Planning at the landscape scale

Planning at the Landscape Scale

Volumn , Issue , 2006, Pages 1-213

  Selman, Paul ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84908918491     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9780203696903     Document Type: Book

References (300)

1. Adams, W. (2003) Future Nature: a vision for conservation, 2nd edition, London: Earthscan.
2. Antrop, M. (2000) 'Changing patterns in the urbanized countryside of Western Europe', Landscape Ecology, 15(3), 257-270.
3. Antrop, M. (2004) 'Rural-Urban Conflicts and Opportunities', in Jongman, R. (ed.) The New Dimensions of the European Landscape, Dordrecht: Springer.
4. Antrop, M. and Van Eetvelde, V. (2000) 'Holistic aspects of suburban landscapes: visual image interpretation and landscape metrics', Landscape and Urban Planning, 50, 43-58.
5. Apffel Marglin, F. and Mishra, P.C. (1993) 'Sacred Groves: Regenerating the Body, the Land, the Community', in Sachs, W. (ed.) Global Ecology. A New Arena of Political Conflict, London: Zed Books.
6. Appleton, J. (1996) The Experience of Landscape, Chichester: Wiley.
7. Arnstein, S. (1969) 'A ladder of citizen participation', Journal of the American Planning Association, 35, 216-224.
8. Austad, I. (2000) 'The Future of Traditional Landscapes: retaining desirable qualities', in Klijn, J. and Vos, W. (eds.) From Landscape Ecology to Landscape Science, WLO, Wageningen: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 43-56.
9. Baker, M. (2002) 'Developing institutional capacity at the regional level: the development of a coastal forum in the North West of England', Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 45(5), 691-714.
10. Bastian, O. (2001) 'Landscape ecology - towards a unified discipline?', Landscape Ecology, 16, 757-766.
11. Bell, S. (1998) Landscape: pattern, perception and process, 81-82 London: Spon.
12. Bellehumeur, C. and Legendre, P. (1998) 'Multiscale sources of variation in ecological variables: modeling spatial dispersion, elaborating sampling designs', Landscape Ecology, 13, 15-25.
13. Bemelmans-Videc, M-L., Rist, R. and Vedung, E. (1998) Carrots, Sticks & Sermons: policy instruments and their evaluation, New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.
14. Bennett, A. and Radford, J. (2004) 'Landscape-level requirements for the conservation of woodland birds: are there critical thresholds in habitat cover?', in Smithers, R. (ed.) Landscape Ecology of Trees and Forests, IALE-UK, 117-124.
15. Beresford, M. and Phillips, A. (2000) 'Protected landscapes - a conservation model for the 21st century', George Wright Forum, 17:1.
16. Bergstrom, J. (1998) Exploring and Expanding the Landscape Values Terrain, Faculty Paper Series FS 98-20, Athens, Georgia, USA: Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics, University of Georgia.
17. Bishop, I. and Rohrmann, B. (2003) 'Subjective responses to simulated and real environments: a comparison', Landscape and Urban Planning, 65, 261-277.
18. Bishop, K. and Bate, R. (2004) 'The link between landscape, biodiversity and development plans: a move towards "positive planning"?', in Bishop, K. and Phillips, A. (eds.) Countryside Planning: new approaches to management and conservation, London: Earthscan, 222-236.
19. Blake, J. (1999) 'Overcoming the "value-action gap" in environmental policy tensions between national policy and local experience', Local Environment, 4(3), 257-278.
20. Bolliger, J., Sprott, J. and Mladenoff, D. (2003) 'Self-organisation and complexity in historical landscape patterns', Oikos, 100, 541-553.
21. Borrini-Feyerabend, G. (1996) Collaborative Management of Protected Areas: tailoring the approach to the context, Gland: IUCN.
22. Botequilha Leitão, A. and Ahern, J. (2002) 'Applying landscape ecological concepts and metrics in sustainable landscape planning', Landscape and Urban Planning, 59(2), 65-93.
23. Bourdieu, P. (1977) Outline of a Theory of Practice, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
24. Brace, C. (2003) 'Envisioning England: the visual in countryside writing in the 1930s and 1940s', Landscape Research, 28(4), 365-382.
25. Brandt, J., Tress, B. and Tress, G. (eds.) (2000) Multifunctional Landscapes: interdisciplinary approaches to landscape research and management, Centre for Landscape Research, Roskilde University, Denmark.
26. Brandt, J. and Vejre, H. (2003) 'Multifunctional landscapes - motives, concepts and perspectives', in Brandt, J. and Vejre, H. (eds.) Multifunctional Landscapes. Volume 1: Theory, History and Values, Southampton: WIT Press.
27. Brunckhorst, D. (2000) Bioregional Planning - Resource Management Beyond the New Millennium, Amsterdam: Harwood Academic Publications.
28. Bucek, A., Lacina, J. and Michal, I. (1996) 'An Ecological Network in the Czech Republic', Ecological Institute, Veronica, Brno, Czech Republic, X/11, 1-45.
29. Buchecker, M., Hunziker, M. and Kienast, F. (2003) 'Participatory landscape development: overcoming social barriers to public involvement', Landscape and Urban Planning, 64, 29-46.
30. Buller, H. and Lobley, M. (2004) 'Improving Rural Delivery: identifying principles for good environmental delivery'. Report of a Workshop held on behalf of the RSPB, Centre for Rural Research, University of Exeter.
31. Bunce, R. (2001) 'An environmental classification of European landscapes', in Green, B. and Vos, W. (eds.) Threatened Landscapes: conserving cultural environments, London: Spon, 31-40.
32. Bunce, R., Barr, C., Clarke, R., Howard, D. and Lane, A. (1996) 'The ITE Merlewood Land Classification', Journal of Biogeography, 23, 625-634.
33. Burgess, J. (1995) Growing in Confidence, Cheltenham: Countryside Commission.
34. Bürgi, M., Hersperger, A. and Schneeberger, N. (2004) 'Driving forces of landscape change - current and new directions', Landscape Ecology, 19, 857-868.
35. Buttimer, A. (1980) 'Home, reach and a sense of place', in Buttimer, A. and Seamon, D. (eds.) The Human Experience of Space and Place, London: Croom Helm, 166-187.
