Tracking sustainable development with a national barometer for South Africa using a downscaled "safe and just space" framework

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Volumn 111, Issue 42, 2014, Pages E4399-E4408

  Cole, Megan J ^a,b   Bailey, Richard M ^a   New, Mark G ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN   (South Africa)

Author keywords

Planetary boundaries; Social deprivation; South africa; Sustainable development; Sustainable development goals

Indexed keywords

FRESH WATER;

AIR POLLUTION; BIODIVERSITY; CLIMATE CHANGE; EMPLOYMENT; ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE; ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS; ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY; FOOD SECURITY; HUMAN; INCOME; LAND USE; OZONE DEPLETION; POLICY; REVIEW; SAFETY; SOUTH AFRICA; SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT;

EID: 84908072121     PISSN: 00278424     EISSN: 10916490     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1400985111     Document Type: Review

References (106)

1. Steffen W, et al. (2011) The anthropocene: From global change to planetary stewardship. Ambio 40(7):739-761.
2. Foley J (2010) Boundaries for a healthy planet. Sci Am 302(4):54-57.
3. UN Department of Economics and Social Affairs, Population Division (2013) World Population Prospects: The 2012 Revision. Highlights and Advance Tables (UN Department of Economics and Social Affairs) Working Paper No ESA/P/WP.228.
4. UN (2012) Agenda21. United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (United Nations, Rio de Janeiro).
5. IISD (2013) Compendium of sustainable development indicator initiatives. Available at www.iisd.org/measure/compendium/. Accessed March 7, 2013.
6. Senbel M, McDaniels T, Dowlatabadi H (2003) The ecological footprint: A nonmonetary metric of human consumption applied to North America. Glob Environ Change 13(2):83-100.
7. Galli A, et al. (2012) Integrating ecological, carbon and water footprint into a "Footprint Family" of indicators: Definition and role in tracking human pressure on the planet. Ecol Indic 16(2012):100-112.
8. Moran DD, Wackernagel M, Kitzes JA, Goldfinger SH, Boutaud A (2008) Measuring sustainable development - Nation by nation. Ecol Econ 64(3):470-474.
9. Fredericks SE (2013) Justice in sustainability indicators and indexes. Int J Sustain Dev 19(6):490-499.
10. Ostrom E (2009) A general framework for analyzing sustainability of social-ecological systems. Science 325(5939):419-422.
11. Haines-Young R, Potschin M (2008) England's Terrestrial Ecosystem Services and the Rationale for an Ecosystem Approach. Overview Report, Project Code NR0107. Available at www.nottingham.ac.uk/CEM/pdf/NR107-FTR-080108.pdf. Accessed March 8, 2013.
12. Rockström J, et al. (2009) A safe operating space for humanity. Nature 461(7263):472-475.
13. Rockström J, et al. (2009) Planetary boundaries: Exploring the safe operating space for humanity. Ecol Soc 14(2):32.
14. Galaz V, Crona B, Österblom H, Olsson P, Folke C (2012) Polycentric systems and interacting planetary boundaries-Emerging governance of climate change-ocean acidification-marine biodiversity. Ecol Econ 81:21-32.
15. Brook BW, Ellis EC, Perring MP, Mackay AW, Blomqvist L (2013) Does the terrestrial biosphere have planetary tipping points? Trends Ecol Evol 28(7):396-401.
16. Bass S (2009) Planetary boundaries: Keep off the grass. Nat Reports Clim Chang 3(0910):113-114.
17. Molden D (2009) Planetary boundaries: The devil is in the detail. Nat Reports Clim Chang 3(0910):116-117.
18. Biello D (2012) Walking the line: How to identify safe limits for human impacts on the planet. Sci Am. Available at www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=do-planetary-boundaries-help-humanity-manage-environmental-impacts. Accessed June 2012.
19. Lewis SL (2012) We must set planetary boundaries wisely. Nature 485(7399):417.
20. Molina MJ (2009) Planetary boundaries: Identifying abrupt change. Nat Reports Clim Chang 3(0910):115-116.
21. Running SW (2012) Ecology. A measurable planetary boundary for the biosphere. Science 337(6101):1458-1459.
22. Samper C (2009) Planetary boundaries: Rethinking biodiversity. Nat Reports Clim Chang 3(0910):118-119.
23. Schlesinger WH (2009) Planetary boundaries: Thresholds risk prolonged degradation. Nat Reports Clim Chang 3(0910):112-113.
