Early neuropsychological detection of Alzheimer's disease

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition

Volumn 68, Issue 11, 2014, Pages 1192-1199

  Bastin, C ^a,b   Salmon, E ^a,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LIÈGE   (Belgium)

^b FNRS   (Belgium)

^c UNIVERSITY OF LIÈGE   (Belgium)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMYLOID PROTEIN; APOLIPOPROTEIN E4; BIOLOGICAL MARKER; FLUORODEOXYGLUCOSE; TAU PROTEIN;

ALZHEIMER DISEASE; ANTERIOR CINGULATE; APOE EPSILON4 GENE; BRAIN ATROPHY; CEREBROSPINAL FLUID; COGNITION; COHORT ANALYSIS; DEMENTIA; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; DIAGNOSTIC TEST ACCURACY STUDY; DISEASE COURSE; DOUBLE MEMORY TEST; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; FREE AND CUED SELECTIVE REMINDING TEST; GENOTYPE; GLUCOSE METABOLISM; HUMAN; INFORMATION RETRIEVAL; INTERMETHOD COMPARISON; LANGUAGE ABILITY; LEARNING AND MEMORY TEST; LONGITUDINAL STUDY; MEMORY; MEMORY DISORDER; MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT; NEUROIMAGING; NEUROPSYCHOLOGY; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; POPULATION RESEARCH; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; PREDICTION; RECALL; REVIEW; SEMANTIC MEMORY; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; VERBALIZATION; WORKING MEMORY; BLOOD; EARLY DIAGNOSIS; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST; PROCEDURES;

ALZHEIMER DISEASE; BIOLOGICAL MARKERS; DISEASE PROGRESSION; EARLY DIAGNOSIS; HUMANS; MEMORY; MENTAL RECALL; NEUROIMAGING; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS;

EID: 84908894185     PISSN: 09543007     EISSN: 14765640     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2014.176     Document Type: Review

References (97)

1. McKhann GM, Knopman DS, Chertkow H, Hyman BT, Jack Jr CR, Kawas CH et al. The diagnosis of dementia due to Alzheimer's disease: recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2011; 7: 263-269.
2. Jack Jr CR, Holtzman DM. Biomarker modeling of Alzheimer's disease. Neuron 2013; 80: 1347-1358.
3. Villemagne VL, Burnham S, Bourgeat P, Brown B, Ellis KA, Salvado O et al. Amyloid beta deposition, neurodegeneration, and cognitive decline in sporadic Alzheimer's disease: a prospective cohort study. Lancet Neurol 2013; 12: 357-367.
4. Reiman EM, Langbaum JB, Fleisher AS, Caselli RJ, Chen K, Ayutyanont N et al. Alzheimer's Prevention Initiative: a plan to accelerate the evaluation of presymptomatic treatments. J Alzheimers Dis 2011; 26(Suppl 3): 321-329.
5. Stern Y. Cognitive reserve in ageing and Alzheimer's disease. Lancet Neurol 2012; 11: 1006-1012.
6. Nourhashemi F, Gillette-Guyonnet S, Andrieu S, Ghisolfi A, Ousset PJ, Grandjean H et al. Alzheimer disease: protective factors. Am J Clin Nutr 2000; 71: 643s-649s.
7. Helmer C, Peuchant E, Letenneur L, Bourdel-Marchasson I, Larrieu S, Dartigues JF et al. Association between antioxidant nutritional indicators and the incidence of dementia: results from the PAQUID prospective cohort study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2003; 57: 1555-1561.
8. Ronnemaa E, Zethelius B, Vessby B, Lannfelt L, Byberg L, Kilander L. Serum fatty-acid composition and the risk of Alzheimer's disease: a longitudinal population-based study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2012; 66: 885-890.
9. Bandayrel K, Wong S. Systematic literature review of randomized control trials assessing the effectiveness of nutrition interventions in community-dwelling older adults. J Nutr Educ Behav 2011; 43: 251-262.
