Adopting cultivation to remain pastoralists: The diversification of Maasai livelihoods in northern Tanzania

Human Ecology

Volumn 38, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 321-334

  McCabe, J Terrence ^a   Leslie, Paul W ^b   DeLuca, Laura ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

^b University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill   (United States)

Author keywords

Livelihood diversification; Maasai; Pastoralists; Tanzania

Indexed keywords

CULTIVATION; CULTURAL CHANGE; CULTURAL RELATIONS; ETHNIC GROUP; PASTORALISM; SOCIAL ORGANIZATION; TRADITIONAL AGRICULTURE;

TANZANIA;

EID: 77952672406     PISSN: 03007839     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10745-010-9312-8     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Barth, F. (1961). Nomads of South Persia: The Basseri Tribe of the Khamseh Confederacy. Little Brown and Company, Boston.
2. Batterbury, S. (2001). Landscapes of Diversity: A Local Political Ecology of Livelihood Diversification in South-Western Niger. Ecumene 8(4): 437-463.
3. Bernard, H. R. (2006). Research Methods in Anthropology. Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches, 4th ed. Altamira, New York.
4. Brockington, D. (2001). Fortress Conservation. The Preservation of the Mkomazi Game Reserve. James Currey, African Issues series.
5. Burnsilver, S. (2007). Pathways of Continuity and Change: Diversification, Intensification and Mobility in Maasailand Kenya. Ph. D dissertation. Graduate Degree Program in Ecology. Colorado State University.
6. Ensminger, J. (1992). Making a market: The Institutional Transition of an African Society. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
7. Fernandez-Gimenez, M. (2002). Spatial and Social Boundaries and the Paradox of Pastoral Land Tenure: A Case Study for Postsocialist Mongolia. Human Ecology 30(1): 49-78.
8. Field, C. R., Moll, G., and ole Sonkoi, C. (1997). Livestock development. In Thompson, S. M. (ed.), Multiple Land Use: The Experience of the Ngorongoro Conservation Area Tanzania. IUCN, Geneva, pp. 181-199.
9. Fratkin, E., and Mearns, R. (2003). Sustainablity and pastoral livelihoods: Lessons from East African Maasai and Mongolia. Human Organization 62(2): 112-122.
10. Fratkin, E., and Roth, E. (1990). Drought and Economic Differentiation among Ariaal Pastoralists of Kenya. Human Ecology 18(4): 385-402.
11. Fratkin, E., and Roth, E. (2005). As Pastoralists Settle: Social, Health, and Economic Consequences of the Pastoral Sedentarization in Marsabit District. Kluwer Academic, Kenya.
12. Galaty, J. (1994) Rangeland Tenure and Pastoralism in Africa. In Fratkin, E., Galvin, K., & Roth, E. A. (eds.), 1994. African Pastoral Systems: an integrated approach. Lynne Rienner, pp 185-204.
13. Galaty, J. (1999). Grounding Pastoralists: Law, Politics and Dispossession in East Africa. Nomadic Peoples 3(2): 56-73.
14. Goldman, M. (2003). Partitioned nature, privileged knowledge,: community based conservation in Tanzania. Development and Change 34(5): 833-862.
15. Grandin, B. (1988). Wealth and Pastoral Dairy Production: A Case Study of Maasailand. Human Ecology 16: 1-21.
16. Hampshire, K., and Randall, S. (2000). Pastoralists, Agropastoralists and Migrants: Interactions Between Fertility and Mobility in Northern Burkina Faso. Population Studies 54: 247-261.
17. Homewood, K. (2004). Policy, Environment and development in African rangelands. Environmental Science and Policy 7: 125-143.
18. Homewood, K. (2008). Ecology of African Pastoral Societies. James Currey Ltd., Oxford.
19. Homewood, K., and Brockington, D. (1999). Biodiversity, Conservation And Development in Mkomazi Game Reserve, Tanzania. Global Ecology and Biogeography 8: 301-313.
