Multiciliated Cells

Current Biology

Volumn 24, Issue 19, 2014, Pages R973-R982

  Brooks, Eric R ^a   Wallingford, John B ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN   (United States)

^b HOWARD HUGHES MEDICAL INSTITUTE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CELL POLARITY; CYTOLOGY; EUKARYOTE; EUKARYOTIC FLAGELLUM; EVOLUTION; HUMAN; METABOLISM; MICROTUBULE; PHYLOGENY; PHYSIOLOGY;

BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION; CELL POLARITY; CILIA; EUKARYOTA; HUMANS; MICROTUBULES; PHYLOGENY;

EID: 84908210308     PISSN: 09609822     EISSN: 18790445     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2014.08.047     Document Type: Review

References (120)

1. S.C. Goetz, and K.V. Anderson The primary cilium: a signalling centre during vertebrate development Nat. Rev. Genet. 11 2010 331 344
2. K. Sawamoto, H. Wichterle, O. Gonzalez-Perez, J.A. Cholfin, M. Yamada, N. Spassky, N.S. Murcia, J.M. Garcia-Verdugo, O. Marin, and J.L.R. Rubenstein New neurons follow the flow of cerebrospinal fluid in the adult brain Science 311 2006 629 632
3. A. Wanner, M. Salathé, and T.G. O'Riordan Mucociliary clearance in the airways Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 154 1996 1868 1902
4. R.A. Lyons, E. Saridogan, and O. Djahanbakhch The reproductive significance of human Fallopian tube cilia Hum. Reprod. Update 12 2006 363 372
5. H. Ishikawa, and W.F. Marshall Ciliogenesis: building the cell's antenna Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 12 2011 222 234
6. P. Satir, and S.T. Christensen Overview of structure and function of mammalian cilia Annu. Rev. Physiol. 69 2007 377 400
7. P. Satir, and M.A. Sleigh The physiology of cilia and mucociliary interactions Annu. Rev. Physiol. 52 1990 137 155
8. R. Golestanian, J.M. Yeomans, and N. Uchida Hydrodynamic synchronization at low Reynolds number Soft Matter 7 2011 3074 3082
9. C.J. Brokaw Thinking about flagellar oscillation Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 66 2009 425 436
10. D.R. Mitchell The evolution of eukaryotic cilia and flagella as motile and sensory organelles Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 607 2007 130 140
11. G. Jékely, and D. Arendt Evolution of intraflagellar transport from coated vesicles and autogenous origin of the eukaryotic cilium Bioessays 28 2006 191 198
12. S.I. Nikolaev, C. Berney, N.B. Petrov, A.P. Mylnikov, J.F. Fahrni, and J. Pawlowski Phylogenetic position of Multicilia marina and the evolution of Amoebozoa Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 56 2006 1449 1458
13. R.D. Allen The morphogenesis of basal bodies and accessory structures of the cortex of the ciliated protozoan Tetrahymena pyriformis J. Cell Biol. 40 1969 716 733
14. H. Machemer Ciliary activity and the origin of metachrony in Paramecium: effects of increased viscosity J. Exp. Biol. 57 1972 239 259
15. A. Riesgo, C. Taylor, and S.P. Leys Reproduction in a carnivorous sponge: the significance of the absence of an aquiferous system to the sponge body plan Evol. Dev. 9 2007 618 631
16. C. Nielsen Structure and function of metazoan ciliary bands and their phylogenetic significance Acta Zoologica 68 1987 205 262
17. I. Mizukami, and J. Gall Centriole replication II. Sperm formation in the fern, Marsilea, and the cycad, Zamia J. Cell Biol. 29 1966 97 111
