Event detection and conditional averaging in unsteady aeolian systems

Journal of Arid Environments

Volumn 39, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 345-375

  Bauer, Bernard O ^a   Yi, Jianchun ^a   Namikas, Steven L ^a   Sherman, Douglas J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Aeolian transport; Bursting; Turbulent structures; VITA method; Wind unsteadiness

Indexed keywords

EID: 0032128093     PISSN: 01401963     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1006/jare.1998.0380     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (83)

1. Afredsson, P.H. & Johansson, A.V. (1989). The art of detection of turbulence structures. In: Kline, S.J. & Afgan, N.H. (Eds), Near-wall Turbulence: 1988 Zoran Zaric Memorial Conference, pp. 888-896. New York, NY: Hemisphere Publishing Corporation. 951 pp.
2. Anderson, R.S. & Haff, P.K. (1988). Simulation of colian saltation. Science, 241: 820-823.
3. Anderson, R.S. & Haff, P.K. (1991). Wind modification and bed response during saltation of sand in air. Acta Mechanica, (Suppl.) 1: 21-52.
4. Anderson, R.S., Sorenson, M. & Willetts, B.B. (1991). A review of recent progress in our understanding of aeolian sediment transport. Acta Mechanica, (Suppl.) 1:1-19.
5. Bagnold, R.A. (1941). The Physics of Blown Sand and Desert Dunes. New York, NY: William Morrow and Company. 265 pp.
6. Bauer, B.O. & Namikas, S.L. (in press). Design and field test of a continuously-weighing, tipping-bucket assembly for aeolian sand traps. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, Technical and Software Bulletin, 23.
7. Bauer, B.O., Davidson-Arnott, R.G.D., Nordstrom, K.F., Ollerhead, J. & Jackson, N.L. (1996). Indeterminacy in aeolian sediment transport across beaches. Journal of Coastal Research, 12: 641-653.
8. Best, J.L. (1993). On the interactions between turbulent flow structure, sediment transport, and bedform development: some considerations from recent experimental research. In: Clifford, N.J., French, J.R. & Hardisty, J. (Eds), Turbulence: perspectives on flow and sediment transport, pp. 61-92. Chichester, England: John Wiley and Sons Ltd. 360 pp.
9. Blackwelder, R.F. (1978). The bursting process in turbulent boundary layers. In: Smith, C.R. & Abbott, D.E. (Eds), Workshop on Coherent Structure of Turbulent Boundary Layers. Bethlehem, PA: Lehigh University. 211 pp.
10. nd Shear Flow Conference, AIAA-89-1009, Tempe, AZ, pp. 1-11.
11. Blackwelder, R.F. (1992). The eddy structure of bounded shear flows, pp. 6.1-6.18. Skin Friction Drag Reduction AGARD Report 786. Neuilly sur Seine, France: North Atlantic Treaty Organization. 176 pp.
12. Blackwelder, R.F. (1997). An experimental model for near-wall structure. In: Panton, R.L. (Ed.), Self-sustaining Mechanisms of Wall Turbulence, Advances in Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 15, pp. 49-64. Boston, MA: Computational Mechanics Publications. 422 pp.
13. Blackwelder, R.F. & Haritonidis, J.H. (1983). Scaling of the burst frequency in turbulent boundary layers. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 132: 87-104.
14. Blackwelder, R.F. & Kaplan, R.E. (1976). On the wall structure of the turbulent boundary layer. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 76: 89-112.
15. Bogard, D.G. & Tiederman, W.G. (1986). Burst detection with single-point velocity measurements. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 162: 389-413.
16. Boppe, R.S. & Neu, W.L. (1995). Quasi-coherent structures in the marine atmospheric surface layer. Journal of Geophysical Research, 100(C10): 20,635-20,648.
17. Brown, R.A. (1991). Fluid Mechanics of the Atmosphere. New York, NY: Academic Press. 489 pp.
18. Butterfield, G.R. (1991). Grain transport rates in steady and unsteady turbulent air flows. Acta Mechanica, (Suppl.) 1: 97-122.