36. Camagni, R. (1995) 'The concept of innovative milieu and its relevance for public policies in European lagging regions', Papers in Regional Science, 74(4), 317-340.
37. Cary, J. and Webb, T. (2000) Community Landcare, the National Landcare Program and the Landcare Govement: the Social Dimensions of Landcare, Mimeo, Canberra: Social Services Centre, Bureau of Rural Sciences.
38. Castells, M. (2003) The Power of Identity: the Information Age - Economy, Society and Culture, London: Blackwell.
39. CEMAT (2003) European Rural Heritage Observation Guide, Council of Europe, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
40. Chavez-Cortes, J. (2004) 'Landscape Planning to Achieve Sustainability: the Iztaccihuatl- Popocatepetl region, Mexico', unpublished PhD Thesis, University of Liverpool.
41. Clark, J., Darlington, J. and Fairclough, G. (2003) Pathways to Europe's Landscape. Heide, Germany: European Pathways to the Cultural Landscape.
42. Clark, J., Darlington, J. and Fairclough, G. (2004) Using Historic Landscape Characterisation, English Heritage and Lancashire County Council.
43. Clark, J. and Murdoch, J. (1997) 'Local knowledge and the precarious extension of scientific networks: a reflection on three case studies', Sociologia Ruralis, 37(1), 38-60.
44. Claval, P. (1993) Initiation à la Géographie Regionale (translated by I. Thompson, 1998), An Introduction to Regional Geography, Oxford: Blackwell.
45. Cloke, P. and Jones, O. (2002) Tree Cultures: the place of trees and trees in their place, Oxford: Berg.
46. Collins, J., Thomas, G., Willis, R. and Wilsdon, J. (2003) 'Carrots, Sticks and Sermons: influencing public behaviour for environmental goals', Demos/Green Alliance for Defra.
47. Cooke, P. and Morgan, K. (1998) The Associational Economy: firms, regions and innovation, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
48. Cosgrove, D. (1998) Social Formation and Symbolic Landscape, Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
49. Cosgrove, D. and Daniels, S. (1988) 'Introduction: iconography and landscape', in Cosgrove, D. and Daniels, S. (eds.) The Iconography of Landscape: essays on the symbolic representation, design and use of past environments, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
50. Council of Europe (2000) 'The European Landscape Convention', Strasbourg.
51. Countryside Agency (CA) (2001) Area of Outstanding Beauty Management Plans: a guide, Wetherby: CA Publications.
52. Countryside Agency (CA) (2002) Eat the View: promoting sustainable local products, Wetherby: CA Publications.
53. Countryside Agency (CA) (2003) Forest of Dean Integrated Rural Development Programme 2000-2005, Pamphlet, Wetherby: CA Publications.
54. Countryside Agency (CA) (2004) The State of the Countryside 2004, Wetherby: CA Publications.
55. Countryside Agency (CA) (2005) Integrated Rural Development: an approach to modernising rural delivery to achieve sustainable development, Wetherby: CA Publications.
56. Countryside Agency and Scottish Natural Heritage (CA/SNH) (2002) 'Landscape Character Assessment: Guidance for England and Scotland' (authors: Swanwick, C. and Land Use Consultants), Cheltenham: Countryside Agency and Edinburgh: Scottish Natural Heritage.
57. Countryside Council for Wales (CCW)/Cadw (2001) Register of Landscapes of Special Historic Interest in Wales, Cardiff: Cadw.
58. Cadw/CCW (2003) Guide to Good Practice on Using the Register of Landscapes of Historic Interest in Wales in the Planning and Development Process, Cardiff: Cadw.
59. CCW/Wales Landscape Partnership Group (CCW/WLPG) (2001) The LANDMAP Information System, Bangor: Countryside Council for Wales and the Wales Landscape Partnership Group.
60. Crofts, R. (2004) 'Connecting the pieces: Scotland's integrated approach to the natural heritage', in Bishop, K. and Phillips, A. (eds.) Countryside Planning: new approaches to management and conservation, London: Earthscan, 170-187.
61. Davies, P. and Robb, J. (2002) 'The appropriation of the material of places in the landscape: the case of tufa and springs', Landscape Research, 27(2), 181-185.
62. de Roo, G. (2003) Environmental Planning in the Netherlands: too good to be true. From command-and-control planning to shared governance, Aldershot: Ashgate.
63. Department of Environment, Transport and the Regions (DETR) (1999) Sustainable Development: the UK Government's Approach, London: DETR.
64. Department of Environment, Transport and the Regions (DETR) (2000) European Spatial Planning and Urban-Rural Relationships: The UK Dimension, London: DETR.
65. Derby City Council (1999) 'Management Strategy for the Mickleover, Littleover and Sunny Hill Green Wedges', Derby: Derby City Council.
66. Devine-Wright, P., Fleming, P. and Chadwick, H. (2001) 'Role of social capital in advancing regional sustainable development', Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal, 19, 161-167.
67. Dick, B. (1997) Stakeholder analysis, www.scu.edu.au/schools/gcm/ar/arp/stake.html, (accessed 27 June 05).
68. Dolman, P., Lovett, A., O'Riordan, T. and Cobb, R. (2001) 'Designing whole landscapes', Landscape Research, 26, 305-335.
69. Dover, J. (2000) 'Human, environmental and wildlife aspects of corridors with specific reference to UK planning practice', Landscape Research, 333-344.
70. Dramstad, W., Olson, J. and Forman, R. (1996) 'Landscape Ecology Principles in Landscape Architecture and Land Use Planning', Washington DC: Island Press.
71. Ducros, C. and Watson, N. (2002) 'Integrated land and water management in the United Kingdom: narrowing the implementation gap', Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 45(3), 403-424.
72. Dutch Ministry of Agriculture, Nature Management and Fisheries (2000) Nature for People, People for Nature, Den Haag: The Ministry.
73. Eiden, G. (2001) 'Landscape indicators', in Eiden, G., Bryden, J. and Piorr, H-P. (eds.) Proposal on Agri-Environment Indicators, Final Report of the PAIS project, EUROSTAT, Luxembourg, 4-92.
74. Ekins, P., Folke, C. and De Groot, R. (2003) 'Identifying critical natural capital', Ecological Economics, 44, 159-163.