18. M.E. Hodges, B. Wickstead, K. Gull, and J.A. Langdale The evolution of land plant cilia New Phytologist 195 2012 526 540
19. W.C. Worthington, and R.S. Cathcart Ependymal cilia: distribution and activity in the adult human brain Science 139 1963 221 222
20. Y. You, E.J. Richer, T. Huang, and S.L. Brody Growth and differentiation of mouse tracheal epithelial cells: selection of a proliferative population Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol. 283 2002 L1315 L1321
21. B. Guirao, A. Meunier, S. Mortaud, A. Aguilar, J.-M. Corsi, L. Strehl, Y. Hirota, A. Desoeuvre, C. Boutin, and Y.-G. Han Coupling between hydrodynamic forces and planar cell polarity orients mammalian motile cilia Nat. Cell Biol. 12 2010 341 350
22. R. Assheton Notes on the ciliation of the ectoderm of the amphibian embryo Quart. J. Microscopical Sci. 38 1895 465 484
23. M. Nokhbatolfoghahai, J.R. Downie, A.K. Clelland, and K. Rennison The surface ciliation of anuran amphibian embryos and early larvae: patterns, timing differences and functions J. Natural History 39 2005 887 929
24. M.E. Werner, and B.J. Mitchell Understanding ciliated epithelia: the power of Xenopus Genesis 50 2012 176 185
25. Y. Liu, N. Pathak, A. Kramer-Zucker, and I.A. Drummond Notch signaling controls the differentiation of transporting epithelia and multiciliated cells in the zebrafish pronephros Development 134 2007 1111 1122
26. M. Ma, and Y.-J. Jiang Jagged2a-notch signaling mediates cell fate choice in the zebrafish pronephric duct PLoS Genet. 3 2007 e18
27. P. Rompolas, R.S. Patel-King, and S.M. King Schmidtea mediterranea: a model system for analysis of motile cilia Methods Cell Biol. 93 2009 81 98
28. F. Ruiz, J. Beisson, J. Rossier, and P. Dupuis-Williams Basal body duplication in Paramecium requires gamma-tubulin Curr. Biol. 9 1999 43 46
29. D. Gogendeau, I. Hurbain, G. Raposo, J. Cohen, F. Koll, and R. Basto Sas-4 proteins are required during basal body duplication in Paramecium Mol. Biol. Cell 22 2011 1035 1044
30. A.J. Stemm-Wolf, G. Morgan, T.H. Giddings, E.A. White, R. Marchione, H.B. McDonald, and M. Winey Basal body duplication and maintenance require one member of the Tetrahymena thermophila centrin gene family Mol. Biol. Cell 16 2005 3606 3619
31. M.S. Lidow, and B.P.M. Menco Observations on axonemes and membranes of olfactory and respiratory cilia in frogs and rats using tannic acid-supplemented fixation and photographic rotation J. Ultrastruct. Res. 86 1984 18 30
32. M. Salathe Regulation of mammalian ciliary beating Annu. Rev. Physiol. 69 2007 401 422
33. S. Gueron, and K. Levit-Gurevich Energetic considerations of ciliary beating and the advantage of metachronal coordination Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96 1999 12240 12245
34. D.R. Brumley, K.Y. Wan, M. Polin, and R.E. Goldstein Flagellar synchronization through direct hydrodynamic interactions Elife 3 2014 e02750
35. D.R. Brumley, M. Polin, T.J. Pedley, and R.E. Goldstein Hydrodynamic synchronization and metachronal waves on the surface of the colonial alga Volvox carteri Phy. Rev. Lett. 109 2012 268102
36. S. Gueron, K. Levit-Gurevich, N. Liron, and J.J. Blum Cilia internal mechanism and metachronal coordination as the result of hydrodynamical coupling Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94 1997 6001 6006