24. SDSN (2013) An Action Agenda for Sustainable Development. Report for the UN Secretary-General (Sustainable Development Solutions Network, Paris).
25. Griggs D, et al. (2013) Policy: Sustainable development goals for people and planet. Nature 495(7441):305-307.
26. UNEP (2013) Embedding the Environment in Sustainable Development Goals. UNEP Post-2015 Discussion Paper 1 (United Nations Environment Programme, Nairobi).
27. Brito L (2012) Analysing sustainable development goals. Science 336:1396.
28. Brito L, Stafford Smith M (2012) State of the Planet Declaration. Planet Under Pressure: New Knowledge Towards Solutions (International Council for Science, London).
29. Glaser G (2012) Policy: Base sustainable development goals on science. Nature 491(7422):35.
30. Raworth K (2012) A safe and just space for humanity: Can we live within the doughnut? Oxfam Discussion Paper (Oxfam, Oxford).
31. Raworth K (2012) Living in the doughnut (interview). Nature Climate Chang 2(4):225-226.
32. UNGA (2012) Summary of the Special Event of the Second Committee of the UN General Assembly Conceptualizing a Set of Sustainable Development Goals (United Nations General Assembly, New York).
33. IIED (2012) Fair Ideas: Sharing solutions for a sustainable planet (International Institute for Environment and Development, London).
34. Tearfund (2013) Briefing to Partners from the Advocacy and Media Group. Quarterly Update May 2013 (Tearfund, Teddington, United Kingdom).
35. Stewart G (2013) State of the World 2013: Is sustainability still possible? Australas J Environ Manage 20(3):259-260.
36. Nykvist B, et al. (2013) National Environmental Performance on Planetary Boundaries: A study for the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency (Stockholm Environment Institute, Stockholm).
37. Folke C, Rockström J (2009) Turbulent times. Glob Environ Change 19(1):1-3.
38. Folke C, Carpenter SR, Walker B, Scheffer M, Chapin T (2010) Resilience thinking: Integrating resilience, adaptability and transformability. Ecol Soc 15(4):20.
39. Lenton TM, et al. (2008) Tipping elements in the Earth's climate system. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105(6):1786-1793.
40. Hughes TP, Linares C, Dakos V, van de Leemput IA, van Nes EH (2013) Living dangerously on borrowed time during slow, unrecognized regime shifts. Trends Ecol Evol 28(3):149-155.
41. Haines-Young R, Potschin M, Cheshire D (2006) Defining and Identifying Environmental Limits for Sustainable Development: A Scoping Study. Final Full Technical Report (University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom).
42. Barnosky AD, et al. (2012) Approaching a state shift in Earth's biosphere. Nature 486(7401):52-58.
43. Foley JA, et al. (2011) Solutions for a cultivated planet. Nature 478(7369):337-342.
44. IPCC (2007) Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report. An Assessment of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Valencia, Spain).
45. Sutton M, et al. (2011) Too much of a good thing. Nature 472(7342):159-161.
46. Doney SC (2010) The growing human footprint on coastal and open-ocean biogeochemistry. Science 328(5985):1512-1516.
47. Cornell S (2012) On the system properties of the planetary boundaries. Ecol Soc 17(1):r2.
48. Hughes TP, Carpenter S, Rockström J, Scheffer M, Walker B (2013) Multiscale regime shifts and planetary boundaries. Trends Ecol Evol 28(7):389-395.
49. Sen A (2005) Human rights and capabilities. J Hum Dev 6(2):151-166.
50. Gasper D (1997) Sen's capability approach and Nussbaum's capabilites ethics. J Int Dev 9(2):281-302.
51. Townsend P (1987) Deprivation. J Soc Policy 16(2):125-146.
52. Parris TM, Kates RW (2003) Characterizing a sustainability transition: goals, targets, trends, and driving forces. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100(14):8068-8073.
53. Clarke M, Feeny S (2011) Old challenges and new opportunities for the MDGs: Now and beyond 2015. J Asia Pac Econ 16(4):509-519.
54. Sachs JD (2013) High stakes at the UN on the Sustainable Development Goals. Lancet 382(9897):1001-1002.
55. IMF (2012) Regional Economic Outlook: Sub-Saharan Africa - Maintaining Growth in an Uncertain World (International Monetary Fund, Washington, DC).
56. Driver A, et al. (2012) National Biodiversity Assessment 2011: An Assessment of South Africa's Biodiversity and Ecosystems. Synthesis Report (South African National Biodiversity Institute and Department of Environmental Affairs, Pretoria, South Africa).