20. Homewood, K. M., Thompson, P. T., Kiruswa, S., and Coast, E. (2005). Community- and State-based Natural Resource Management and Local Livelihoods in Maasailand. Special issue on Community Based Natural Resource Management. Afriche e Orienti 2: 84-101.
21. Homewood, K., Patti, K., and Pippa, T. (eds.) (2009). Staying Maasai: Livelihoods, Conservation and Development in East African Rangelands. Springer, New York.
22. Igoe, J. (2003a). Scaling Up Civil Society: Donor Money, NGOs and the Pastoralist Land Rights Movement in Tanzania. Development and Change 34(5): 863-885.
23. Igoe, J. (2003b). Conservation and Globalization: A Study of National Parks and Indigenous Communities from East Africa to South Dakota. Wadsworth, Belmont.
24. LaRovere, R., Hieraux, P., van Keulen, H., Schiere, J. B., and Szonyo, J. A. (2005). Co-evolutionary Scenarios of Intensification and Privatization of Resource use in Rural Communities of South-Western Niger. Agricultural Systems 83(3): 251-276.
25. Leserogol, C. (2008). Contesting the Commons: Privatizing Pastoral Lands in Kenya. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor.
26. Leslie, P., and Dyson-Hudson, R. (1999). People and herds. In Little, M. A., and Leslie, P. W. (eds.), Turkana Herders of the Dry Savanna. Ecology and Biobehavioral Response of Nomads to an Uncertain Environment. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp. 233-247.
27. Little, P. (2003). Somalia: Economy Without a State. Indiana University Press, Bloomington.
28. Little, P., Smith, K., Cellarius, B., Coppock, D., and Barrett, C. (2001). Avoiding Disaster: Diversification and Risk Management Among East African Herders. Development and Change 32: 410-433.
29. Marin, A. (2008). Between Cash Cows and Golden Calves: Adaptations of Mongolian Pastoralism in the "Age of the Market". Nomadic Peoples 12(2): 75-101.
30. Marshall, F. (1990). Origins of Specialized Pastoral Production in East Africa. American Anthropologist 92: 873-894.
31. McCabe, J. T. (1997). Risk and Uncertainty Among the Maasai of the Ngorongoro Conservation Area in Tanzania: A Case Study in Economic Change. Nomadic Peoples 1(1): 54-65.
32. McCabe, J. T. (2003). Sustainability and Livelihood Diversification Among the Maasai of Northern Tanzania. Human Organization 62(3): 100-111.
33. May, A., and McCabe, J. T. (2004). City Work in a Time of AIDS: Maasai Labor Migration in Tanzania. Africa Today 51(2): 3-32.
34. O'Malley, M. E. (2000). Cattle and Cultivation: Changing Land Use Patterns in Pastoral Maasai Livelihoods, Loliondo Division, Ngorongoro District, Tanzania. Ph. D dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado.
35. Potkanski, T. (1997). Pastoral Economy, Property Rights and Traditional Assistant Mechanisms Among the Ngorongoro and Salei Maasai of Tanzania. London: International Institute for Environment and Development, Pastoral Land Tenure Series Monograph 2.
36. Spear, T. (1993). Being "Maasai" but not "People of the Cattle." Arusha Agricultural Maasai in the Nineteenth Century. In Spear, T., and Waller, R. (eds.), Being Maasai: Ethnicity and Identity in East Africa. James Currey, London.
37. Thebaud, B., and Batterbury, S. (2001). Sahel Pastoralists: Opportunism, Struggle, Conflict and Negation. A Case Study from Eastern Niger. Global Environmental Change 11: 69-78.
38. Waller, R. D. (1988) Emutai: Crisis and Response in Maasailand 1883-1902. In Johnson, D., and Anderson, D. (eds.), The Ecology of Survival: Case Studies from Northeast African History. Lester Crook Academic Publishing/ Westview Press, pp73-114.
39. Western, D. (1997). In the Dust of Kilimanjaro. Island, Washington.