Ethnicity and child health in northern tanzania: Maasai pastoralists are disadvantaged compared to neighbouring ethnic groups

PLoS ONE

Volumn 9, Issue 10, 2014, Pages

  Lawson, David W ^a   Mulder, Monique Borgerhoff ^b,c   Ghiselli, Margherita E ^d   Ngadaya, Esther ^e   Ngowi, Bernard ^e   Mfinanga, Sayoki G M ^e   Hartwig, Kari ^f   James, Susan ^c  

^a LONDON SCHOOL OF HYGIENE AND TROPICAL MEDICINE   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^c Savannas Forever Tanzania ^*  (Tanzania)

^d UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA   (United States)

^e NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR MEDICAL RESEARCH   (Tanzania)

^f ST CATHERINE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CARBOHYDRATE;

ANTHROPOMETRY; ARTICLE; ATTITUDE TO BREAST FEEDING; BREAST FEEDING; CARBOHYDRATE DIET; CHILD; CHILD HEALTH; CONTROLLED STUDY; CULTURAL FACTOR; DEMOGRAPHY; DIET; ECOLOGY; ETHNIC GROUP; ETHNICITY; FEMALE; FOOD INSECURITY; FRUIT; HEALTH CARE POLICY; HELMINTHIASIS; HUMAN; LIVESTOCK; MAASAI (PEOPLE); MALARIA; MALE; MEDICAL RESEARCH; MERU; MILK; MORBIDITY; MULTIPLE REGRESSION; NUTRITIONAL STATUS; RANGI; SELF REPORT; SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH; SOCIOECONOMICS; SUKUMA (PEOPLE); TANZANIA; VACCINATION; VEGETABLE; BLACK PERSON; CHILD WELFARE; CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY; ETHNOLOGY; PRESCHOOL CHILD; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; VULNERABLE POPULATION;

AFRICAN CONTINENTAL ANCESTRY GROUP; CHILD; CHILD WELFARE; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; CULTURE; HUMANS; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS; TANZANIA; VULNERABLE POPULATIONS;

EID: 84908583830     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110447     Document Type: Article

References (76)