37. J. Elgeti, and G. Gompper Emergence of metachronal waves in cilia arrays Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 110 2013 4470 4475
38. B. Guirao, and J.-F. Joanny Spontaneous creation of macroscopic flow and metachronal waves in an array of cilia Biophys. J. 92 2007 1900 1917
39. P. Rompolas, R.S. Patel-King, and S.M. King An outer arm Dynein conformational switch is required for metachronal synchrony of motile cilia in planaria Mol. Biol. Cell 21 2010 3669 3679
40. M.E. Werner, P. Hwang, F. Huisman, P. Taborek, C.C. Yu, and B.J. Mitchell Actin and microtubules drive differential aspects of planar cell polarity in multiciliated cells J. Cell Biol. 195 2011 19 26
41. M.A. Sleigh Primary ciliary dyskinesia Lancet 318 1981 476
42. M.A. Sleigh Adaptations of ciliary systems for the propulsion of water and mucus Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Part A: Physiol. 94 1989 359 364
43. J.M. Schrøder, J. Larsen, Y. Komarova, A. Akhmanova, R.I. Thorsteinsson, I. Grigoriev, R. Manguso, S.T. Christensen, S.F. Pedersen, and S. Geimer EB1 and EB3 promote cilia biogenesis by several centrosome-related mechanisms J. Cell. Sci. 124 2011 2539 2551
44. A. Kubo, A. Yuba-Kubo, S. Tsukita, S. Tsukita, and M. Amagai Sentan: a novel specific component of the apical structure of vertebrate motile cilia Mol. Biol. Cell 19 2008 5338 5346
45. E.R. Brooks, and J.B. Wallingford Control of vertebrate intraflagellar transport by the planar cell polarity effector Fuz J. Cell Biol. 198 2012 37 45
46. R.C. Boucher Airway surface dehydration in cystic fibrosis: pathogenesis and therapy Annu. Rev. Med. 58 2007 157 170
47. B. Button, L.-H. Cai, C. Ehre, M. Kesimer, D.B. Hill, J.K. Sheehan, R.C. Boucher, and M. Rubinstein A periciliary brush promotes the lung health by separating the mucus layer from airway epithelia Science 337 2012 937 941
48. C.K. Omoto, and C. Kung Rotation and twist of the central-pair microtubules in the cilia of Paramecium J. Cell Biol. 87 1980 33 46
49. S.P. Choksi, G. Lauter, P. Swoboda, and S. Roy Switching on cilia: transcriptional networks regulating ciliogenesis Development 141 2014 1427 1441
50. J. Thomas, L. Morlé, F. Soulavie, A. Laurençon, S. Sagnol, and B. Durand Transcriptional control of genes involved in ciliogenesis: a first step in making cilia Biol. Cell 102 2010 499 513
51. G.A. Deblandre, D.A. Wettstein, N. Koyano-Nakagawa, and C. Kintner A two-step mechanism generates the spacing pattern of the ciliated cells in the skin of Xenopus embryos Development 126 1999 4715 4728
52. P.-N. Tsao, M. Vasconcelos, K.I. Izvolsky, J. Qian, J. Lu, and W.V. Cardoso Notch signaling controls the balance of ciliated and secretory cell fates in developing airways Development 136 2009 2297 2307
53. J.L. Stubbs, L. Davidson, R. Keller, and C. Kintner Radial intercalation of ciliated cells during Xenopus skin development Development 133 2006 2507 2515
54. M. Morimoto, Z. Liu, H.T. Cheng, N. Winters, D. Bader, and R. Kopan Canonical Notch signaling in the developing lung is required for determination of arterial smooth muscle cells and selection of Clara versus ciliated cell fate J. Cell. Sci. 123 2010 213 224
