Fundamental mismatches between measurements and models in aeolian sediment transport prediction: The role of small-scale variability

Aeolian Research

Volumn 15, Issue , 2014, Pages 245-251

  Barchyn, Thomas E ^a   Martin, Raleigh L ^b   Kok, Jasper F ^b   Hugenholtz, Chris H ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Aeolian sediment transport; Measurement; Modeling; Prediction

Indexed keywords

EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS; EOLIAN DEPOSIT; MEASUREMENT METHOD; NUMERICAL MODEL; PREDICTION; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT;

EID: 84908259110     PISSN: 18759637     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.aeolia.2014.07.002     Document Type: Note

References (100)

1. Anderson R.S., Haff P.K. Simulation of eolian saltation. Science 1988, 241:820-823. 10.1126/science.241.4867.820.
2. Anderson R.S., Haff P.K. Wind modification and bed response during saltation of sand in air. Acta Mech. Suppl. 1991, 1:21-51.
3. Andreotti B. A two-species model of aeolian sand transport. J. Fluid Mech. 2004, 510:47-70. 10.1017/S0022112004009073.
4. Arens S.M., Mulder J.P.M., Slings Q.L., Geelen L.H.W.T., Damsma P. Dynamic dune management, integrating objectives of nature development and coastal safety: examples from the Netherlands. Geomorphology 2013, 199:205-213. 10.1016/j.geomorph.2012.10.034.
5. Ashkenazy Y., Yizhaq H., Tsoar H. Sand dune mobility under climate change in the Kalahari and Australian deserts. Clim. Change 2012, 112:901-923. 10.1007/s10584-011-0264-9.
6. Baas A.C.W. Evaluation of saltation flux impact responders (Safires) for measuring instantaneous aeolian sand transport intensity. Geomorphology 2004, 59:99-118. 10.1016/j.geomorph.2003.09.009.
7. Baas A.C.W. Wavelet power spectra of aeolian sand transport by boundary layer turbulence. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2006, 33:L05403. 10.1007/s10584-011-0264-9.
8. Baas A.C.W. Complex systems in aeolian geomorphology. Geomorphology 2007, 91:311-331. 10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.04.012.
9. Baas A.C.W. Challenges in aeolian geomorphology: investigating aeolian streamers. Geomorphology 2008, 93:3-16. 10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.12.015.
10. Baas A.C.W., Sherman D.J. Formation and behaviour of aeolian streamers. J. Geophys. Res. 2005, 110:F03011. 10.1029/2004JF000270.
11. Baas, A.C.W., Van den Berg, F., 2010. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) monitoring of aeolian sand transport over a beach. In: Abstracts Volumen, International Conference on Aeolian Research 2010, Santa Rosa, Argentina, 2010, p. 2.
12. Bagnold R.A. The movement of desert sand. Proc. R. Soc. London A 1936, 157:594-620.
13. Bagnold R.A. The Physics of Blown Sand and Desert Dunes 1941, Methuen, London, p. 265.
14. Barchyn T.E., Hugenholtz C.H. Comparison of four methods to calculate aeolian sediment transport threshold from field data: implications for transport prediction and discussion of method evolution. Geomorphology 2011, 129:190-203.
15. Barchyn T.E., Hugenholtz C.H. Reactivation of supply-limited dune fields from blowouts: a conceptual framework for state characterization. Geomorphology 2013, 201:172-182. 10.1016/j.geomorph.2013.06.019.
16. Barchyn T.E., Hugenholtz C.H., Ellis J.T. A call for standardization of aeolian process measurements: moving beyond relative case studies. Earth Surf. Proc. Land. 2011, 36:702-705. 10.1002/esp.2136.
17. Barchyn T.E., Hugenholtz C.H., Li B., McKenna Neuman C., Sanderson S. From particle counts to flux: wind tunnel testing and calibration of the 'Wenglor' aeolian sediment transport sensor. Aeolian Res. 2014, 15:311-318.
18. Bauer B.O., Davidson-Arnott R.G.D. Aeolian particle flux profiles and transport unsteadyness. J. Geophys. Res. Earth Surf. 2014, 119:1542-1563. 10.1002/2014JF003128.
19. Bauer B.O., Davidson-Arnott R.G.D., Nordstrom K.F., Ollerhead J., Jackson N.L. Indeterminacy in aeolian sediment transport across beaches. J. Coastal Res. 1996, 12:641-653.