75. English Nature (2004) Nature's Place, 29: 4.
76. Erickson, D. (2004) 'The relationship of historic city form and contemporary greenway implementation: a comparison of Milwaukee, Wisconsin (USA) and Ottawa, Ontario (Canada)', Landscape and Urban Planning, 68(2-3), 199-222.
77. Fabos, G. (2004) 'Greenway planning in the United States: its origins and recent case studies', Landscape and Urban Planning, 68(2-3), 321-342.
78. Fahrig, L. (2001) 'How much habitat is enough?', Biological Conservation, 100(1), 65-74.
79. Fairclough, G. (2002) 'Europe's Landscape: archaeology, sustainability and agriculture', in Fairclough, G. and Rippon, S. (eds.) and Bull, D. (asst. ed.) Europe's Cultural Landscape: archaeologists and the management of change, English Heritage. 1-12.
80. Fairclough, G. (2006) 'Large scale, long duration and broad perceptions: scale issues in historic landscape characterisation', in Lock, G. and Molyneaux, B. (eds.), Confronting scale in Archaeology: issues of theory and practice, Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
81. Faludi, A. and Waterhout, B. (2002) The Making of the European Spatial Development Perspective, London: Routledge.
82. Finger-Stich, A. and Ghimire, K. (1997) 'Local development and parks in France', in Ghimire, K.B. and Pimbert, M.P. (eds.) Social Change and Conservation, London: UNRISD and Earthscan.
83. Fonds Suisse Pour le Paysage (FSP) (undated) Available at http//www.fls-fsp.ch (accessed 6 July 2005).
84. Forestry Commission (1998) The England Forestry Strategy, Cambridge: Forestry Commission.
85. Forman, R. (1997) Land Mosaics: the ecology of landscapes and regions, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
86. Forman, R. and Godron, M. (1986) Landscape Ecology, New York: John Wiley and Sons.
87. Franks, J. (2003) 'Revised agri-environment policy objectives: implications for scheme design', Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 46(3), 443-466.
88. Fry, G. (2004) 'Culture and Nature versus Culture or Nature', in Jongman, R. (ed.) The New Dimensions of the European Landscape, Dordrecht: Springer.
89. Fry, G. and Gustavsson, R. (1996) 'Testing landscape design principles: the landscape laboratory', in Jongman, R.H.G. (ed.) Ecological and Landscape Consequences of Land Use Change in Europe, Tilburg: European Centre for Nature Conservation 143-154.
90. Fuller, R.M., Smith, G.M., Sanderson, J.M., Hill, R.A., Thomson, A.G., Cox, R., Brown, N.J., Clarke, R.T., Rothery, P. and Gerard, F.F. (2000) Land Cover Map 2000 Module 7 final report, London: Department for Environment, Transport and the Regions.
91. Gallent, N., Shoard, M., Andersson, J., Oades, R. and Tudor, C. (2004) 'England's urban fringes: multi-functionality and planning', Local Environment, 9(3), 217-233.
92. Gibson, J. (1979) The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception, New York: Houghton Mifflin.
93. Giddens, A. (1991) Modernity and Self-Identity: self and society in the late modern age, Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.
94. Gilg, A. (1996) Countryside Planning: the first half century, London: Taylor and Francis.
95. Gittins, J. (2001) 'The work of the Cheshire Landscape Trust', paper to Landscape Research Group/Institute for Landscape Ecology workshop, Nove Hrady, August.
96. Gobster, P., Haight, R. and Shriner, D. (2000) 'Landscape change in the Midwest: an integrated parcelized program', Journal of Forestry, 98(3), 9-14.
97. Gobster, P. and Rickenbach, M. (2004) 'Private forest land and development in Wisconsin's Northwoods: perceptions of resource-oriented stakeholders', Landscape and Urban Planning, 69, 165-182.
98. Gobster, P. and Westphal, L. (2004) 'The human dimensions of urban greenways: planning for recreation and related experiences', Landscape and Urban Planning, 68(2-3, 30), 147-165.
99. Golley, F. and Bellot, J. (1991) 'Interactions of landscape ecology, planning and design', Landscape and Urban Planning, 21, 3-11.
100. Granovetter, M. (1985) 'Economic action and social structure: the problem of embeddedness', American Journal of Sociology, 91(3), 481-510.
101. Gray, B. (1989) Collaborating: finding common ground for multiparty problems, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
102. Great Britain HM Treasury (2003) The Green Book: appraisal and evaluation in central government, London: The Stationery Office.
103. Groundwork Trust/Countryside Agency (2004) Unlocking the Potential of the Urban Fringe, Cheltenham: Countryside Agency.
104. Guehenno, J. (1993) La Fin de la Démocratie, Paris: Flammarion.
105. Gurnell, A. and Petts, G. (1995) Changing River Channels, Chichester: Wiley.
106. Gwyn, D. (2002) 'Associative landscape in a Welsh context', in Fairclough, G. and Rippon, S. (eds.) Europe's Cultural Landscape: archaeologists and the management of change, 187-192.
107. Haines-Young, R., Martin, J. and Swanwick, C. (2004) Constructing an Indicator of Change in Countryside Quality, Final Report, University of Nottingham and Countryside Agency.
108. Haines-Young, R. and Potschin, M. (2000) 'Multifunctionality and value', in Brandt, J., Tress, B. and Tress, G. (eds.) Multifunctional Landscapes, Centre for Landscape Research, Roskilde University, Denmark, 111-118.
109. Handley, J. (2001) 'Derelict and despoiled land - problems and potential', in Miller, C., Planning and Environmental Protection, Oxford: Hart. 115-146.
110. Harms, B., Farjon, H. and Jongman, R. (1993) 'Proceedings of the IALE Conference towards a Landscape Ecological Decision Making Support System for Conservation and Remediation of (Semi) Natural Habitats in Europe (LEDESS) on Agricultural Landscapes in Europe', Rennes, June, p. 36.
111. Harris, N. and Hooper, A. (2004) 'Rediscovering the "spatial" in public policy and planning: an examination of the spatial content of sectoral policy documents', Planning Theory and Practice, 5(2), 147-169.
112. Harrison, C. and Burgess, J. (2000) 'Valuing nature in context: the contribution of common-good approaches', Biodiversity and Conservation, 9, 1115-1130.