10. Barberger-Gateau P, Samieri C, Allès B, Féart C. Could nutrition prevent the onset of dementia? Current evidence from epidemiological and intervention studies. Future Medicine 2012; 2: 305-314.
11. Shah R. The role of nutrition and diet in Alzheimer disease: a systematic review. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2013; 14: 398-402.
12. Masur DM, Sliwinski M, Lipton RB, Blau AD, Crystal HA. Neuropsychological prediction of dementia and the absence of dementia in healthy elderly persons. Neurology 1994; 44: 1427.
13. Elias MF, Beiser A, Wolf PA, Au R, White RF, D'Agostino RB. The preclinical phase of alzheimer disease: A 22-year prospective study of the Framingham Cohort. Arch Neurol 2000; 57: 808-813.
14. Saxton J, Lopez OL, Ratcliff G, Dulberg C, Fried LP, Carlson MC et al. Preclinical Alzheimer disease: neuropsychological test performance 1.5 to 8 years prior to onset. Neurology 2004; 63: 2341-2347.
15. Tierney MC, Yao C, Kiss A, McDowell I. Neuropsychological tests accurately predict incident Alzheimer disease after 5 and 10 years. Neurology 2005; 64: 1853-1859.
16. Hall CB, Ying J, Kuo L, Sliwinski M, Buschke H, Katz M et al. Estimation of bivariate measurements having different change points, with application to cognitive ageing. Stat Med 2001; 20: 3695-3714.
17. Grober E, Hall CB, Lipton RB, Zonderman AB, Resnick SM, Kawas C. Memory impairment, executive dysfunction, and intellectual decline in preclinical Alzheimer's disease. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2008; 14: 266-278.
18. Wilson RS, Leurgans SE, Boyle PA, Bennett DA. Cognitive decline in prodromal Alzheimer disease and mild cognitive impairment. Arch Neurol 2011; 68: 351-356.
19. Petersen RC, Smith GE, Waring SC, Ivnik RJ, Tangalos EG, Kokmen E. Mild cognitive impairment: Clinical characterization and outcome. Arch Neurol 1999; 56: 303-308.
20. Petersen RC, Negash S. Mild cognitive impairment: An overview. CNS Spectr 2008; 13: 45-53.
21. Mitchell AJ, Shiri-Feshki M. Rate of progression of mild cognitive impairment to dementia-meta-analysis of 41 robust inception cohort studies. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2009; 119: 252-265.
22. Caselli RJ, Locke DE, Dueck AC, Knopman DS, Woodruff BK, Hoffman-Snyder C et al. The neuropsychology of normal aging and preclinical Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2014; 10: 84-92.
23. Tierney MC, Szalai JP, Snow WG, Fisher RH, Nores A, Nadon G et al. Prediction of probable Alzheimer's disease in memory-impaired patients: A prospective longitudinal study. Neurology 1996; 46: 661-665.
24. Fowler KS, Saling MM, Conway EL, Semple JM, Louis WJ. Paired associate performance in the early detection of DAT. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2002; 8: 58-71.
25. Artero S, Tierney MC, Touchon J, Ritchie K. Prediction of transition from cognitive impairment to senile dementia: a prospective, longitudinal study. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2003; 107: 390-393.
26. Blackwell AD, Sahakian BJ, Vesey R, Semple JM, Robbins TW, Hodges JR. Detecting dementia: novel neuropsychological markers of preclinical Alzheimer's disease. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2004; 17: 42-48.
27. Ivanoiu A, Adam S, Van der Linden M, Salmon E, Juillerat AC, Mulligan R et al. Memory evaluation with a new cued recall tests in patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. J Neurol 2005; 252: 47-55.
28. Tabert MH, Manly JJ, Liu X, Pelton GH, Rosenblum S, Jacobs M et al. Neuropsychological prediction of conversion to Alzheimer disease in patients with mild cognitive impairment. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2006; 63: 916-924.