20. Bauer B.O., Yi J., Namikas S.L., Sherman D.J. Event detection and conditional averaging in unsteady aeolian systems. J. Arid Environ. 1998, 39:345-375. 10.1006/jare.1998.0380.
21. Bauer B.O., Walker I.J., Baas A.C.W., Jackson D.W.T., McKenna Neuman C., Wiggs G.F.S., Hesp P.A. Critical reflections on the coherent flow structures paradigm in aeolian geomorphology. Coherent Flow Structures at Earth's Surface 2013, 111-134. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., doi: 10.1002/9781118527221.ch8. J.G. Venditti, M. Church, R.J. Hardy (Eds.).
22. Bridges N., Geissler P., Silvestro S., Banks M. Bedform migration on Mars: current results and future plans. Aeolian Res. 2014, 9:133-151. 10.1016/j.aeolia.2013.02.004.
23. Butterfield G.R. Transitional behaviour of saltation: wind tunnel observations of unsteady winds. J. Arid Environ. 1998, 39:377-394.
24. Butterfield G.R. Grain transport rates in steady and unsteady turbulent airflows. Acta Mech. Suppl. 1991, 1:123-134.
25. Carneiro M.V., Pähtz T., Herrmann H.J. Jump at the onset of saltation. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2011, 107:098001. 10.1103/PhysRevLett. 107.098001.
26. Delgado-Fernandez I., Davidson-Arnott R. Meso-scale aeolian sediment input to coastal-dunes: the nature of aeolian transport events. Geomorphology 2011, 126:217-232.
27. Durán O., Herrmann H.J. Vegetation against dune mobility. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2006, 97:188001. 10.1103/PhysRevLett. 97.188001.
28. Durán O., Moore L.J. Vegetation controls on the maximum size of coastal dunes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2013, 110:17217-17222. 10.1073/pnas.1307580110.
29. Durán O., Andreotti B., Claudin P. On aeolian transport: grain-scale interactions, dynamical mechanisms and scaling laws. Aeolian Res. 2011, 3:243-270. 10.1016/j.aeolia.2011.07.006.
30. Durán O., Andreotti B., Claudin P. Numerical simulation of turbulent sediment transport, from bed load to saltation. Phys. Fluids 2012, 24:103306. 10.1063/1.4757662.
31. Dupont S., Bergametti G., Marticorena B., Simoëns S. Modelling saltation intermittency. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 2013, 118:7109-7128. doi: 10.1002/jgrd.50528.
32. Dupont S., Bergametti G., Simoëns S. Modeling aeolian erosion in the presence of vegetation. J. Geophys. Res. Earth Surf. 2014, 119:168-187. 10.1002/2013JF002875.
33. Edwards B.L., Namikas S.L. Small-scale variability in surface moisture on a fine-grained beach: implications for modeling aeolian transport. Earth Surf. Proc. Land. 2009, 34:1333-1338.
34. Elbelhriti H., Claudin P., Andreotti B. Field evidence for surface-wave-induced instability of sand dunes. Nature 2005, 437:720-723. 10.1038/nature04058.
35. Ellis, J.T., Sherman, D.J., 2013. Fundamentals of aeolian sediment transport: wind-blown sand. In: Shroder, J. (Ed. in chief), Lancaster, N., Sherman, D.J., Baas, A.C.W. (eds.), Treatise on Geomorphology, vol. 11, Academic Press, San Diego, CA, USA, pp. 85-108.
36. Ellis J.T., Morrison R.F., Priest B.H. Detecting impacts of sand grains with a microphone system in field conditions. Geomorphology 2009, 105:87-94. 10.1016/j.geomorph.2008.02.017.
37. Farrell E.J., Sherman D.J. Process-scaling issues for aeolian transport modelling in field and wind tunnel experiments: roughness length and mass flux distributions. J. Coastal Res. Special Issue 2006, 39:384-389.
38. Field J.P., Belnap J., Breshears D.D., Neff J.C., Okin G.S., Whicker J.J., Painter T.H., Ravi S., Reheis M.C., Reynolds R.L. The ecology of dust. Front. Ecol. Environ. 2009, 8:423-430. 10.1890/090050.
39. Gillette D.A., Blifford I.H., Fryrear D.W. The influence of wind velocity on the size distributions of aerosols generated by the wind erosion of soils. J. Geophys. Res. 1974, 79:4068-4075.