55. B. Marcet, B. Chevalier, G. Luxardi, C. Coraux, L.-E. Zaragosi, M. Cibois, K. Robbe-Sermesant, T. Jolly, B. Cardinaud, and C. Moreilhon Control of vertebrate multiciliogenesis by miR-449 through direct repression of the Delta/Notch pathway Nat Genet 13 2011 693 699
56. B.J. Gerovac, M. Valencia, N. Baumlin, M. Salathe, G.E. Conner, and N.L. Fregien Submersion and hypoxia inhibit ciliated cell differentiation in a Notch dependent manner Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 2014 140422132500004
57. J.L. Stubbs, E.K. Vladar, J.D. Axelrod, and C. Kintner Multicilin promotes centriole assembly and ciliogenesis during multiciliate cell differentiation Nat. Cell Biol. 14 2012 140 147
58. L. Ma, I. Quigley, H. Omran, and C. Kintner Multicilin drives centriole biogenesis via E2f proteins Genes Dev. 28 2014 1461 1471
59. M. Boon, J. Wallmeier, L. Ma, N.T. Loges, M. Jaspers, H. Olbrich, G.W. Dougherty, J. Raidt, C. Werner, and I. Amirav MCIDAS mutations result in a mucociliary clearance disorder with reduced generation of multiple motile cilia Nat. Commun. 5 2014 4418
60. P. Swoboda, H.T. Adler, and J.H. Thomas The RFX-type transcription factor DAF-19 regulates sensory neuron cilium formation in C. elegans Mol. Cell 5 2000 411 421
61. B.P. Piasecki, J. Burghoorn, and P. Swoboda Regulatory Factor X (RFX)-mediated transcriptional rewiring of ciliary genes in animals Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 107 2010 12969 12974
62. M.-I. Chung, S.M. Peyrot, S. LeBoeuf, T.J. Park, K.L. McGary, E.M. Marcotte, and J.B. Wallingford RFX2 is broadly required for ciliogenesis during vertebrate development Dev. Biol. 363 2012 155 165
63. B.W. Bisgrove, S. Makova, H.J. Yost, and M. Brueckner RFX2 is essential in the ciliated organ of asymmetry and an RFX2 transgene identifies a population of ciliated cells sufficient for fluid flow Dev. Biol. 363 2012 166 178
64. M.-I. Chung, T. Kwon, F. Tu, E.R. Brooks, R. Gupta, M. Meyer, J.C. Baker, E.M. Marcotte, and J.B. Wallingford Coordinated genomic control of ciliogenesis and cell movement by RFX2 Elife 3 2014 e01439
65. L. Didon, R.K. Zwick, I.W. Chao, M.S. Walters, R. Wang, N.R. Hackett, and R.G. Crystal RFX3 modulation of FOXJ1 regulation of cilia genes in the human airway epithelium Respir. Res. 14 2013 70
66. L. El Zein, A. Ait-Lounis, L. Morlé, J. Thomas, B. Chhin, N. Spassky, W. Reith, and B. Durand RFX3 governs growth and beating efficiency of motile cilia in mouse and controls the expression of genes involved in human ciliopathies J. Cell Sci. 122 2009 3180 3189
67. D. Baas, A. Meiniel, C. Benadiba, E. Bonnafe, O. Meiniel, W. Reith, and B. Durand A deficiency in RFX3 causes hydrocephalus associated with abnormal differentiation of ependymal cells Eur. J. Neurosci. 24 2006 1020 1030
68. F.E. Tan, E.K. Vladar, L. Ma, L.C. Fuentealba, R. Hoh, F.H. Espinoza, J.D. Axelrod, A. Alvarez-Buylla, T. Stearns, and C. Kintner Myb promotes centriole amplification and later steps of the multiciliogenesis program Development 140 2013 4277 4286
69. L. Wang, C. Fu, H. Fan, T. Du, M. Dong, Y. Chen, Y. Jin, Y. Zhou, M. Deng, and A. Gu miR-34b regulates multiciliogenesis during organ formation in zebrafish Development 140 2013 2755 2764