57. Palma JG (2011) Homogeneous middles vs. heterogeneous tails, and the end of the "Inverted-U": It's all about the share of the rich. Dev Change 42(1):87-153.
58. National Planning Commission (2012) National Development Plan 2030 Our Future - Make it Work (Government of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa), Available at: www.npconline.co.za/MediaLib/Downloads/Downloads/NDP 2030 - Our future - make it work.pdf. Accessed April 12, 2013.
59. DEA (2011) National Strategy for Sustainable Development and Action Plan (NSSD 1) 2011-2014 (Department of Environmental Affairs, Pretoria, South Africa) pp 48.
60. EDD (2011) Green Economy Accord. New Growth Path: Accord 4 (Department of Economic Development, Government of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa), Available at: www.economic.gov.za/communications/publications/green-economy-accord. Accessed April 25, 2013.
61. DEA (2013) Environmental Sustainability Indicators Technical Report 2011 (Department of Environmental Affairs, Government of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa).
62. GCIS (2011) South Africa Yearbook 2011/12 (Government Communication and Information System, Republic of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa), pp 191-214.
63. UNEP (2014) UNEP Ozone Secretariat Data Access Centre. Available at ozone.unep.org/new-site/en/ozone-data-tools-access.php. Accessed August 15, 2014.
64. NEDLAC (2012) Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFC) Phase Out Plan for South Africa (National Economic Development and Labour Council, Ferndale, South Africa).
65. Scenario Building Team (2007) Long Term Mitigation Scenarios Strategic Options: Technical Summary (Department of Environment Affairs and Tourism, Pretoria, South Africa).
66. United Nations Statistical Division (2013) Millennium Development Goals Indicators. Available at mdgs.un.org/unsd/mdg/SeriesDetail.aspx?srid=749&crid=710. Accessed August 15, 2014.
67. DWA (2014) Water Authorisation and Registration Management System (WARMS) database (Department of Water Affairs, Government of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa).
68. DWAF (2004) National Water Resource Strategy (Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism, Government of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa), 1st Ed.
69. DWA (2013) National Water Resource Strategy June 2013 (Department of Water Affairs, Government of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa), 2nd Ed.
70. Stats SA (2006) Natural Resource Accounts: Updated Water Accounts for South Africa 2000. Discussion document - D0405 (Statistics South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa).
71. Niedertscheider M, Gingrich S, Erb K-H (2012) Changes in land use in South Africa between 1961 and 2006: An integrated socio-ecological analysis based on the human appropriation of net primary production framework. Reg Environ Change 12(4):715-727.
72. Schoeman F, Newby TS, Thompson MW, Van den Berg EC (2013) South African National land-cover change map. South African J Geomatics 2(2):94-105.
73. Collett A (2013) The impact of effective (geo-spatial) planning on the agricultural sector. Proceedings of the South African Surveying and Geomatics Indaba 22-24 July 2013 (South African Geomatics Institute, Kempton Park, South Africa).
74. Van Ginkel C (2011) Eutrophication: Present reality and future challenges for South Africa. Water SA 37(5):693-701.
75. DWA (2014) National Eutrophication Monitoring Programme (NEMP) database (Department of Water Affairs, Government of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa).
76. Oberholster PJ, Ashton PJ (2008) State of the Nation Report: An Overview of the Current Status of Water Quality and Eutrophication in South African Rivers and Resevoirs: CSIR/NRE/WR/IR/2008/0075/C (Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa).
77. FSSA (2013) Estimated Fertilizer Use by Crop in South Africa for the 2012 Calendar Year (Fertiliser Society of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa).
78. FSSA (2007) Fertiliser Handbook (Fertiliser Society of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa), 6th Ed, pp 176-187.
79. Brentrup F, Palliere C (2010) in OECD Workshop: Agri-Environmental Indicators: Lessons Learnt and Future Directions. 23-26 March 2010. (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Leysin, Switzerland).