19. Butterfield, G.R. (1993). Sand transport response to fluctuating wind velocity. In: Clifford, N.J., French, J.R. & Hardisty, J. (Eds), Turbulence: perspectives on flow and sediment transport, pp. 305-336. Chichester, England: John Wiley and Sons Ltd. 360 pp.
20. Chapman, D.M. (1991). Sand movement by wind: optimising predictive power. Coastal Sediments '91, Vol. 1, Proceedings of a Specialty Conference on Quantitative Approaches to Coastal Sediment Processes, pp. 235-245. New York, NY: ASCE.
21. Chen, C-H.P. & Blackwelder, R.F. (1978). Large-scale motion in a turbulent boundary layer: a study using temperature contamination. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 89: 1-31.
22. Clifford, N.J. & French, J.R. (1993). Monitoring and analysis of turbulence in geophysical boundaries: some analytical and conceptual issues. In: Clifford, N.J., French, J.R. & Hardisty, J. (Eds), Turbulence: perspectives on flow and sediment transport, pp. 93-120. Chichester, England: John Wiley and Sons Ltd. 360 pp.
23. Coleman, J.M. (1969). Brahmaputra River: channel processes and sedimentation. Sedimentary Geology, 3: 129-239.
24. Comte-Bellot, G.J., Sabot, J. & Saleh, I. (1978). Detection of intermittent events maintaining Reynolds stress. Dynamic Measurements in Unsteady Flows, Proceedings of the Dynamic Flow Conference, Skovlunde, Denmark, pp. 213-229.
25. Corino, E.R. & Brodkey, R.S. (1969). A visual investigation of the wall region in turbulent flow. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 37: 1-30.
26. Drake, T.G., Shreve, R.L., Dietrich, W.E., Whiting, P.J. & Leopold, L.B. (1988). Bedload transport of fine gravel observed by motion-picture photography. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 192: 193-217.
27. Falco, R.E. (1977). Coherent motions in the outer region of turbulent boundary layers. Physics of Fluids, 20(10): S124-S132.
28. Falco, R.E. & Gendrich, C.P. (1989). The turbulence burst detection algorithm of Z. Zaric. In: Kline, S.J. & Afgan, N.H. (Eds), Near-wall Turbulence: 1988 Zoran Zaric M emorial Conference, pp. 911-931. New York, NY: Hemisphere Publishing Corporation. 951 pp.
29. Gillette, D.A. & Stockton, P.H. (1989). The effect of nonerodible particles on wind erosion of erodible surfaces. Journal of Geophysical Research, 94(D1): 12,885-12,893.
30. Gordon, J.R. (1974). Intermittent momentum transport in a geophysical boundary layer. Nature 248: 392-394.
31. Grass, A.J. (1971). Structural features of turbulent flow over smooth and rough boundaries. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 50: 233-255.
32. Hardisty, J. (1993). Frequency analysis of sand transport in a turbulent air flow. In: Clifford, N.J., French, J.R. & Hardisty, J. (Eds), Turbulence: perspectives on flow and sediment transport, pp. 295-304. Chichester, England: John Wiley and Sons Ltd. 360 pp.
33. Head, M.R. & Bandyopadhyay, P. (1981). New aspects of turbulent boundary-layer structure. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 107: 297-338.
34. Heathershaw, A.D. (1974). "Bursting" phenomena in the sea. Nature, 248: 394-395.
35. Heathershaw, A.D. & Thorne, P.D. (1985). Sea-bed noises reveal the role of turbulent bursting phenomenon in sediment transport by tidal currents. Nature, 316: 339-342.
36. Hyson, P. (1972). Cup anemometer response to fluctuating wind speeds. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 11: 843-848.
37. Jackson, R.G. (1976). Sedimentological and fluid-dynamic implications of the turbulent bursting phenomenon in geophysical flows. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 77: 531-560.
38. Jackson, D.W. T. & McCloskey, J. (1997). Preliminary results from a field investigation of aeolian sand transport using high resolution wind and transport measurements. Geophysical Research Letters, 24(2): 163-166.
39. Kaimal, J.C. & Finnigan, J.J. (1994). Atmospheric Boundary Layer Flows: their structure and measurement. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. 289 pp.