113. Harrison, P.A., Berry, P.M. and Dawson, T.P. (2001). MONARCH: modelling natural resources responses to climate change, Final Report to Funding Partners, Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford.
114. Haskins, C. (2003) Rural Delivery Review: a report on the delivery of government policies in rural England, London: Defra.
115. Haslett, J. (2001) 'Biodiversity and conservation of Diptera in heterogeneous land mosaics: a fly's eye view', Journal of Insect Conservation, 5(2), 71-75.
116. Hawkins, V. and Selman, P. (2002) 'Landscape scale planning: exploring alternative land use scenarios', Landscape and Urban Planning, 60, 211-224.
117. He, X. (1998) 'Fengshui: Chinese Tradition in a Manchester Context', unpublished PhD Thesis, University of Manchester.
118. Healey, P., Cars, G., Madanipour, A. and de Magalhaes, C. (2002) 'Transforming Governance, Institutionalist Analysis and Institutional Capacity', in Cars, G. et al., (eds) (2002) Urban Governance, Institutional Capacity and Social Milieux, Aldershot: Ashgate, 6-28.
119. Hidding, M. and Teunissen, A. (2002) 'Beyond fragmentation: new concepts for urban-rural development', Landscape and Urban Planning, 58, 297-308.
120. Hill, K. (2000) 'Visions of sustainability', in Benson, J. and Roe, M. (eds.) Landscape and Sustainability, London: Spon, 294-311.
121. Hill, M., Briggs, J., Minto, P., Bagnall, D., Foley, K. and Williams, A. (2001) 'Guide to Best Practice in Seascape Assessment', Countryside Council for Wales, Brady Shipman Martin and University College Dublin.
122. Hillier, J. and Rooksby, E. (eds.) (2002) Habitus: a sense of place, Aldershot: Ashgate.
123. Holdaway, E. and Smart, G. (2001) Landscapes at Risk? The Future for Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty, London: Spon.
124. Howard, D., Petit, S. and Bunce, R. (2000) 'Monitoring multi-functional landscapes at a national scale - guidelines drawn up from the Countryside Survey of Great Britain', in Brandt, J., Tress, B. and Tress, G. (eds.) Multifunctional Landscapes, Centre for Landscape Research, Roskilde University, Denmark, 51-62.
125. Illsley, D. and Richardson, T. (2004) 'New national parks for Scotland: coalitions in conflict over the allocation of planning powers in the Cairngorms', Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 47, 219-242.
126. International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) (1994a) 'Guidelines for Protected Area Management Categories', London: IUCN.
127. International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) (1994b) '1993 United Nations List of National Parks and Protected Areas', Gland: IUCN.
128. Ison, R. and Blackmore, C. (1997) Environmental Decision-Making: a systems approach, Milton Keynes: Open University.
129. Iverson Nassauer, J. and Corry, R. (2004) 'Using normative scenarios in landscape ecology', Landscape Ecology, 19, 343-356.
130. Jackson, J. (1984) Discovering the Vernacular Landscape, New Haven: Yale University Press.
131. Jennings, M (2000) 'Gap analysis: concepts, methods and recent results', Landscape Ecology, 15(1), 5-20.
132. Jongman, R. (2002) 'Landscape planning for biological diversity in Europe', Landscape Research, 27, 187-195.
133. Kaplan, R. and Kaplan, S. (1982) Cognition and Environment: functioning in an uncertain world, New York: Praeger.
134. Kaplan, R. and Kaplan, S. (1989) The Experience of Nature: a psychological perspective, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
135. Kazmierski, J., Kram, M., Mills, E., Phemister, D., Reo, N., Riggs, C., Terfertiller, R. and Erickson, D. (2004) 'Conservation planning and the landscape scale: a landscape ecology method for regional land trusts', Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 47(5), 709-736.
136. Kelly, M., Selman, P. and Gilg, A. (2004) 'Taking sustainability forward', Town Planning Review, 75, 309-336.
137. Klijn, J. and Vos, W. (eds.) (2000) From Landscape Ecology to Landscape Science, WLO, Wageningen: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
138. Klijn, J. and Vos, W. (2000) 'A new identity for landscape ecology in Europe: a research strategy for the next decade', in From Landscape Ecology to Landscape Science, WLO, Wageningen: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 149-162.
139. Kolasa, J. and Rollo, D. (1991) 'Introduction: the heterogeneity of heterogeneity: a glossary', in: Kolasa, J., and Pickett, S.T.A. (eds.) 'Ecological heterogeneity', Ecological Studies, vol. 86, New York: Springer-Verlag, 1-23.
140. Kühn, M. (2003) 'Greenbelt and Green Heart: separating and integrating landscapes in European city regions', Landscape and Urban Planning, 64(1-2), 19-27.
141. Lam, N. and Quattrochi, D. (1992) 'On the issues of scale, resolution, and fractal analysis in the mapping sciences', Professional Geographer, 44, 88-98.
142. Lambeck, R. (1997) 'Focal species: a multi-species umbrella for nature conservation', Conservation Biology, 11, 849-856.
143. Lapka, M. and Cudlinova, E. (2003) 'Changing landscapes, changing landscape's story', Landscape Research, 28, 323-328.
144. Latham, J., Watts, K., Thomas, C. and Griffiths, M. (2004) 'Development of a forest habitat network for Wales: linking research with policy', in Smithers, R. (ed.) Landscape Ecology of Trees and Forests, IALE-UK, 224-231.
145. Leopold, A. (1949) A Sand County Almanac, and Sketches Here and There, New York: Oxford University Press.
146. Lipsky, M. (1980) Street-level Bureaucracy, New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
147. Liu, J. and Taylor, W. (eds.) (2002) Integrating Landscape Ecology into Natural Resource Management, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
148. Livingston, M., Shaw, W. and Harris, L. (2003) 'A model for assessing wildlife habitats in urban landscapes of eastern Pima County, Arizona', Landscape and Urban Planning, 64, 131-144.
149. Llobera, M. (1996) 'Exploring the topography of mind: GIS, social space and archaeology', Antiquity, (70) 267, 612-622
150. Löfvenhaft, K., Björn, C. and Ihse, M. (2002) 'Biotope patterns in urban areas: a conceptual model integrating biodiversity issues in spatial planning', Landscape and Urban Planning, 58, 223-240.