29. Griffith HR, Netson KL, Harrell LE, Zamrini EY, Brockington JC, Marson DC. Amnestic mild cognitive impairment: diagnostic outcomes and clinical prediction over a two-year time period. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2006; 12: 166-175.
30. Marcos A, Gil P, Barabash A, Rodriguez R, Encinas M, Fernandez C et al. Neuropsychological markers of progression from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2006; 21: 189-196.
31. Hodges JR, Erzinçlioglu S, Patterson K. Evolution of cognitive deficits and conversion to dementia in patients with mild cognitive impairment: A very-long term follow-up study. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2006; 21: 380-391.
32. Albert M, Blacker D, Moss MB, Tanzi R, McArdle JJ. Longitudinal change in cognitive performance among individuals with mild cognitive impairment. Neu-ropsychology 2007; 21: 158-169.
33. Blacker D, Lee H, Muzikansky A, Martin EC, Tanzi R, McArdle JJ et al. Neuropsychological measures in normal individuals that predict subsequent cognitive decline. Arch Neurol 2007; 64: 862-871.
34. Fleisher AS, Sowell BB, Taylor C, Gamst AC, Petersen RC, Thal LJ. Clinical predictors of progression to Alzheimer disease in amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Neurology 2007; 68: 1588-1595.
35. Rami L, Gomez-Anson B, Sanchez-Valle R, Bosch B, Monte GC, Llado A et al. Longitudinal study of amnesic patients at high risk for Alzheimer's disease: clinical, neuropsychological and magnetic resonance spectroscopy features. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2007; 24: 402-410.
36. Perri R, Serra L, Carlesimo GA, Caltagirone C. Early Diagnosis Group of the Italian Interdisciplinary Network on Alzheimer's D. Amnestic mild cognitive impairment: difference of memory profile in subjects who converted or did not convert to Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychology 2007; 21: 549-558.
37. Sarazin M, Berr C, De Rotrou J, Fabrigoule C, Pasquier F, Legrain S et al. Amnestic syndrome of the medial temporal type identifies prodromal AD: a longitudinal study. Neurology 2007; 69: 1859-1867.
38. Ahmed S, Mitchell J, Arnold R, Nestor PJ, Hodges JR. Predicting rapid clinical progression in amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2008; 25: 170-177.
39. Rabin LA, Pare N, Saykin AJ, Brown MJ, Wishart HA, Flashman LA et al. Differential memory test sensitivity for diagnosing amnestic mild cognitive impairment and predicting conversion to Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychol Dev Cogn B Aging Neuropsychol Cogn 2009; 16: 357-376.
40. Lekeu F, Magis D, Marique P, Delbeuck X, Bechet S, Guillaume B et al. The California Verbal Learning Test and other standard clinical neuropsychological tests to predict conversion from mild memory impairment to dementia. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2010; 32: 164-173.
41. Pozueta A, Rodriguez-Rodriguez E, Vazquez-Higuera JL, Mateo I, Sanchez-Juan P, Gonzalez-Perez S et al. Detection of early Alzheimer's disease in MCI patients by the combination of MMSE and an episodic memory test. BMC Neurol 2011; 11: 78.
42. Hanseeuw B, Ivanoiu A. Performance on the RI-48 cued recall test best predicts conversion to dementia at the 5-and 10-year follow-ups. Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra 2011; 1: 258-266.
43. Molinuevo JL, Gomez-Anson B, Monte GC, Bosch B, Sanchez-Valle R, Rami L. Neuropsychological profile of prodromal Alzheimer's disease (Prd-AD) and their radiological correlates. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2011; 52: 190-196.
44. Irish M, Lawlor BA, Coen RF, O'Mara SM. Everyday episodic memory in amnestic mild cognitive impairment: a preliminary investigation. BMC Neurosci 2011; 12: 80.