40. Kawamura, R. (1951). Study of sand movement by wind. Reports of Physical Sciences Research Institute of Tokyo University, 5(3-4): 95-112 (In Japanese). (Translated in 1964 as University of California Hydraulics Engineering Laboratory Report HEL 2-8. Berkeley, CA, pp. 1-38.)
41. Kim, H.T., Kline, S.J. & Reynolds, W.C. (1971). The production of turbulence near a smooth wall in a turbulent boundary layer. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 50: 133-160.
42. King, L.V. (1914). On the convection of heat from small cylinders in a stream of fluid: determination of the convective constants of small platinum wires with applications to hot wire anemometry. Proceedings of the Royal Society, 214A(14): 373.
43. Kline, S.J. & Robinson, S.K. (1989). Quasi-coherent structures in the turbulent boundary layer: Part 1. Status report on community-wide summary of the data. In: Kline, S.J. & Afgan, N.H. (Eds), Near-wall Turbulence: 1988 Zoran Zaric Memorial Conference, pp. 200-217. New York, NY: Hemisphere Publishing Corporation. 951 pp.
44. Kline, S.J., Reynolds, W.C., Schraub, F.A. & Runstadler, P.W. (1967). The structure of turbulent boundary layers. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 30: 741-773.
45. Kostaschuk, R.A. & Church, M.A. (1993). Macroturbulence generated by dunes: Fraser River, Canada. Sedimentary Geology, 85: 25-37.
46. Kostaschuk, R.A. & Villard, P. (1996). Flow and sediment transport over large subaqueous dunes: Fraser River, Canada. Sedimentology, 43: 849-863.
47. Kovasznay, L.S.G. (1970). The turbulent boundary layer. Annual Reviews of Fluid Mechanics, 2: 95-112.
48. Lapointe, M. (1992). Burst-like sediment suspension events in a sand bed river. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 17: 253-270.
49. Laufer, J. (1975). New trends in experimental turbulence research. Annual Reviews of Fluid Mechanics, 7: 307-326.
50. Lee, J.A. (1987). A field experiment on the role of small scale wind gustiness in aeolian sand transport. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 12: 331-335.
51. Lettau, K. & Lettau, H. (1977). Experimental and micro-meteorological field studies of dune migration. In: Lettau, K. & Lettau, H. (Eds), Exploring the World's Driest Climate. University of Wisconsin-Madison IES Report 101. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin. 264 pp.
52. Lu, S.S. & Willmarth, W.W. (1973). Measurements of the structure of the Reynolds stress in a turbulent boundary layer. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 60: 481-511.
53. McEwan, I.K. (1993). Bagnold's kink: a physical feature of a wind velocity profile modified by blown sand? Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 18: 145-156.
54. McEwan, I.K. & Willetts, B.B. (1991). Numerical model of the saltation cloud. Acta Mechanica, (Suppl.) 1: 53-66.
55. McEwan, I.K. & Willetts, B.B. (1993). Sand transport by wind: a review of the current conceptual model. In: Pye, K. (Ed.), The Dynamics and Environmental Context of Aeolian Sedimentary Systems, pp. 7-16. Geological Society of London: Special Publication Number 72. 332 pp.
56. McKenna Neuman, C. & Nickling, W.G. (1994). Momentum extraction with saltation: implications for experimental evaluation of wind profile parameters. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 68: 35-50.
57. McLean, S.R., Nelson, J.M. & Shreve, R.L. (1996). Flow-sediment interactions in separating flows over bedforms. In: Ashworth, P.J., Bennett, S.J., Best, J.L. & McLelland, S.J. (Eds), Coherent Flow Structures in Open Channels, pp. 203-226. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons. 733 pp.
58. Muller, A. & Gyr, A. (1986). On the vortex formation in the mixing layer behind dunes. Journal of Hydraulic Research, 24: 359-375.
59. Myose, R.Y. & Blackwelder, R.F. (1994). On the role of the outer region in the turbulent-boundary-layer bursting process. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 259: 345-373.