70. S.L. Brody, X.H. Yan, M.K. Wuerffel, S.K. Song, and S.D. Shapiro Ciliogenesis and left-right axis defects in forkhead factor HFH-4-null mice Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 23 2000 45 51
71. C. Hagenlocher, P. Walentek, C. Müller, T. Thumberger, and K. Feistel Ciliogenesis and cerebrospinal fluid flow in the developing Xenopus brain are regulated by foxj1 Cilia 2 2013 12
72. J. Pan, Y. You, T. Huang, and S.L. Brody RhoA-mediated apical actin enrichment is required for ciliogenesis and promoted by Foxj1 J. Cell. Sci. 120 2007 1868 1876
73. S. Vij, J.C. Rink, H.K. Ho, D. Babu, M. Eitel, V. Narasimhan, V. Tiku, J. Westbrook, B. Schierwater, and S. Roy Evolutionarily ancient association of the FoxJ1 transcription factor with the motile ciliogenic program PLoS Genet. 8 2012 e1003019
74. B.N. Gomperts, X. Gong-Cooper, and B.P. Hackett Foxj1 regulates basal body anchoring to the cytoskeleton of ciliated pulmonary epithelial cells J. Cell. Sci. 117 2004 1329 1337
75. X. Yu, C.P. Ng, H. Habacher, and S. Roy Foxj1 transcription factors are master regulators of the motile ciliogenic program Nat. Genet. 40 2008 1445 1453
76. J.L. Stubbs, I. Oishi, J.C. Izpisúa Belmonte, and C. Kintner The forkhead protein Foxj1 specifies node-like cilia in Xenopus and zebrafish embryos Nat. Genet. 40 2008 1454 1460
77. T.A. Drysdale, and R.P. Elinson Cell migration and induction in the development of the surface ectodermal pattern of the Xenopus laevis tadpole Dev. Growth Differentiation 34 1992 51 59
78. N. Spassky, F.T. Merkle, N. Flames, A.D. Tramontin, J.M. Garcia-Verdugo, and A. Alvarez-Buylla Adult ependymal cells are postmitotic and are derived from radial glial cells during embryogenesis J. Neurosci. 25 2005 10 18
79. S. Sorokin Reconstructions of centriole formation and ciliogenesis in mammalian lungs J. Cell. Sci. 3 1968 207 230
80. R.M. Steinman An electron microscopic study of ciliogenesis in developing epidermis and trachea in the embryo of Xenopus laevis Am. J. Anat. 122 1968 19 55
81. V.I. Kalnins, and K.R. Porter Centriole replication during ciliogenesis in the chick tracheal epithelium Zeitschrift für Zellforschung und Mikroskopische Anatomie 100 1969 1 30
82. E.R. Dirksen Centriole morphogenesis in developing ciliated epithelium of the mouse oviduct J. Cell Biol. 51 1971 286 302
83. D.A. Klos Dehring, E.K. Vladar, M.E. Werner, J.W. Mitchell, P. Hwang, and B.J. Mitchell Deuterosome-mediated centriole biogenesis Dev. Cell 27 2013 103 112
84. E.A. Nigg, and T. Stearns The centrosome cycle: Centriole biogenesis, duplication and inherent asymmetries Nat. Cell Biol. 13 2011 1154 1160
85. H. Zhao, L. Zhu, Y. Zhu, J. Cao, S. Li, Q. Huang, T. Xu, X. Huang, X. Yan, and X. Zhu The Cep63 paralogue Deup1 enables massive de novo centriole biogenesis for vertebrate multiciliogenesis Nat. Cell Biol. 15 2013 1434 1444
86. J. Wallmeier, D.A. Al-Mutairi, C.-T. Chen, N.T. Loges, P. Pennekamp, T. Menchen, L. Ma, H.E. Shamseldin, H. Olbrich, and G.W. Dougherty Mutations in CCNO result in congenital mucociliary clearance disorder with reduced generation of multiple motile cilia Nat. Genet. 2014
87. E. Boisvieux-Ulrich, M.-C. Lainé, and D. Sandoz Cytochalasin D inhibits basal body migration and ciliary elongation in quail oviduct epithelium Cell Tissue Res. 259 1990 443 454