45. Gomez-Tortosa E, Mahillo-Fernandez I, Guerrero R, Montoya J, Alonso A, Sainz MJ. Outcome of mild cognitive impairment comparing early memory profiles. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2012; 20: 827-835.
46. Cunha C, Guerreiro M, de Mendonca A, Oliveira PE, Santana I. Serial position effects in Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, and normal aging: predictive value for conversion to dementia. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2012; 34: 841-852.
47. Schmand B, Eikelenboom P, van Gool WA. Value of diagnostic tests to predict conversion to Alzheimer's disease in young and old patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment. J Alzheimers Dis 2012; 29: 641-648.
48. Didic M, Felician O, Barbeau EJ, Mancini J, Latger-Florence C, Tramoni E et al. Impaired visual recognition memory predicts Alzheimer's disease in amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2013; 35: 291-299.
49. Mura T, Proust-Lima C, Jacqmin-Gadda H, Akbaraly TN, Touchon J, Dubois B et al. Measuring cognitive change in subjects with prodromal Alzheimer's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2013; 85: 363-370.
50. Paajanen T, Hanninen T, Tunnard C, Hallikainen M, Mecocci P, Sobow T et al. CERAD neuropsychological compound scores are accurate in detecting prodromal alzheimer's disease: a prospective addneuromed study. J Alzheimers Dis 2014; 39: 679-690.
51. Lyness SA, Lee AY, Zarow C, Teng EL, Chui HC. 10-minute delayed recall from the modified mini-mental state test predicts Alzheimer's disease pathology. J Alzheimers Dis 2014; 39: 575-582.
52. Amieva H, Jacqmin-Gadda H, Orgogozo JM, Le Carret N, Helmer C, Letenneur L et al. The 9 year cognitive decline before dementia of the Alzheimer type: A prospective population-based study. Brain 2005; 128: 1093-1101.
53. Smith GE, Pankratz VS, Negash S, Machulda MM, Petersen RC, Boeve BF et al. A plateau in pre-Alzheimer memory decline: evidence for compensatory mechanisms? Neurology 2007; 69: 133-139.
54. Howieson DB, Dame A, Camicioli R, Sexton G, Payami H, Kaye JA. Cognitive markers preceding Alzheimer's dementia in the healthy oldest old. J Am Geriatr Soc 1997; 45: 584-589.
55. Small BJ, Fratiglioni L, Viitanen M, Winblad B, Backman L. The course of cognitive impairment in preclinical Alzheimer disease: three-and 6-year follow-up of a population-based sample. Arch Neurol 2000; 57: 839-844.
56. Chen P, Ratcliff G, Belle SH, Cauley JA, DeKosky ST, Ganguli M. Cognitive tests that best discriminate between presymptomatic AD and those who remain nondemented. Neurology 2000; 55: 1847-1853.
57. Schmid NS, Taylor KI, Foldi NS, Berres M, Monsch AU. Neuropsychological signs of Alzheimer's disease 8 years prior to diagnosis. J Alzheimers Dis 2013; 34: 537-546.
58. Buschke H, Sliwinski MJ, Kuslansky G, Lipton RB. Diagnosis of early dementia by the Double Memory Test: encoding specificity improves diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. Neurology 1997; 48: 989-997.
59. Adam S, Van der Linden M, Poitrenaud J, Kalafat M. GREMEM lmd. L'épreuve de rappel indicé à 48 items (RI-48). In: Van der Linden M editor. L'évaluation des troubles de la mémoire: Présentation de quatre tests de mémoire épisodique (avec leur étalonnage). Marseille: Solal, 2004.
60. Grober E, Buschke H, Crystal H, Bang S, Dresner R. Screening for dementia by memory testing. Neurology 1988; 38: 900-903.
61. Grober E, Lipton RB, Hall C, Crystal H. Memory impairment on free and cued selective reminding predicts dementia. Neurology 2000; 54: 827-832.