80. Zamin TJ, et al. (2010) National red listing beyond the 2010 target. Conserv Biol 24(4):1012-1020.
81. CSIR (2012) Workshop Report: Ocean Acidification and Impacts on South African Continental Shelf Ecosystems, 13-14 March 2012 (Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Cape Town, South Africa).
82. DAFF (2012) Status of the South African Marine Fishery Resources 2012 (Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Government of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa).
83. DEA (2013) 2013 State of Air Summary (Department of Environmental Affairs, Government of South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa).
84. DEA (2012) National Waste Information Baseline Report. Draft (Department of Environmental Affairs, Government of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa).
85. Noble M, et al. (2009) The South African Index of Multiple Deprivation 2001 at Datazone Level (Department of Social Development, Pretoria, South Africa).
86. Wright G, Noble M (2009) The South African Index of Multiple Deprivation 2007 at Municipality Level (Department of Social Development, Pretoria, South Africa).
87. DPME (2013) Development Indicators 2012 (Department of Performance Monitoring and Evaluation, Government of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa).
88. StatsSA (2014) General Household Survey 2013. Statistical release P0318 (Statistics South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa).
89. UNDP (2013) Human Development Report 2013. The Rise of the South: Human Progress in a Diverse World, ed Malik K (United Nations Development Programme, New York).
90. Government of South Africa (2014) State of the Nation 2014. Text of the speech given by President Jacob G Zuma, President of the Republic of South Africa, on the occasion of the Joint Sitting Of Parliament, 13 February 2014 (The Presidency, Government of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa).
91. UNEP (2006) Africa Environment Outlook 2. Our Environment, Our Wealth. Executive Summary (United Nations Environment Programme, Nairobi).
92. IISD (2007) Dashboard of Sustainability. Available at www.iisd.org/cgsdi/dashboard.asp. Accessed March 7, 2013.
93. Molle F, Mollinga P (2003) Water poverty indicators: Conceptual problems and policy issues. Water Policy 5(6):529-544.
94. Rutherford R (2010) An Assessment of Rain-fed Crop Production Potential in South Africa's Neighbouring Countries (Department of Water Affairs, Pretoria, South Africa).
95. World Bank (2013) World Development Indicators 2012 (The World Bank, Washington, DC).
96. World Resources Institute (2013) Climate Analysis Indicators Tool (CAIT) 2.0. Washington, DC. 1. Available at cait2.wri.org. Accessed August 15, 2014.
97. FAO (2013) FAOStat. Fertilizers. Available at faostat.fao.org/site/575/DesktopDefault.aspx?PageID=575#ancor. Accessed August 15, 2014.
98. StatsSA (2013) Millennium Development Goals Country Report 2013 (Statistics South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa).
99. Sachs JD (2012) From millennium development goals to sustainable development goals. Lancet 379(9832):2206-2211.
100. Lipsey RG, Lancaster K (1956) The general theory of second best. Rev Econ Stud 24(1):11-32.
101. UNEP-WCMC (2011) Developing Ecosystem Service Indicators: Experiences and Lessons Learned from Sub-Global Assessments and Other Initiatives. Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, Technical Series No. 58 (United Nations Environment Programme, Montreal).
102. UN General Assembly (2012) The Future We Want: Resolution Adopted by the General Assembly (United Nations, Rio de Janeiro).
103. UN Open Working Group on SDGs (2014) Zero Draft rev 1. Introduction and proposed goals and targets on sustainable development for the post 2015 development agenda (United Nations Open Working Group on Sustainable Development Goals, New York).
104. Scheffer M, et al. (2012) Anticipating critical transitions. Science 338(6105):344-348.
105. Schellnhuber HJ (2009) Tipping elements in the Earth System. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106(49):20561-20563.
106. Galaz V (2013) A Planet without Humans? Two Short Reflections on "Does the terrestrial biosphere have planetary tipping points?" Resilience Science blog. 28 February 2013. Available at rs.resalliance.org/2013/02/28/a-planet-without-humans-two-short-reflections-on-does-the-terrestrial-biosphere-have-planetary-tipping-points/. Accessed March 5, 2013.