151. Low Choy, D. (2002) 'Cooperative Planning and Management for Regional Landscapes', unpublished PhD Thesis, University of Queensland, Australia.
152. Lowenthal, D. (1997) 'European landscape transformations: the rural residue', in Groth, P. and Bressi, T. (eds.) Understanding Ordinary Landscapes, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 180-188.
153. Lyle, J. (1994) Regenerative Design for Sustainable Development, New York: Wiley.
154. MacEwen, A. and MacEwen, M. (1987) Greenprints for the Countryside? The Story of Britain's National Parks, London: Allen and Unwin.
155. MacFarlane, R. (2000) 'Achieving whole landscape management across multiple land management units: a case study from the Lake District environmentally sensitive area', Landscape Research, 25, 229-254.
156. McGarigal, K. and Marks, B.J. (1995) 'FRAGSTATS: Spatial Pattern Analysis Program for Quantifying Landscape Structure', Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-351, USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, OR.
157. McGinnis, M. (ed.) (1999) Bioregionalism, London: Routledge.
158. MacInnes, L. (2004) 'Historic Landscape Characterisation', in Bishop, K. and Phillips, A. (eds.) Countryside Planning: new approaches to management and conservation, London: Earthscan, 155-169.
159. McIntyre, S. and Hobbs, R. (1999) 'A framework for conceptualizing human effects on land- scapes and its relevance to management and research models', Conservation Biology, 13, 1282-1292.
160. Macnaghten, P. and Urry, J. (1998) Contested Natures, London: Sage.
161. McNeely, J.A. (1993) 'Parks for Life: report of the IVth World Congress on National Parks and Protected Areas', Gland: IUCN.
162. McPherson, G. and DeStefano, S. (2003) Applied Ecology and Natural Resource Management, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
163. Meadowcroft, J. (2002) 'Politics and scale: some implications for environmental governance', Landscape and Urban Planning, 61, 169-179.
164. Meeus, J., Wijermans, H. and Vroom, M. (1990) 'Agricultural landscapes in Europe and their transformation', Landscape and Urban Planning, 18, 289-352.
165. Meinig, D. (ed.) (1979) The Interpretation of Ordinary Landscapes: geographical essays, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
166. Miklos, L. (1996) 'The concept of the territorial system of landscape stability in Slovakia', in Jongman, R. (ed.) Proceedings of the First ECNC Seminar on Land Use Change and its Ecological Consequences: Ecological and Landscape Consequences of Land Use Change in Europe, ECNC Publication series on Man and Nature, 2, 385-406.
167. Miller, D., de Jong, R., Morrice, J. and Horne, P. (eds.) (2002) Summary of spatial planning of wind turbine developments in Wales, Report to the Countryside Council for Wales. Macaulay Land Use Research Institute, Aberdeen.
168. Mills, J. (2002) 'More than biodiversity: The socio-economic impact of implementing biodiversity action plans in the UK', Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 45, 533-548.
169. Millward, B. (2000) 'Governing the hollow state', Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 10, 359-379.
170. Morgan, K. (1997) 'The learning region: institutions, innovation and regional renewal', Regional Studies, 31(5), 491-503.
171. Muir, R. (2000) The New Reading the Landscape: Fieldwork in Landscape History, Exeter: University of Exeter Press.
172. Muir, R. (2003) 'On change in the landscape', Landscape Research, 28, 383-404.
173. Mulford, C. and Rogers, D. (1982) 'Definitions and models', in Rogers, D.L. and Whetten, D.A. (eds.) Interorganizational Coordination: theory, research, and implementation, Ames, IA: The Iowa State University Press, 9-31.
174. National Roads Directorate of the Scottish Office Development Department (1998) Cost Effective Landscape: Learning from Nature. Landscape Design and Management Policy. A Roads, Bridges and Traffic in the Countryside Initiative, The Scottish Office, 82.
175. Naveh, Z. (2000) 'Introduction to the theoretical foundations of multifunctional landscapes and their application in transdisciplinary landscape ecology', in Brandt, J., Tress, B. and Tress, G. (eds.) Multifunctional Landscapes: interdisciplinary approaches to landscape research and management, Centre for Landscape Research, Roskilde University, Denmark, 27-43.
176. Naveh, Z. and Lieberman, A.S. (1994) Landscape Ecology - Theory and Applications, 2nd edition, New York: Springer-Verlag.
177. New Opportunities Fund and Countryside Agency (2003) 'Clifton Place Community Garden: Tackling crime and drug abuse', Pamphlet: Countryside Agency website.
178. Nikora, V., Pearson, S. and Shankar, U. (1999) 'Scaling properties in landscape patterns: New Zealand experience', Landscape Ecology, 14(1), 17-33.
179. Office of the Deputy Prime Minister (ODPM) (2002) Sustainable Communities: Delivering through Planning, London: ODPM.
180. Office of the Deputy Prime Minister (ODPM) (2004) Creating Sustainable Communities: Greening the Gateway, London: ODPM/Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs.
181. Office of the Deputy Prime Minister (ODPM) (2005) Planning Policy Statement 9: Biodiversity and Geological Conservation, London: ODPM.
182. Oliver, T. and Jenkins, T. (2003) 'Sustaining rural landscapes: the role of integrated tourism', Landscape Research, 28, 293-308.
183. Olwig, K. (2002) Landscape, Nature and the Body Politic, Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
184. Oost, O., Verboom, J. and Pouwels, R. (2000) 'LARCH-AIRPORT: a GIS-based Risk Assessment Model', International Bird Strike Committee IBSC25/WP-RS9, Amsterdam.
185. Opdam, P., Foppen, R. and Vos, C. (2002) 'Bridging the gap between ecology and spatial planning in landscape ecology', Landscape Ecology, 16, 767-779.
186. Oreszczyn, S. (2000) 'A systems approach to the research of people's relationships with hedgerows', Landscape and Urban Planning, 50, 107-117.
187. Oreszczyn, S. and Lane, A. (2000) 'The meaning of hedgerows in the English landscape', Journal of Environmental Management, 60, 101-118.
188. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) (2001) Environmental Indicators for Agriculture, Volume 3: Methods and Results, Paris: Publications Service, OECD.
189. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) (2003) 'OECD Environmental Indicators: Development, Measurement and Use', Reference Paper, Paris: Publications Service, OECD.