62. Carlesimo GA, Perri R, Caltagirone C. Category cued recall following controlled encoding as a neuropsychological tool in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: a review of the evidence. Neuropsychol Rev 2011; 21: 54-65.
63. Dubois B, Feldman HH, Jacova C, DeKosky ST, Barberger-Gateau P, Cummings J et al. Research criteria for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: Revising the NINCDS-ADRDA criteria. Lancet Neurol 2007; 6: 734-746.
64. Braak H, Braak E. Neuropathological stageing of Alzheimer-related changes. Acta Neuropathologica 1991; 82: 239-259.
65. Lekeu F, Van der Linden M, Chicherio C, Collette F, Degueldre C, Franck G et al. Brain correlates of performance in a free/cued recall task with semantic encoding in Alzheimer disease. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2003; 17: 35-45.
66. Sarazin M, Chauvire V, Gerardin E, Colliot O, Kinkingnehun S, de Souza LC et al. The amnestic syndrome of hippocampal type in Alzheimer's disease: an MRI study. J Alzheimers Dis 2010; 22: 285-294.
67. Davachi L. Item, context and relational episodic encoding in humans. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2006; 16: 693-700.
68. Gainotti G, Quaranta D, Vita MG, Marra C. Neuropsychological predictors of conversion from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2014; 38: 481-495.
69. Bruscoli M, Lovestone S. Is MCI really just early dementia? A systematic review of conversion studies. Int Psychogeriatr 2004; 16: 129-140.
70. Amieva H, Le Goff M, Millet X, Orgogozo JM, Peres K, Barberger-Gateau P et al. Prodromal Alzheimer's disease: successive emergence of the clinical symptoms. Ann Neurol 2008; 64: 492-498.
71. Riley KP, Jicha GA, Davis D, Abner EL, Cooper GE, Stiles N et al. Prediction of preclinical Alzheimer's disease: longitudinal rates of change in cognition. J Alzheimers Dis 2011; 25: 707-717.
72. Small BJ, Herlitz A, Fratiglioni L, Almkvist O, Backman L. Cognitive predictors of incident Alzheimer's disease: a prospective longitudinal study. Neuropsychology 1997; 11: 413-420.
73. Raoux N, Amieva H, Le Goff M, Auriacombe S, Carcaillon L, Letenneur L et al. Clustering and switching processes in semantic verbal fluency in the course of Alzheimer's disease subjects: Results from the PAQUID longitudinal study. Cortex 2008; 44: 1188-1196.
74. Barbeau EJ, Didic M, Joubert S, Guedj E, Koric L, Felician O et al. Extent and neural basis of semantic memory impairment in mild cognitive impairment. J Alzheimers Dis 2012; 28: 823-837.
75. Arnaiz E, Jelic V, Almkvist O, Wahlund LO, Winblad B, Valind S et al. Impaired cerebral glucose metabolism and cognitive functioning predict deterioration in mild cognitive impairment. Neuroreport 2001; 12: 851-855.
76. Jacobs DM, Sano M, Dooneief G, Marder K, Bell KL, Stern Y. Neuropsychological detection and characterization of preclinical Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 1995; 45: 957-962.
77. Didic M, Ranjeva JP, Barbeau E, Confort-Gouny S, Fur YL, Felician O et al. Impaired visual recognition memory in amnestic mild cognitive impairment is associated with mesiotemporal metabolic changes on magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging. J Alzheimers Dis 2010; 22: 1269-1279.
78. De Anna F, Felician O, Barbeau E, Mancini J, Didic M, Ceccaldi M. Cognitive changes in mild cognitive impairment patients with impaired visual recognition memory. Neuropsychology 2014; 28: 98-105.
79. Parra MA, Abrahams S, Fabi K, Logie R, Luzzi S, Della Sala S. Short-term memory binding deficits in Alzheimer's disease. Brain 2009; 132: 1057-1066.