1. Mulholland EK, Smith L, Carneiro I, Becher H, Lehmann D (2008) Equity and child-survival strategies. Bull World Health Organ 86: 399-407.
2. Ruhago GM, Ngalesoni FN, Norheim OF (2012) Addressing inequity to achieve the maternal and child health millennium development goals: looking beyond averages. BMC Public Health 12: 1119.
3. Wirth ME, Balk D, Delamonica E, Storeygard A, Sacks E, et al. (2006) Setting the stage for equity-sensitive monitoring of the maternal and child health Millennium Development Goals. Bull World Health Organ 84: 519-27.
4. Moradi A, Baten J (2005) Inequality in Sub-Saharan Africa: New Data and New Insights from Anthropometric Estimates. World Development 33: 1233-1265.
5. Brockerhoff M, Hewett P (2000) Inequality of child mortality among ethnic groups in sub-Saharan Africa. Bull World Health Organ 78: 30-41.
6. Crawhall N (2006) MDGs, Globalisation and Indigenous Peoples in Africa. Indigenous Affairs 1: 6-13.
7. Walker B (2013) State of the World's Minorities and Indigenous Peoples 2013. London: Minority Rights Group International.
8. Ohenjo N, Willis R, Jackson D, Nettleton C, Good K, et al. (2006) Health of Indigenous people in Africa. The Lancet 367: 1937-1946.
9. Catley A, Lind J, Scoones I (2013) Pastoralism and Development in Africa: Dynamic Change at the Margins. New York: Routledge.
10. Hampshire K (2002) Networks of nomads: negotiating access to health resources among pastoralist women in Chad. Soc Sci Med 54: 1025-1037.
11. Sellen DW (1996) Nutritional status of African pastoralists: a review of the literature. Nomad People 39: 107-134.
12. Sika NK, Hodgson DL (2006) In the shadow of the MDGs: pastoralist women and children in Tanzania. Indigenous Affairs 1: 30-37.
13. Zinsstag J, Ould Taleb M, Craig PS (2006) Health of nomadic pastoralists: new approaches towards equity effectiveness. Trop Med Int Health 11: 565-8.
14. Homewood K, Kristjanson P, Trench P (2010) Staying Maasai: Livelihoods, Conservation and Development in East African Rangelands. New York: Springer.
15. Spear T, Waller R (1993) Being Maasai: ethnicity and identity in East Africa. James Currey.
16. Buzinde CN, Kalavar JM, Melubo K (2013) Tourism and community wellbeing: The case of the Maasai in Tanzania. Annals of Tourism Research 44: 20-35
17. Kalavar JM, Buzinde CN, Melubo K, Simon J (2014) Intergenerational Differences in Perceptions of Heritage Tourism Among the Maasai of Tanzania. J Cross Cult Gerontol 29: 53-67.
18. Goldman MJ, Riosmena F (2013) Adaptive capacity in Tanzanian Maasailand: Changing strategies to cope with drought in fragmented landscapes. Glob Environ Change 23: 588-597.
19. Galaty JG (2013) Land grabbing in the east African rangelands. In Catley A, Lind J, Scooness I, editors. Pastoralism and Development in Africa: Dynamic Change at the Margins. New York: Routledge. pp. 131-142.
20. Ngoitiko M, Sinandei M, Meitaya P, Nelson F (2010) Pastoral Activists: Negotiating Power Imbalances in the Tanzanian Serengeti. In Nelson F, editor. Community rights, conservation and contested land: the politics of natural resource governance in Africa. London: Earthscan. pp. 269-289.
21. Fearon JD (2003) Ethnic and Cultural Diversity by Country. Economic Growth 8: 195-222.
22. Campbell J (1999) Nationalism, ethnicity and religion: fundamental conflicts and the politics of identity in Tanzania. Nations and Nationalism 5: 105-125.
23. Weber A (2009) The Causes of Politicization of Ethnicity: A Comparative Case Study of Kenya and Tanzania. Centre for Comparative and International Studies, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich.
24. Armstrong Schellenberg JRM, Mrisho M, Manzi F, Shirima K, Mbuya C, et al. (2008) Health and survival of young children in southern Tanzania. BMC Public Health 8: 194.
25. Batura N (2013) The determinatns and impact of long-term child undernutrition: Evidence from rural Tanzania. PhD thesis. SOAS, University of London.
26. Hadley C (2005) Ethnic expansions and between-group differences in children's health: a case study from the Rukwa Valley, Tanzania. Am J Phys Anthropol 128: 682-92.
27. Kruger C, Olsen OE, Mighay E, Ali M (2013) Immunisation coverage and its associations in rural Tanzanian infants. Rural Remote Health 13: 2457.
28. Hadley C, Patil CL, Gulas C (2010) Social Learning and Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices. Curr Anthropol 51: 551-560.
29. Hadley C, Mulder MB, Fitzherbert E (2007) Seasonal food insecurity and perceived social support in rural Tanzania. Pub Health Nutr 10: 544-551.
30. Sellen DW (1999) Growth patterns among seminomadic pastoralists (Datoga) of Tanzania. Am J Phys Anth 2: 187-209.
31. Sellen DW (2000) Age, sex and anthropometric status of children in an African pastoral community. Ann J Hum Biol 27: 345-65.
32. Borgerhoff Mulder M, Beheim BA (2011) Understanding the nature of wealth and its effects on human fitness. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 366: 344-56.
33. Homewood KM (1992) Development and the ecology of Maasai pastoralist food and nutrition. Ecol Food Nutr 29: 61-80.
34. Hawkes K, Connell JFO, Jones NGB (1997) Hadza Women' s Time Allocation, Offspring Provisioning, and the Evolution of Long Postmenopausal Life Spans. Curr Anthropol 38: 551-577.
35. Garenne M, Zwang J (2006) Premarital Fertility and Ethinicity in Africa. DHS Comparative Reports No.13.
36. De Onis M, Onyango A, Borghi E, Siyam A, Blössner M, et al. (2012) Worldwide implementation of the WHO Child Growth Standards. Public Health Nutrition 15: 1603-1610.
37. Coates J, Swindale A, Bilinsky P (2007) Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) for Measurement of Food Access: Indicator Guide (v.3) Washington DC: Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance Project, Academy for Educational Development, August 2007.
38. Knueppel D, Demment M, Kaiser L (2010) Validation of the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale in rural Tanzania. Public Health Nutrition 13: 360-7.
39. Clarke P (2008) When can group level clustering be ignored? Multilevel models versus single-level models with sparse data. J Epidemiol Community Health 62: 752-8.