190. O'Riordan, T. (ed.) (2001) 'Globalism, Localism and Identity: fresh perspectives on the transition to sustainability', London: Earthscan.
191. O'Riordan, T., Wood, C. and Shadrake, A. (1993) 'Landscapes for tomorrow', Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 36, 123-147.
192. Ostrom, E. (1990) Governing the Commons: the evolution of institutions for collective action, New York: Cambridge University Press.
193. Owen, R. and Eagar, D. (2004) 'LANDMAP: a tool to aid sustainable development', in Bishop, K. and Phillips, A. (eds.) Countryside Planning: new approaches to management and conservation, London: Earthscan, 188-202.
194. Palang, H. (2003) 'How does an elephant look like? Some experiences and some more fears about interdisciplinary landscape research', in Tress, B., Tress, G., van der Valk, A. and Fry, G. (eds.) Interdisciplinary and Transdisciplinary Landscape Studies: potential and limitations, Wageningen: Wageningen University, Delta Series 2, 55-58.
195. Palmer, J. (2004) 'Using spatial metrics to predict scenic perception in a changing landscape', Landscape and Urban Planning, 69, 201-218.
196. Parris, K. (2004) 'European agricultural landscapes supply and demand: implications of agricultural policy reform', in Jongman, R. (ed.) The New Dimensions of the European Landscape, Dordrecht: Springer.
197. Peak Park Joint Planning Board (PPJPB) (1990) 'Two Villages, Two Valleys: the Peak District Integrated Rural Development Project 1981-88', Bakewell: Peak District National Park Authority.
198. Pearce, D. (1993) Economic Values and the Natural World, London: Earthscan.
199. Pedroli, B., de Blust, G., van Looy, K. and van Rooij, S. (2002) 'Setting targets in strategies for river restoration', Landscape Ecology, 17 (Supplement 1), 5-18.
200. Peterken, G. (2002) Reversing Fragmentation - habitat networks as a basis for woodland creation, Forestry Commission Practice Note.
201. Petts, G. and Amoros, C. (eds.) (1996) Fluvial Hydrosystems, Kluwer Academic Publishers.
202. Phillips, A. (1998) 'The nature of cultural landscapes: a nature conservation perspective', Landscape Research, 23, 21-38.
203. Phillips, A. (2002) 'Management Guidelines for IUCN Category V Areas: Protected Landscapes/ Seascapes', Gland, Switzerland: IUCN.
204. Phillips, A. and Clarke, R. (2004) 'Our landscape from a wider perspective', in Bishop, K. and Phillips, A. (eds.) Countryside Planning: new approaches to management and conservation, London: Earthscan, 49-67.
205. Pickett, S and Cadenasso, M (1995) 'Landscape ecology: spatial heterogeneity in ecological systems', Science, 269, 331-334.
206. Pimbert, M and Pretty, J (1997) 'Diversity and sustainability in community based conservation', available at http://www.iucn.org/themes/ceesp/Publications/TILCEPA/MPimbert- UNESCOCommunityDiversity.pdf (Paper for the UNESCO-IIPA regional workshop on Community-based Conservation, February 9-12, India) (accessed 27 June 05).
207. Pinto-Correia, T. and Vos, W. (2004) 'Multifunctionality in Mediterranean landscapes - past and future', in Jongman, R. (ed.) The New Dimensions of the European Landscape, Dordrecht: Springer.
208. Piorr, H-P. (2003) 'Environmental policy, agri-environmental indicators and landscape indicators', Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 98, 17-33.
209. Porter, K. (2004) 'The Natural Area experience', in Bishop, K. and Phillips, A. (eds.) Countryside Planning: new approaches to management and conservation, London: Earthscan, 91-108.
210. Powell, J., Selman, P. and Wragg, A. (2001) 'Protected areas: reinforcing the virtuous circle', Planning Practice and Research, 17(3), 279-295.
211. Pretty, J.N. (1994) 'Alternative Systems of Inquiry for Sustainable Agriculture', IDS Bulletin, Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex, 25(2): 37-48.
212. Prigogine, I. and Stengers, I. (1984) Order Out of Chaos. Man's Dialogue with Nature, Boston and London: New Science Library.
213. Punter, J. and Carmona, M. (1997) 'Cosmetics or critical constraints? The role of landscape in design policies in English development plans', Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 40, 173-198.
214. Purseglove, J. (1989) Taming the Flood, Oxford: Oxford University Press and Channel 4 Books.
215. Ray, D., Watts, K., Hope, J. and Humphrey, J. (2004) 'Developing Forest Habitat Networks in Scotland', in Smithers, R. (ed.) Landscape Ecology of Trees and Forests, IALE-UK, 216-223.
216. Relph, E. (1976) Place and Placelessness, London: Pion.
217. Robertson, I. and Richards, P. (eds.) (2003) Studying Cultural Landscapes, London: Hodder Arnold.
218. Rodoman, B.B. (1974) 'Polarization of landscape as a manage agent in protection of biosphere and recreational resources', in Resources, Environment, Settlement. Moscow: Nauka, pp, 150-162 (in Russian).
219. Rodwell, J.S. (ed.) (1991, 1992, 1995) British Plant Communities, volumes 1-5 Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Published on behalf of the Joint Nature Conservation Committee with a research team of Pigott, C.D., Ratcliffe, DA., Malloch, A.J.C., Birks, H.J.B., Proctor, M.C.F., Shimwell, D.W., Huntley, J.P., Radford, E., Wigginton, M.J. and Wilkins, P.
220. Rookwood, P. (1995) 'Landscape planning for biodiversity', Landscape and Urban Planning, 31, 379-385.
221. Rowe, P. (1991) Making a Middle Landscape, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
222. Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) (2001) Futurescapes: large-scale habitat restoration for wildlife and people, Sandy: RSPB.
223. RSPB and Geoff Broom Associates (2000) Valuing Norfolk's Coast: the economic benefits of environmental and wildlife tourism, Sandy: RSPB.
224. Rubino, M. and Hess, G. (2003) 'Planning open spaces for wildlife 2: modeling and verifying focal species habitat', Landscape and Urban Planning, 64, 89-104.
225. Sandercock, L. (2003) 'Out of the closet: the importance of stories and storytelling in planning practice', Planning Theory and Practice, 4(1), 11-28.
