The role of age, gender, mood states and exercise frequency on exercise dependence

Journal of Behavioral Addictions

Volumn 2, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 216-223

  Costa, Sebastiano ^a   Hausenblas, Heather A ^b   Oliva, Patrizia ^a   Cuzzocrea, Francesca ^a   Larcan, Rosalba ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MESSINA   (Italy)

^b JACKSONVILLE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Age; Exercise; Exercise dependence; Gender; Mood states

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ADULTHOOD; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DATA ANALYSIS; EXERCISE; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MOOD; PREVALENCE; PROFILE OF MOOD STATES; QUESTIONNAIRE; SEX DIFFERENCE; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84908134786     PISSN: 20625871     EISSN: 20635303     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1556/JBA.2.2013.014     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Adams, J. (2009). Understanding exercise dependence. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 39, 231-240.
2. Adams, J., Miller, T. W. & Kraus, R. F. (2003). Exercise dependence: Diagnostic and therapeutic issues for patients in psychotherapy. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 33, 93-107.
3. Adams, P. & Schoenborn, C. (2006). Health behaviors of adults: United States, 2002-04. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health Statistics, 10, 1-140.
4. Adkins, E. C. & Keel, P. K. (2005). Does "excessive" or "compulsive"best describe exercise as a symptom of bulimia nervosa?International Journal of Eating Disorder, 38, 24-29.
5. Allegre, B., Souville, M., Therme, P. & Griffiths, M. (2006). Definitions and measures of exercise dependence. Addiction Research and Theory, 14, 631-646.
6. th ed. text rev.). Washington DC: Author.
7. Berczik, K., Szabó, A., Griffiths, M. D., Kurimay, T., Kun, B., Urbán, R. & Demetrovics, Z. (2012). Exercise addiction: Symptoms, diagnosis, epidemiology, and etiology. Substance Use & Misuse, 47, 403-417.
8. Birditt, K. S., Fingerman, K. L. & Almeida, D. M. (2005). Age differences in exposure and reactions to interpersonal tensions: A daily diary study. Psychology and Aging, 20, 330-340.
9. Brunet, J. & Sabiston, C. M. (2011). Exploring motivation for physical activity across the adult lifespan. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 12, 99-105.
10. Caspersen, C. J., Powell, K. E.&Christenson, G. M. (1985). Physical activity, exercise and physical fitness: Definitions and distinctions for health-related research. Public Health Reports, 100, 126-131.
11. Costa, S., Cuzzocrea, F., Hausenblas, H. A., Larcan, R. & Oliva, P. (2012). Psychometric examination and factorial validity of the Exercise Dependence Scale-Revised in Italian exercisers. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 1, 186-190.
12. Costa, S. & Oliva, P. (2012). Examining relationship between personality characteristics and exercise dependence. Review of Psychology, 19, 5-12.
13. Edmunds, J., Ntoumanis, N.&Duda, J. L. (2006). Examining exercise dependence symptomatology from a self-determination perspective. Journal of Health Psychology, 11, 887-903.
14. Eriksson, L., Baigi, A., Marklund, B.&Lindgren, E. C. (2008). Social physique anxiety and sociocultural attitudes toward appearance impact on orthorexia test in fitness participants. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 18, 389-394.
15. Farnè, M., Sebellico, A., Gnugnoli, D. & Corallo, A. (1991). POMS - Profile of moods states manual. Firenze, Italy: Giunti Organizzazione Speciali. [Italian]
16. Faul, F. & Erdfelder, E. (1992). GPOWER: A priori, post-hoc, and compromise power analyses for MS-DOS [Computer program]. Bonn, FRG: Department of Psychology, Bonn University.
17. Garman, J. F., Hayduk, D. M., Crider, D. A. & Hodel, M. M. (2004). Occurrence of exercise dependence in a college-aged population. Journal of American College Health, 52, 221-227.
18. Garner, D. M. (1991). EDI-2: Eating Disorder Inventory. Firenze, Italy: OS, Organizzazioni Speciali.
19. Hale, B., Roth, A., DeLong, R. & Briggs, M. (2010). Exercise dependence and the drive for muscularity in male bodybuilders, power lifters, and fitness lifters. Body Image, 7, 234-239.
20. Ham, S. A. & Ainsworth, B. E. (2010). Disparities in data on healthy people 2010 physical activity objectives collected by accelerometry and self-report. American Journal of Public Health, 100, 263-268.
21. Hamer, M. & Karageorghis, C. I. (2007). Psychobiological mechanisms of exercise dependence. Sports Medicine, 37, 477-484.
22. Haskell, W. L., Lee, I.-M., Pate, R. R., Powell, K. E., Blair, S. N., Franklin, B. A., Macera, C. A., Heath, G. W., Thompson, P. D., Bauman, A.; American College of Sports Medicine; American Heart Association (2007). Physical activity and public health: Updated recommendation for adults from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association. Circulation, 116, 1081-1093.
23. Hausenblas, H. A. & Fallon, E. A. (2002). Relationship among body image, exercise behavior, and exercise dependence symptoms. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 32, 179-185.
24. Hausenblas, H. A. & Symons Downs, D. (2002a). Exercise dependence: A systematic review. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 3, 89-123.