40. StataCorp (2013) Stata statistical software: release 13. College Station, TX: StataCorp LP.
41. National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) [Tanzania] and ICF Macro (2011) Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey 2010. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: NBS and ICF Macro.
42. Hadley C, Crooks DL (2012) Coping and the biosocial consequences of food insecurity in the 21st century. Am J Phys Anthropol 149: 72-94.
43. Hill AG (1985) Population, Health and Nutrition in the Sahel. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
44. Little MA, Galvin KA, Leslie PW (1988) Health and energy requirements of nomadic Turkana pastoralists. In Coping with Uncertainty in Food Supply. London: Oxford University Press. pp. 288-315.
45. Nathan MA, Fratkin EM, Roth ER (1996) Sedentism and Child Health Among Rendille Pastoralists of Northern Kenya. Soc Sci Med 43: 503-515.
46. Corbett S, Gray S, Campbell B, Leslie PW (2003) Comparison of body composition among settled and nomadic Turkana of Kenya. Ecol Food Nutr 42: 193-212.
47. Nestel PS (1989) Food intake and growth in the Maasai. Ecol Food Nutr 23: 17-30.
48. Hoppe C, Mølgaard C, Michaelsen KF (2006) Cow's milk and linear growth in industrialized and developing countries. An Rev Nutr 26: 131-73.
49. Wiley AS (2011) Cow milk consumption, insulin-like growth factor-I, and human biology: a life history approach. Am J Hum Biol 24: 130-8.
50. de Beer H (2012) Dairy products and physical stature: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials. Econ Hum Biol 10: 299-309.
51. Iannotti LL, Dulience SJL, Green J, Joseph S, François J, et al. (2014) Linear growth increased in young children in an urban slum of Haiti: a randomized controlled trial of a lipid-based nutrient supplement. Am J Clin Nutr 99: 198-208.
52. Little MA, Johnson BR (1987) Mixed-longitudinal growth of nomadic Turkana pastoralists. Hum Biol 59: 695-707.
53. Galvin KA (1991) Nutritional Ecology of Pastoralists in Dry Tropical Africa. Am J Hum Biol 4: 209-221.
54. Migliano AB, Vinicius L, Mirazo M (2007) Life history trade-offs explain the evolution of human pygmies. PNAS 104: 18-21.
55. Deaton A (2007) Height, health, and development. PNAS 104: 13232-7.
56. Walker R, Gurven M, Hill K, Migliano A, Chagnon N, et al. (2006) Growth rates and life histories in twenty-two small-scale societies. Am J Hum Biol 18: 295-311.
57. Sellen D, Smay D (2001) Relationship between subsistence and age at weaning in ''preindustrial'' societies. Human Nature 12: 47-87.
58. Wander K, Mattison SM (2013) The evolutionary ecology of early weaning in Kilimanjaro.
59. Omariba D, Boyle M (2007) Family Structure and Child Mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa: Cross-National Effects of Polygyny. J Marriage Fam 69: 528-543.
60. Strassmann BI (1997) Polygyny as a Risk Factor for Child Mortality Among the Dogon. Curr Anthropol 38: 688-695.
61. Lawson DW, Uggla C (2014) Family Structure and Health in the Developing World: What Can Evolutionary Anthropology Contribute to Population Health Science? In Applied Evolutionary Anthropology: Darwinian Approaches to Contemporary World Issues pp. 85-118.
62. Lawson DW, Mace R (2011) Parental investment and the optimization of human family size. Phil Trans Roy Soc B: Biol Sci 366: 333-343.
63. Hadley C, Borgerohoff Mulder M, Fitzherbert E (2007) Seasonal food insecurity and perceived social support in rural Tanzania. Pub Health Nutr 10: 544-51.
64. Coast E (2001) Maasai demography. University College London. PhD thesis. University of London.
65. Wiley AS (2009) Consumption of milk, but not other dairy products, is associated with height among U.S. preschool children in NHANES 1999-2002. Ann Hum Biol 36: 125-138
66. Oiye S, Simel JO, Oniang'o R, Johns T (2009) The Maasai food system and food and nutrition security. In Kuhnlein HV, Erasmus B & Spigelski D. (Eds) Indigenous Peoples' Food Systems: The many dimensions of culture, diversity and environment for nutrition and health. FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Centre for Indigenous Peoples' Nutrition and Environment, Rome, Italy pp. 231-249
67. Hodgson DL (2011) Being Maasai, Becoming Indigenous: Postcolonial Politics in a Neoliberal World. Indiana University Press.
68. Azarya V (2004) Globalization and international tourism in developing countries: marginality as a commercial commodity. Curr Sociol 52: 949-967.
69. Faris S (24 Oct 2013) Can a tribe sue for copyright? The Maasai want royalties for use of their name. Bloomberg Buisnessweek. Available: http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2013-10-24/africas-maasai-tribe-seek-royalties-forcommercial-use-of-their-name. Accessed: 2014 Sep 26.
70. Hodgson DL (2002) Precarious Alliances: The Cultural Politics and Structural Predicaments of the Indigenous Rights Movement in Tanzania. Am Anthropol 104: 1086-1097.
71. Levi JM, Maybury-Lewis B (2012) Becoming Indigenous: Identity and Heterogeneity in a Global Movement. In Hall GH, Anthony Patrinos, H, editors. Indigenous Peoples, Poverty and Development. Cambridge University Press. pp. 73-117.
72. Fratkin EM (2013) Seeking alternative livelihoods in pastoral areas. In Catley A, Lind J, Scoones I, editors. Pastoralism and Development in Africa: Dynamic Change at the Margins New York: Routledge. pp. 197-205.
73. McCabe JT, Leslie PW, Deluca L (2010) Adopting Cultivation to Remain Pastoralists: The Diversification of Maasai Livelihoods in Northern Tanzania. Hum Ecol 38: 321-334.
74. Brainard JM (1991) Health and development in a rural Kenyan community. Peter Lang.
75. Masanja H, de Savigny D, Smithson P, Schellenberg J, John T, et al. (2008) Child survival gains in Tanzania: analysis of data from Demographic and Health Surveys. Lancet 371: 1276-1283
76. Aichele SR, Borgerhoff Mulder M, James S, Grimm K (2014) Attitudinal and Behavioral Characteristics Predict High Risk Sexual Activity in Rural Tanzanian Youth. PLoS ONE 9(6): e99987. doi: 10.1371/journal.-pone.0099987.