226. Sauer, C. (1925) The Morphology of Landscape, University of California Press, Publications in Geography, 2(2): 19-54.
227. Schama, S. (2004) Landscape and Memory, London: Fontana.
228. Scott, A.J., Christie, M. and Tench, H. (2003) 'Panacea or Pandora's Box for conservation in the UK', Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 46 (4) 583-604.
229. Scottish Executive (2000) Forests for Scotland - The Scottish Forestry Strategy, Edinburgh: The Executive.
230. Scottish Natural Heritage (SNH) (2001) Natural Heritage Futures: an overview, Perth: SNH.
231. Scottish Office (1998) Cost-Effective Landscape Design and Management Policy, Edinburgh: Scottish Office.
232. Selman, P. (1999) 'Changing approaches to landscape character evaluation and their implications for landscape ecological planning', in Maudsley, M. and Marshall, J. (eds.) Heterogeneity in Landscape Ecology: pattern and scale, International Association for Landscape Ecology (UK), 151-158.
233. Selman, P. (2000) Environmental Planning, 2nd edition, London: Sage.
234. Selman, P. (2001) 'Social capital, sustainability and environmental planning', Planning Theory and Practice, 2(1), 13-30.
235. Selman, P. (2002) 'Multi-function landscape plans: a missing link in sustainability planning?', Local Environment, 7(3), 283-294.
236. Selman, P. (2004a) 'Community participation in the planning and management of cultural landscapes', Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 47(3), 365-392.
237. Selman, P. (2004b) 'Barriers and bridges to sustaining cultural landscapes', in Jongman, R. (ed.) The New Dimensions of the European Landscape, Dordrecht: Springer.
238. Shephard, R. (1984) 'Ecological constraints on internal representation: resonant kinematics of perceiving, imagining, thinking and dreaming', Psychological Review, 91, 417-447.
239. Sickel, H., Ihse, M., Norderhaug, A. and Sickel, M. (2004) 'How to monitor semi-natural key habitats in relation to grazing preferences of cattle in mountain summer farming areas: an aerial photo and GPS method study', Landscape and Urban Planning, 67, 67-77.
240. Simpson, J. (2004) 'Planning for Environmental Sustainability in the Green Belt of the Mersey Corridor', unpublished PhD Thesis, Manchester: University of Manchester.
241. Slocombe, S. (1998) 'Lessons from experience with ecosystem based management', Landscape and Urban Planning, 40, 31-39.
242. Smith, D. and Hellmund, P. (eds.) (1993) Ecology of Greenways, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
243. Soltner, D. (1985) L'arbre et la haie: pour la production agricole, pour l'équilibre écologique, et le cadre de view rurale, 7th edition, Collection Science et Techniques Agricoles, Angers, pp. 200.
244. South West Wildlife Trusts (2004) Rebuilding Biodiversity: new landscapes for wildlife and people, a regional approach to landscape-scale planning for habitat restoration, Developed by the South West Wildlife Trusts for use by the South West Regional Biodiversity Partnership.
245. Southworth, J., Nagendra, H. and Tucker, C. (2002) 'Fragmentation of a landscape: incorporat- ing landscape metrics into satellite analyses of land-cover change', Landscape Research, 27, 253-270.
246. Stanners, D. and Bourdeau, P. (eds.) (1995) 'Europe's Environment', The Dobris Assessment, European Environment Agency, EC DG XI and Phare, Copenhagen.
247. Starkings, D. (1998) Unpublished BA (Hons) Dissertation, Department of Planning and Landscape, University of Manchester.
248. Stern, M. and Marsh, W. (1997) 'The decentered city: edge cities and the expanding metropolis', Landscape and Urban Planning, 36, 243-246.
249. Swanwick, C. (2004) 'The assessment of countryside and landscape character in England: an overview', in Bishop, K. and Phillips, A. (eds.) Countryside Planning: new approaches to management and conservation, London: Earthscan, 109-124.
250. Szaro, R., Sexton, W. and Malone, C. (1997) 'The emergence of ecosystem management as a tool for meeting people's needs and sustaining ecosystems', Landscape and Urban Planning, 40(1), 1-7.
251. Terkenli, T. (2001) 'Towards a theory of the landscape: the Aegean landscape as a cultural image', Landscape and Urban Planning, 57, 197-208.
252. Thayer, R. (2003) Life Place: bioregional thoughts and practice, Berkeley: University of California Press.
253. Tischendorf, L., Bender, D. and Fahrig, L. (2003) 'Evaluation of patch isolation metrics in mosaic landscapes for specialist vs. generalist dispersers', Landscape Ecology, 18(1), 41-50.
254. Tress, B. and Tress, G. (2001) 'Capitalising on multiplicity: a transdisciplinary systems approach to landscape research', Landscape and Urban Planning, 57, 143-157.
255. Tress, B. and Tress, G. (2003) 'Scenario visualisation for participatory landscape planning - a study from Denmark', Landscape and Urban Planning, 64, 161-178.
256. Tress, B., Tress, G. and Fry, G. (2005) 'Integrative studies on rural landscapes: policy expectations and research practice', Landscape and Urban Planning, 70(1-2), 177-191.
257. Tress, B., Tress, G., Décamps, H. and d'Hauteserre, A-M. (2001) 'Bridging human and natural sciences in landscape research', Landscape and Urban Planning, 57, 137-141.
258. Tress, B., Tress, G. and van der Valk, A. (2003) 'Interdisciplinarity and transdisciplinarity in landscape studies - the Wageningen DELTA approach', in Tress, B., Tress, G., van der Valk, A. and Fry, G. (eds.) Interdisciplinary and Transdisciplinary Landscape Studies: Potential and Limitations, Wageningen University, Delta Series 2, 8-15.
259. Tuan, Y. (1979) Landscapes of Fear, New York: Pantheon.
260. Tuan, Y. (1990) Topophilia: study of environmental perception, attitudes and values, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
261. Turner, T. (1998) Landscape Planning and Environmental Impact Design, London: Taylor and Francis.
262. Turner, M., Gardner, R. and O'Neill, R. (2001) Landscape Ecology in Theory and Practice: pattern and process, New York: Springer.