25. Hausenblas, H. A.&Symons Downs, D. (2002b). How much is too much? The development and validation of the Exercise Dependence Scale. Psychology & Health, 17, 387-404.
26. Hausenblas, H. A. & Symons Downs, D. (2002c). Relationship among sex, imagery, and exercise dependence symptoms. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 16, 169-172.
27. Kjelsås, E. & Augestad, L. (2003). Gender differences in competitive runners and their motive for physical activity. The European Journal of Psychiatry, 17, 157-171.
28. Lejoyeux, M., Avril, M., Richoux, C., Embouazza, H. & Nivoli, F. (2008). Prevalence of exercise dependence and other behavioral addictions among clients of a Parisian fitness room. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 49, 353-358.
29. Lindwall, M. & Hassmén, P. (2004). The role of exercise and gender for physical self-perceptions and importance ratings in Swedish university students. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 14, 373-380.
30. Lindwall, M. & Palmeira, A. (2011). Factorial validity and invariance testing of the Exercise Dependence Scale-Revised in Swedish and Portuguese exercisers. Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science, 13, 166-179.
31. Magai, C., Consedine, N. S., Krivoshekova, Y. S., Kudadjie-Gyamfi, E., McPherson, R. (2006). Emotion experience and expression across the adult life span: Insights from a multimodal assessment study. Psychology and Aging, 21, 303-317.
32. McCreary, D. R.&Sasse, D. K. (2000). An exploration of the drive for muscularity in adolescent boys and girls. Journal of American College Health, 48, 297-304.
33. Mónok, K., Berczik, K., Urbán, R., Szabó A., Griffiths, M. D., Farkas, J., Magi, A., Eisinger, A., Kurimay, T., Kökönyei, G., Kun, B., Paksi, B. & Demetrovics, Z. (2012). Psychometric properties and concurrent validity of two exercise addiction measures: A population wide study in Hungary. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 13, 739-746.
34. Ogden, J., Veale, D. & Summers, Z. (1997). The development and validation of the Exercise Dependence Questionnaire. Addiction Research, 5, 343-356.
35. Oh, S. W., Yoon, Y. S. & Shin, S. A. (2005). Effects of excess weight on cancer incidences depending on cancer sites and histologic findings among men: Korea National Health Insurance Corporation Study. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 23, 4742-4754.
36. Rocheleau, C. A., Webster, G. D., Bryan, A. & Frazier, J. (2004). Moderators of the relationship between exercise and mood changes: Gender, exertion level, and workout duration. Psychology & Health, 19, 491-506.
37. Román-Viñas, B., Serra-Majem, L., Ribas-Barba, L., Roure-Cuspinera, E., Cabezas, C., Vallbona, C. & Plasencia, A. (2007). Trends in physical activity status in Catalonia, Spain (1992-2003). Public Health Nutrition, 10, 1389-1395.
38. Sallis, J. F. (2000). Age-related decline in physical activity: A synthesis of human and animal studies. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 32, 1598-1600.
39. Shephard, R. J. (2003). Limits to the measurement of habitual physical activity by questionnaires. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 37, 197-206.
40. Spirduso, W. W., Francis, K. L. & MacRae, P. G. (2005). Physical dimensions of aging. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
41. Sussman, S., Lisha, N. & Griffiths, M. D. (2011). Prevalence of the addictions: A problem of the majority or the minority? Evaluation and the Health Professions, 34, 3-56.
42. Symons Downs, D., Hausenblas, H. & Nigg, C. R. (2004). Factorial validity and psychometric examination of the Exercise Dependence Scale-Revised. Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science, 8, 183-201.
43. Szabo, A. (2000). Physical activity as a source of psychological dysfunction. In S. J. Biddle, K. R. Fox & S. H. Boutcher (Eds.), Physical activity and psychological well-being (pp. 130-153). London: Routledge.
44. Terry, A., Szabo, A. & Griffiths, M. D. (2004). The exercise addiction inventory: A new brief screening tool. Addiction Research and Theory, 12, 489-499.
45. USDHHS (2008). 2008 Physical activity guidelines for Americans. Retrieved from www.health.gov/paguidelines/guidelines/default.aspx
46. Villella, C., Martinotti, G., Di Nicola, M., Cassano, M., La Torre, G., Gliubizzi, M. D., Messeri, I., Petruccelli, F., Bria, P., Janiri, L. & Conte, G. (2011). Behavioural addictions in adolescents and young adults: Results from a prevalence study. Journal of Gambling Studies, 27, 203-214.
47. Vocks, S., Hechler, T., Rohrig, S. & Legenbauer, T. (2009). Effects of a physical exercise session on state body image: The influence of pre-experimental body dissatisfaction and concerns about weight and shape. Psychology & Health, 24, 713-728.
48. Weik, M. & Hale, B. D. (2009). Contrasting gender differences on two measures of exercise dependence. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 43, 204-207.
49. Wilson, K., Elliott, S. J., Eyles, J. D. & Keller-Olaman, S. J. (2007). Factors affecting change over time in self-reported health. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 98, 154-158.
50. Zmijewski, C. F. & Howard, M. O. (2003). Exercise dependence and attitudes toward eating among young adults. Eating Behaviors, 4, 181-195.