88. J. Azimzadeh, M.L. Wong, D.M. Downhour, A. Sánchez Alvarado, and W.F. Marshall Centrosome loss in the evolution of planarians Science 335 2012 461 463
89. F. Iftode, J. Cohen, F. Ruiz, A.T. Rueda, L. Chen-Shan, A. Adoutte, and J. Beisson Development of surface pattern during division in Paramecium. I. Mapping of duplication and reorganization of cortical cytoskeletal structures in the wild type Development 105 1989 191 211
90. Z. Carvalho-Santos, J. Azimzadeh, J.B. Pereira-Leal, and M. Bettencourt-Dias Evolution: Tracing the origins of centrioles, cilia, and flagella J. Cell Biol. 194 2011 165 175
91. H.R. Dawe, H. Farr, and K. Gull Centriole/basal body morphogenesis and migration during ciliogenesis in animal cells J. Cell. Sci. 120 2007 7 15
92. S. Hoyer-Fender Centriole maturation and transformation to basal body Semin. Cell Dev. Biol. 21 2010 142 147
93. T. Kobayashi, and B.D. Dynlacht Regulating the transition from centriole to basal body J. Cell Biol. 193 2011 435 444
94. M. Lemullois, E. Boisvieux-Ulrich, M.C. Laine, B. Chailley, and D. Sandoz Development and functions of the cytoskeleton during ciliogenesis in metazoa Biol. Cell 63 1988 195 208
95. D. Sandoz, B. Chailley, E. Boisvieux-Ulrich, M. Lemullois, M.C. Laine, and G. Bautista-Harris Organization and functions of cytoskeleton in metazoan ciliated cells Biol. Cell 63 1988 183 193
96. T. Huang, Y. You, M.S. Spoor, E.J. Richer, V.V. Kudva, R.C. Paige, M.P. Seiler, J.M. Liebler, J. Zabner, and C.G. Plopper Foxj1 is required for apical localization of ezrin in airway epithelial cells J. Cell. Sci. 116 2003 4935 4945
97. J.B. Wallingford, and B. Mitchell Strange as it may seem: the many links between Wnt signaling, planar cell polarity, and cilia Genes Dev. 25 2011 201 213
98. T.J. Park, S.L. Haigo, and J.B. Wallingford Ciliogenesis defects in embryos lacking inturned or fuzzy function are associated with failure of planar cell polarity and Hedgehog signaling Nat. Genet. 38 2006 303 311
99. T.J. Park, B.J. Mitchell, P.B. Abitua, C. Kintner, and J.B. Wallingford Dishevelled controls apical docking and planar polarization of basal bodies in ciliated epithelial cells Nat. Genet. 40 2008 871 879
100. R.S. Gray, P.B. Abitua, B.J. Wlodarczyk, H.L. Szabo-Rogers, O. Blanchard, I. Lee, G.S. Weiss, K.J. Liu, E.M. Marcotte, and J.B. Wallingford The planar cell polarity effector Fuz is essential for targeted membrane trafficking, ciliogenesis and mouse embryonic development Nat. Cell Biol. 11 2009 1225 1232
101. E.R. Brooks, and J.B. Wallingford The small GTPase Rsg1 is important for the cytoplasmic localization and axonemal dynamics of intraflagellar transport proteins Cilia 2 2013 13
102. F. Tissir, Y. Qu, M. Montcouquiol, L. Zhou, K. Komatsu, D. Shi, T. Fujimori, J. Labeau, D. Tyteca, and P. Courtoy Lack of cadherins Celsr2 and Celsr3 impairs ependymal ciliogenesis, leading to fatal hydrocephalus Nat. Neurosci. 13 2010 700 707
103. E.K. Vladar, R.D. Bayly, A.M. Sangoram, M.P. Scott, and J.D. Axelrod Microtubules enable the planar cell polarity of airway cilia Curr. Biol. 22 2012 2203 2212
104. I. Antoniades, P. Stylianou, and P.A. Skourides Making the connection: ciliary adhesion complexes anchor basal bodies to the actin cytoskeleton Dev. Cell 28 2014 70 80