40. Goossens D., Offer Z., London G. Wind tunnel and field calibration of five aeolian sand traps. Geomorphology 2000, 35:233-252. 10.1016/S0169-555X(00)00041-6.
41. Greeley R., Iversen J.D. Wind as a Geological Process on Earth, Mars, Venus and Titan 1985, Cambridge University Press, New York, p. 348.
42. Harvey D. Explanation in Geography 1969, Edward Arnold, London, p. 521.
43. Hugenholtz C.H., Barchyn T.E. Laboratory and field performance of a laser particle counter for measuring aeolian sand transport. J. Geophys. Res. 2011, 116:F01010. 10.1029/2010JF001822.
44. Hugenholtz C.H., Moorman B.J., Riddell K., Whitehead K. Small unmanned aircraft systems for remote sensing and Earth science research. Eos Trans. AGU 2012, 93:236. 10.1029/2012EO250005.
45. Hugenholtz C.H., Brown O.W., Barchyn T.E. Estimating aerodynamic roughness (z0) from terrestrial laser scanning point cloud data over un-vegetated surfaces. Aeolian Res. 2013, 10:161-169.
46. Jackson D.W.T., McCloskey J. Preliminary results from a field investigation of aeolian sand transport using high resolution wind and transport measurements. Geophys. Res. Lett. 1997, 24:163-166.
47. Jerolmack D.J., Reitz R.D., Martin R.L. Sorting out abrasion in a gypsum dune field. J. Geophys. Res. 2011, 116:F02003. 10.1029/2010JF001821.
48. Kaimal J.C., Finnigan J.J. Atmospheric Boundary Layer Flows: Their Structure and Measurement 1994, Oxford University Press, Oxford, p. 304.
49. King J., Nickling W.G., Gillies J.A. Aeolian shear stress ratio measurements within mesquite-dominated landscapes of the Chihuahuan Desert, New Mexico, USA. Geomorphology 2006, 82:229-244. 10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.05.004.
50. Kleinhans M.G. Sorting out river channel patterns. Prog. Phys. Geogr. 2010, 34:287-326. 10.1177/0309133310365300.
51. Kleinhans M.G., Bierkins M.F.P., van der Perk M. HESS Opinions on the use of laboratory experimentation: hydrologists, bring out shovels and garden hoses and hit the dirt. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 2010, 14:369-382. 10.5194/hess-14-369-2010.
52. Kok J.F. Does the size distribution of mineral dust aerosols depend on the wind speed at emission?. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2011, 11:10149-10156. 10.5194/acp-11-10149-2011.
53. Kok J.F., Renno N.O. Electrostatics in wind-blown sand. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2008, 100:014501. 10.1103/PhysRevLett. 100.014501.
54. Kok J.F., Renno N.O. A comprehensive numerical model of steady state saltation. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 2009, 114:D17204. 10.1029/2009JD011702.
55. Kok J.F., Parteli E.J.R., Michaels T.I., Bou Karam D. The physics of wind-blown sand and dust. Rep. Prog. Phys. 2012, 75:106901. doi:10.1088/0034-4885/75/10/106901.
56. Kok J.F., Mahowald N.M., Albani S., Fratini G., Gillies J.A., Ishizuka M., Leys J.F., Mikami M., Park M.-S., Van Pelt R.S., Ward D.S., Zobeck T.M. An improved dust emission model with insights into the global dust cycle's climate sensitivity. Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss. 2014, 14:6361-6425. 10.5194/acpd-14-6361-2014.
57. Lämmel M., Rings D., Kroy K. A two-species continuum model for aeolian sand transport. New J. Phys. 2012, 14:093037. 10.1088/1367-2630/14/9/093037.
58. Lee J.A. A field experiment on the role of small scale wind gustiness in aeolian sand transport. Earth Surf. Proc. Land. 1987, 12:331-335.
59. Li B., McKenna Neuman C. Boundary-layer turbulence characteristics during aeolian saltation. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2012, 39:L11402. 10.1029/2012GL052234.
60. Livingstone I., Wiggs G.F.S., Weaver C.M. Geomorphology of desert sand dunes: a review of recent progress. Earth Sci. Rev. 2007, 80:239-257. 10.1016/j.earscirev.2006.09.004.
61. Lorenz R.D. Physics of saltation and sand transport on Titan: a brief review. Icarus 2014, 230:162-167. 10.1016/j.icarus.2013.06.023.