60. Narasimha, R. & Kailas, S.V. (1990). Turbulent bursts in the atmosphere. Atmospheric Environment, 24A: 1635-1645.
61. Nezu, I. & Nakagawa, H. (1993). Turbulence in Open Channel Flows. International Association of Hydraulic Research Monograph Series. Rotterdam: A. A. Balkema. 281 pp.
62. Nickling, W.G. & McKenna Neuman, C. (1997). Wind tunnel evaluation of a wedge-shaped aeolian sediment trap. Geomorphology, 18: 333-345.
63. Offen, G.R. & Kline, S.J. (1974). Combined dye-streak and hydrogen-bubble visual observations of a turbulent boundary layer. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 62: 223-239.
64. Owen, P.R. (1964). Saltation of uniform grains in air. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 20: 225-242.
65. Rao, K.N., Narasimha, R. & Badri Narayanan, M.A. (1971). The "bursting" phenomenon in a turbulent boundary layer. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 48: 339-352.
66. Richardson, L.F. (1922). Weather Prediction by Numerical Analysis. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. 236 pp.
67. Robinson, S.K. (1991). Coherent motions in the turbulent boundary layer. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, 23: 601-639.
68. Robinson, S.K., Kline, S.J. & Spalart, P.R. (1989). Quasi-coherent structures in the turbulent boundary layer: Part 11. Verification and new information from a numerically simulated flatplate layer. In: Kline, S.J. & Afgan, N.H. (Eds), Near-wall Turbulence: 1988 Zoran Zaric Memorial Conference, pp. 218-247. New York, NY: Hemisphere Publishing Corporation. 951 pp.
69. Schumm, S.A. & Lichty, R.W. (1965). Time, space, and causality in geomorphology. American Journal of Science, 263: 110-119.
70. Scott, W.D., Hopwood, J.M. & Summers, K.J. (1995). A mathematical model of suspension with saltation. Acta Mechanica, 108: 1-22.
71. th International Conference, Coastal Engineering, pp. 4214-4226.
72. Spies, P. -J., McEwan, I.K. & Butterfield, G.R. (1995). On wind velocity profile measurements taken in wind tunnels with saltating grains. Sedimentology, 42: 515-521.
73. Sreenivasan, K.R. (1989). The turbulent boundary layer. In: Gad-el-Hak, M. (Ed.) Frontiers in Experimental Fluid Mechanics. Lecture Notes in Engineering, 46: 159-209.
74. Sterk, G., Jacobs, A.F.G. & van Boxel, J.H. (1996). The effect of turbulent flow structures on sand transport in the atmospheric boundary layer. In: Sterk, G. (Ed.), Wind Erosion in the Sahelian Zone of Niger: processes, models, and control techniques, pp. 13-31. Tropical Resource Management Papers 15. The Netherlands: Wageningen Agricultural University.
75. Tiederman, W.G. (1989). Eulerian detection of turbulent bursts. In: Kline, S.J. & Afgan, N.H. (Eds), Near-wall Turbulence: 1988 Zoran Zaric memorial Conference, pp. 874-887. New York, NY: Hemisphere Publishing Corporation. 951 pp.
76. Utami, T. & Ueno, T. (1987). Experimental study on the coherent structure of turbulent open-channel flow using visualization and picture processing. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 174: 399-440.
77. Venditti, J.G. (1997). Spatial and temporal turbulence structure over sub-aqueous dunes: field and laboratory experiments. M.S. thesis, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA. 137 pp.
78. Wallace, J.M., Eckelmann, H. & Brodkey, R.S. (1972). The wall region in turbulent shear flow. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 54: 39-48.
79. White, B.R. (1979). Soil transport by wind on Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research, 84: 4643-4651.
80. Williams, J.J., Butterfield, G.R. & Clark, D.G. (1994). Aerodynamic entrainment threshold: effects of boundary layer flow conditions. Sedimentology, 41: 309-328.
81. Willmarth, W.W. & Lu, S.S. (1972). Structure of the Reynolds stress near the wall. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 55: 65-92.
82. Willmarth, W.W. & Sharma, L.K. (1984). Study of turbulent structure with hot wires smaller than the viscous length. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 142: 121-149.
83. Yi, J. (1997). Turbulent characteristics of a natural beach boundary layer. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA. 192 pp.