80. Della Sala S, Parra MA, Fabi K, Luzzi S, Abraham S. Short-term memory binding is impaired in AD but not in non-AD dementias. Neuropsychologia 2012; 50: 833-840.
81. Parra MA. Cognitive assessement in Alzheimer's disease. Advances in Alzheimer's disease 2013; 2: 123-125.
82. Devanand DP, Liu X, Tabert MH, Pradhaban G, Cuasay K, Bell K et al. Combining early markers strongly predicts conversion from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease. Biol Psychiatry 2008; 64: 871-879.
83. Albert MS, DeKosky ST, Dickson D, Dubois B, Feldman HH, Fox NC et al. The diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease: recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2011; 7: 270-279.
84. Sperling RA, Aisen PS, Beckett LA, Bennett DA, Craft S, Fagan AM et al. Toward defining the preclinical stages of Alzheimer's disease: recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2011; 7: 280-292.
85. Visser PJ, Scheltens P, Verhey FR, Schmand B, Launer LJ, Jolles J et al. Medial temporal lobe atrophy and memory dysfunction as predictors for dementia in subjects with mild cognitive impairment. J Neurol 1999; 246: 477-485.
86. Peters F, Villeneuve S, Belleville S. Predicting progression to dementia in elderly subjects with mild cognitive impairment using both cognitive and neuroimaging predictors. J Alzheimers Dis 2014; 38: 307-318.
87. Segovia F, Bastin C, Salmon E, Gorriz JM, Ramirez J, Phillips C. Combining PET images and neuropsychological test data for automatic diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. PLoS One 2014; 9: e88687.
88. Linn RT, Wolf PA, Bachman DL, Knoefel JE, Cobb JL, Belanger AJ et al. The 'pre-clinical phase' of probable Alzheimer's disease. A 13-year prospective study of the Framingham cohort. Arch Neurol 1995; 52: 485-490.
89. Chen P, Ratcliff G, Belle SH, Cauley JA, DeKosky ST, Ganguli M. Patterns of cognitive decline in presymptomatic Alzheimer disease: a prospective community study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2001; 58: 853-858.
90. Backman L, Small BJ, Fratiglioni L. Stability of the preclinical episodic memory deficit in Alzheimer's disease. Brain 2001; 124(Pt 1): 96-102.
91. Rapp MA, Reischies FM. Attention and executive control predict Alzheimer disease in late life: results from the Berlin Aging Study (BASE). Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2005; 13: 134-141.
92. Johnson DK, Storandt M, Morris JC, Galvin JE. Longitudinal study of the transition from healthy aging to Alzheimer disease. Arch Neurol 2009; 66: 1254-1259.
93. Auriacombe S, Helmer C, Amieva H, Berr C, Dubois B, Dartigues JF. Validity of the free and cued selective reminding test in predicting dementia: the 3C study. Neurology 2010; 74: 1760-1767.
94. Rabin LA, Wang C, Katz MJ, Derby CA, Buschke H, Lipton RB. Predicting Alzheimer's disease: neuropsychological tests, self-reports, and informant reports of cognitive difficulties. J Am Geriatr Soc 2012; 60: 1128-1134.
95. Borroni B, Anchisi D, Paghera B, Vicini B, Kerrouche N, Garibotto V et al. Combined 99mTc-ECD SPECT and neuropsychological studies in MCI for the assessment of conversion to AD. Neurobiol Aging 2006; 27: 24-31.
96. Gomar JJ, Bobes-Bascaran MT, Conejero-Goldberg C, Davies P, Goldberg TE. Utility of combinations of biomarkers, cognitive markers, and risk factors to predict conversion from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer disease in patients in the Alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2011; 68: 961-969.
97. Venneri A, Gorgoglione G, Toraci C, Nocetti L, Panzetti P, Nichelli P. Combining neuropsychological and structural neuroimaging indicators of conversion to Alzheimer's disease in amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Curr Alzheimer Res 2011; 8: 789-797.