62. Ma G.S., Zheng X.J. The fluctuation property of windblown sand particles and the wind-sand flow evolution studied by numerical method. Eur. Phys. J. E 2011, 34:54. 10.1140/epje/i2011-11054-3.
63. Mahowald N., Ward D.S., Kloster S., Flanner M.G., Heald C.L., Heavens N.G., Hess P.G., Lamarque J.-F., Chuang P.Y. Aerosol impacts on climate and biochemistry. Ann. Rev. Environ. Resour. 2011, 36:45-74. 10.1146/annurev-environ-042009-094507.
64. Martin R.L., Barchyn T.E., Hugenholtz C.H., Jerolmack D.J. Timescale dependence of aeolian sand flux under atmospheric turbulence. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 2013, 118:1-15. 10.1002/jgrd.50687.
65. Marx S.K., McGowan H.A., Kamber B.S., Knight J.M., Denholm J., Zawadzki A. Unprecedented wind erosion and perturbation of surface geochemistry marks the Anthropocene in Australia. J. Geophys. Res. Earth Surf. 2014, 119:1-17. 10.1002/2013JF002948.
66. McEwan, I.K., Willetts, B.B., 1993. Sand transport by wind: a review of the current conceptual model. In: Pye, K. (ed.), The Dynamics and Environmental Context of Aeolian Sedimentary Systems, vol. 72, pp. 7-16.
67. Mikami M., Yamada Y., Ishizuka M., Ishimaru T., Gao W., Zeng F. Measurement of saltation process over gobi and sand dunes in the Taklimakan desert, China, with newly developed sand particle counter. J. Geophys. Res. 2005, 110:D18S02. 10.1029/2004JD004688.
68. Namikas S.L. Field measurement and numerical modelling of aeolian mass flux distributions on a sandy beach. Sedimentology 2003, 50:303-326. 10.1046/j.1365-3091.2003.00556.x.
69. Nickling W.G., McKenna Neuman C.M. Wind tunnel evaluation of a wedge-shaped aeolian sediment trap. Geomorphology 1997, 18:333-345.
70. Nield J.M., Wiggs G.F.S., Squirrell R.S. Aeolian sand strip mobility and protodune development on a drying beach: examining surface moisture and surface roughness patterns measured by terrestrial laser scanning. Earth Surf. Proc. Land. 2011, 36:513-522. 10.1002/esp.2071.
71. Nield J.M., King J., Wiggs G.F.S., Leyland J., Bryant R.G., Chiverrell R.C., Darby S.E., Eckardt F.D., Thomas D.S.G., Vircavs L.H., Washington R. Estimating aerodynamic roughness over complex surface terrain. J. Geophys. Res. 2013, 118:JD020632.
72. O'Hara S., Wiggs G., Mamedov B., Davidson G., Hubbard R. Exposure to airborne dust contaminated with pesticide in the Aral Sea region. The Lancet 2000, 355:627-628. 10.1016/S0140-6736(99)04753-4.
73. Oreskes N., Shrader-Frechette K., Belitz K. Verification, validation, and confirmation of numerical models in earth sciences. Science 1994, 263:641-646. 10.1126/science.263.5147.641.
74. Pähtz T., Kok J.F., Herrmann H.J. The apparent roughness of a sand surface blown by wind from an analytical model of saltation. New J. Phys. 2012, 14:043035. 10.1088/1367-2630/14/4/043035.
75. Pähtz T., Kok J.F., Parteli E.J.R., Herrmann H.J. Flux saturation length of sediment transport. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2013, 111:218002. 10.1103/PhysRevLett. 111.218002.
76. Phillips J.D. Laws, contingencies, irreversible divergence, and physical geography. Prof. Geographer 2004, 56:37-43. 10.1111/j.0033-0124.2004.05601006.x.
77. Rhoads, B.L., Thorn, C.E., 1996. The scientific nature of geomorphology. In: Proceedings of the 27th Binghamton Symposium in Geomorphology held 27-29 September 1996, John Wiley & Sons, p. 481.
78. Rosenberg P.D., Parker D.J., Ryder C.L., Marsham J.H., Garcia-Carreras L., Dorsey J.R., Brooks I.M., Dean A.R., Crosier J., McQuaid J.B., Washington R. Quantifying particle size and turbulent scale dependence of dust flux in the Sahara using aircraft measurements. J. Geophys. Res. -Atmos. 2014, 119:7577-7598. 10.1002/2013JD021255.