263. Uhrwing, M. (2003) 'MISTRA and interdisciplinarity - experiences and expectations', in Tress, B., Tress, G., van der Valk, A. and Fry, G. (eds.) Interdisciplinary and Transdisciplinary Landscape Studies: potential and limitations, Wageningen University, Delta Series 2, 28-32.
264. UK Biodiversity Steering Group (1995) Meeting the Rio Challenge, London: HMSO.
265. Ulrich, R, (1997) 'Improving medical outcomes with environmental design', Journal of Healthcare Design, 9, 3-7.
266. UNESCO (1972) Convention concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, Paris: UNESCO.
267. UN-HABITAT (2001) 'Urban Governance Toolkit Series', available at http://www.unhabitat.org/ cdrom/governance/html/copyright.htm (accessed 27 June 05).
268. Urban, D., O'Neill, R. and Shugart, H. (1987) 'Landscape ecology: A hierarchical perspective can help scientists understand spatial patterns', BioScience, 37, 119-127.
269. Ureña, J. and Ollero, A. (2001) 'Fluvial landscapes, catchment administration and land use planning: experience based on two rivers in Spain', Landscape Research, 26, 225-244.
270. van Rooij, S., van der Sluis, T., Steingröver, E. and Clarke, S. (2004) 'Applying landscape ecological methods to analyse and design ecological networks', in Smithers, R. (ed.) Landscape Ecology of Trees and Forests, IALE-UK, 208-215.
271. van der Sluis, T., Pedroli, B. and Kuipers, H. (2001) 'Corridors for LIFE: Ecological Network Analysis Regioni Emilia-Romagna - the Plains of Provincia de Modena & Bologna', Wageningen: Alterra Green World Research.
272. Voisey, H. and O'Riordan, T. (2001) 'Globalisation and Localisation', in O'Riordan, T. (ed.) Globalism, Localism and Identity: fresh perspectives on the transition to sustainability, London: Earthscan, 25-42.
273. Vos, W. and Klijn, J. (2000) 'Trends in European landscape development: prospects for a sustainable future', in Klijn, J. and Vos, W. (eds.) From Landscape Ecology to Landscape Science, WLO, Wageningen: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
274. Vrijland, P. and Kerkstra, K. (1994) 'A strategy for ecological and urban development', in Cook, T. and van Lier, H. (eds.) Landscape Planning and Ecological Networks, Amsterdam: Elsevier Science, 71-88.
275. Wackernagel, M., Lewen, L. and Borgstrom-Hansson, C. (1999) 'Evaluating the use of natural capital with the ecological footprint: applications in Sweden and subregions', Ambio, 28(7), 604-612.
276. Ward, J.V. (1997) 'An expansive perspective of riverine landscapes: pattern and process across scales', Gaia, 6, 52-60.
277. Ward, J., Malard, F. and Tockner, K. (2002) 'Landscape ecology: a framework for integrating pattern and process in river corridors', Landscape Ecology, 17 (Supplement 1), 35-45.
278. Warnock, S. and Brown, N. (1998) 'A vision for the countryside', Landscape Design, 269, 22-26.
279. Wascher, D. (2004) 'Landscape Indicator Assessment: steps towards a European approach', in Jongman, R. (ed.) The New Dimensions of the European Landscape, Dordrecht: Springer.
280. Watts, K (2001) 'Barriers and bridges to biodiversity action planning', unpublished PhD thesis, University of Gloucestershire.
281. Watts, K. and Selman, P. (2004) 'Forcing the pace of biodiversity action: a force-field analysis of conservation effort at the "landscape scale"', Local Environment, 9(1), 5-20.
282. Watts, K. and Griffiths, M. (2004) 'Exploring structural connectivity in Welsh woodlands using neutral landscape models', in Smithers, R. (ed.) Landscape Ecology of Trees and Forests, IALE-UK, 133-142.
283. Welsh Assembly Government (WAG) (2001) Woodlands for Wales, Cardiff: WAG.
284. Welsh Assembly Government (WAG) (2005) People, Places, Future - the Wales Spatial Plan, Cardiff: WAG.
285. Whatmore, S. (2001) Hybrid Geographies, London: Sage.
286. Whitehead, A. (1947) Essays in Science and Philosophy, New York: Philosophical Library.
287. Wiens, J. (1997) 'Metapopulation dynamics and landscape ecology', in Hanski, I. and Gilpin, M. (eds.) Metapopulation Biology: ecology, genetics, and evolution, New York: Academic Press, 43-62.
288. Wilcox, D. (1994) The Guide to Effective Participation, New York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation.
289. Wilson, E. (1986) Biophilia, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
290. Winder, N. (2003) 'Successes and problems when conducting interdisciplinary or transdisciplinary research', in Tress, B., Tress, G., van der Valk, A. and Fry, G. (eds.) Interdisciplinary and Transdisciplinary Landscape Studies: Potential and Limitations, Wageningen University, Delta Series 2, 74-90.
291. With, K. (1994) 'Using fractal analysis to assess how species perceive landscape structure', Landscape Ecology, 9, 25-36.
292. With, K. (2002) 'Using percolation theory to assess landscape connectivity and effects of habitat fragmentation', in Gutzwiller, K. (ed.) Applying Landscape Ecology in Biological Conservation, New York: Springer-Verlag, 105-130.
293. Wood, R. and Handley, J. (2001) 'Landscape dynamics and the management of change', Landscape Research, 26(1), 45-54.
294. Woodland Trust (2002) Space for Nature: Landscape-scale action for woodland biodiversity Grantham: The Woodland Trust.
295. World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED) (1987) Our Common Future, ('The Brundtland Report'), Oxford: Oxford University Press.
296. Worrell, R., Taylor, C.M.A. and Spittal, J.J. (2003) Highland Perthshire Forest Habitat Network, Scottish Forestry, 57, 151-157.
297. Wragg, A. (2000) 'Towards sustainable landscape planning: experiences from the Wye Valley Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty', Landscape Research, 25(2), 183-200.
298. Wu, J. (2004) 'Effects of changing scale on landscape pattern analysis: scaling relations', Landscape Ecology, 19(2), 125-138.
299. Wynn, G. (2002) 'The cost-effectiveness of biodiversity management: a comparison of farm types in extensively farmed areas of Scotland', Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 45, 827-840.
300. Yaffee, S. (1999) 'Three faces of ecosystem management', Conservation Biology, 13, 713.