105. A. Ioannou, N. Santama, and P.A. Skourides Xenopus laevis nucleotide binding protein 1 (xNubp1) is important for convergent extension movements and controls ciliogenesis via regulation of the actin cytoskeleton Dev. Biol. 380 2013 243 258
106. W.F. Marshall, and C. Kintner Cilia orientation and the fluid mechanics of development Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 20 2008 48 52
107. J.B. Wallingford Planar cell polarity signaling, cilia and polarized ciliary beating Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 22 2010 597 604
108. B. Mitchell, R. Jacobs, J. Li, S. Chien, and C. Kintner A positive feedback mechanism governs the polarity and motion of motile cilia Nature 447 2007 97 101
109. E. Boisvieux-Ulrich, M.C. Laine, and D. Sandoz The orientation of ciliary basal bodies in quail oviduct is related to the ciliary beating cycle commencement Biol. Cell 55 1985 147 150
110. M. Matsuo, A. Shimada, S. Koshida, Y. Saga, and H. Takeda The establishment of rotational polarity in the airway and ependymal cilia: analysis with a novel cilium motility mutant mouse Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol. 304 2013 L736 L745
111. W. Reed, J. Avolio, and P. Satir The cytoskeleton of the apical border of the lateral cells of freshwater mussel gill: structural integration of microtubule and actin filament-based organelles J. Cell. Sci. 68 1984 1 33
112. K. Kunimoto, Y. Yamazaki, T. Nishida, K. Shinohara, H. Ishikawa, T. Hasegawa, T. Okanoue, H. Hamada, T. Noda, and A. Tamura Coordinated ciliary beating requires Odf2-mediated polarization of basal bodies via basal feet Cell 148 2012 189 200
113. Y.-H. Chien, M.E. Werner, J. Stubbs, M.S. Joens, J. Li, S. Chien, J.A.J. Fitzpatrick, B.J. Mitchell, and C. Kintner Bbof1 is required to maintain cilia orientation Development 140 2013 3468 3477
114. K. Ikegami, S. Sato, K. Nakamura, L.E. Ostrowski, and M. Setou Tubulin polyglutamylation is essential for airway ciliary function through the regulation of beating asymmetry Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 107 2010 10490 10495
115. B. Mitchell, J.L. Stubbs, F. Huisman, P. Taborek, C. Yu, and C. Kintner The PCP pathway instructs the planar orientation of ciliated cells in the Xenopus larval skin Curr. Biol. 19 2009 924 929
116. Y. Hirota, A. Meunier, S. Huang, T. Shimozawa, O. Yamada, Y.S. Kida, M. Inoue, T. Ito, H. Kato, and M. Sakaguchi Planar polarity of multiciliated ependymal cells involves the anterior migration of basal bodies regulated by non-muscle myosin II Development 137 2010 3037 3046
117. C. Boutin, P. Labedan, J. Dimidschstein, F. Richard, H. Cremer, P. André, Y. Yang, M. Montcouquiol, A.M. Goffinet, and F. Tissir A dual role for planar cell polarity genes in ciliated cells Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 111 2014 E3129 E3138
118. S. Ohata, J. Nakatani, V. Herranz-Pérez, J. Cheng, H. Belinson, T. Inubushi, W.D. Snider, J.M. Garcia-Verdugo, A. Wynshaw-Boris, and A. Alvarez-Buylla Loss of dishevelleds disrupts planar polarity in ependymal motile cilia and results in hydrocephalus Neuron 83 2014 558 571
119. N. Kishimoto, and K. Sawamoto Planar polarity of ependymal cilia Differentiation 83 2012 S86 S90
120. Z. Mirzadeh, Y.-G. Han, M. Soriano-Navarro, J.M. Garcia-Verdugo, and A. Alvarez-Buylla Cilia organize ependymal planar polarity J. Neurosci. 30 2010 2600 2610