79. Sauermann G., Kroy K., Herrmann H.J. Continuum saltation model for sand dunes. Phys. Rev. E 2001, 64:031305. 10.1103/PhysRevE.64.031305.
80. Schönfeldt H.-J., von Lowis S. Turbulence-driven saltation in the atmospheric surface layer. Meteorol. Z. 2003, 12:257-268. 10.1127/0941-2948/2003/0012-0257.
81. Shao Y., Raupach M.R., Findlater P.A. Effect of saltation bombardment on the entrainment of dust by wind. J. Geophys. Res. 1993, 98:12719-12726.
82. Sherman D.J., Jackson D.W.T., Namikas S.L., Wang J. Wind-blown sand on beaches: an evaluation of models. Geomorphology 1998, 22:113-133.
83. Sherman D.J., Farrell E.J. Aerodynamic roughness lengths over movable beds: Comparison of wind tunnel and field data. J. Geophys. Res. 2008, 113:F02S08. 10.1029/2007JF000784.
84. Sherman D.J., Li B., Farrell E.J., Ellis J.T., Cox W.D., Maia L.P., Sousa P.H.G.O. Measuring aeolian saltation: a comparison of sensors. J. Coastal Res. 2011, 59:280-290. 10.2112/SI59-030.1.
85. Sherman D.J., Houser C., Ellis J.T., Farrell E.J., Li B., Davidson-Arnott R.G.D., Baas A.C.W., Maia L.P. Characterization of aeolian streamers using time-average videography. J. Coastal Res. Spec. Issue 2013, 65:1331-1336. 10.2112/SI65-225.1.
86. Skiles S.M., Painter T.M., Deems J.S., Bryant A.C., Landry C.C. Dust radiative forcing in snow of the Upper Colorado River Basin: 2, interannual variability in radiative forcing and snowmelt rates. Water Resour. Res. 2012, 48:W07522. 10.1029/2012WR011986.
87. Sørensen M. On the rate of aeolian sand transport. Geomorphology 2004, 59:53-62. 10.1016/j.geomorph.2003.09.005.
88. Spies P.-J., McEwan I. Equilibration of saltation. Earth Surf. Proc. Land. 2000, 25:437-453.
89. Spies P.-J., McEwan I.K., Butterfield G.R. One-dimensional transitional behavior in saltation. Earth Surf. Proc. Land. 2000, 25:505-518.
90. Sterk G., Jacobs A.F.G., van Boxel J.H. The effect of turbulent flow structures on saltation sand transport in the atmospheric boundary layer. Earth Surf. Proc. Land. 1998, 23:877-887.
91. Stout J.E., Zobeck T.M. Intermittent saltation. Sedimentology 1997, 44:959-970. 10.1046/j.1365-3091.1997.d01-55.x.
92. Stull R.B. An Introduction to Boundary Layer Meteorology 1988, Springer, p. 666.
93. Walker I.J. Physical and logistical considerations of using ultrasonic anemometers in aeolian sediment transport research. Geomorphology 2005, 68:57-76. 10.1016/j.geomorph.2004.09.031.
94. Weaver C.M., Wiggs G.F.S. Field measurements of mean and turbulent airflow over a barchan sand dune. Geomorphology 2011, 128:32-41. 10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.12.020.
95. Werner B.T. A steady-state model of wind-blown sand transport. J. Geol. 1990, 98:1-17.
96. Wiggs G.F.S., Weaver C.M. Turbulent flow structures and aeolian sediment transport over a barchans sand dune. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2012, 39:L05404. 10.1029/2012GL050847.
97. Wiggs G.F.S., Livingstone I., Warren A. The role of streamline curvature in sand dune dynamics: evidence from field and wind tunnel measurements. Geomorphology 1996, 17:29-46. 10.1016/0169-555X(95)00093-K.
98. Wiggs G.F.S., Baird A.J., Atherton R.J. The dynamic effects of moisture on the entrainment and transport of sand by wind. Geomorphology 2004, 59:13-30.
99. Wilby R.L., Wigley T.M.L. Downscaling general circulation model output: a review of methods and limitations. Prog. Phys. Geogr. 1997, 21:530-548. 10.1177/030913339702100403.
100. Van Boxel J.H., Sterk G., Arens S.M. Sonic anemometers in aeolian sediment transport research. Geomorphology 2004, 59:131-147. 10.1016/j.geomorph.2003.09.011.