimensions as well as objective ones’, American Journal of Economics and Sociology, vol 45, no 1, pp93–99
175. Wolf, S and Spoden, D (2000) Allocation of EU Aid towards ACP-Countries, ZEF – Discussion Papers on Development Policy number 22, Bonn, Germany, March
176. World Bank (annual) World Development Reports, published annually between 1977 and 2004, World Bank, Washington DC
177. World Commission for Environment and Development (WCED) (1987) Our Common Future, Oxford University Press, Oxford
178. World Economic Forum (WEF) (2000) Pilot Environmental Sustainabilty Index. Annual Meeting 2000, Davos Switzerland, WEF, Switzerland
179. World Economic Forum (WEF) (2001) 2001 Environmental Sustainability Index. Annual meeting 2001, Davos Switzerland, WEF, Switzerland. Available at www.ciesin.columbia.edu/indicators/ESI
180. World Economic Forum (WEF) (2002) 2002 Environmental Sustainability Index. Annual meeting 2002, Davos, Switzerland, WEF, Switzerland. Available at www.ciesin.columbia.edu/indicators/ESI
181. Zerby, J A and Khan, M H (1984) ‘A Comparison of Multivariate Methods for Indexing Socio-economic Development’, Singapore Economic Review, vol 29, pp47–66