메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 12, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 715-727

Changes in land use in South Africa between 1961 and 2006: An integrated socio-ecological analysis based on the human appropriation of net primary production framework

Author keywords

Agricultural change; Biomass extraction; Biomass flows; HANPP; Land use; NPP; South Africa

Indexed keywords


EID: 84869175184     PISSN: 14363798     EISSN: 1436378X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10113-012-0285-6     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (47)

References (84)
  • 2
    • 18344374290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistical analysis of extreme floods
    • Alexander WJR (2002) Statistical analysis of extreme floods. J S Afr Inst Civil Eng 44(1): 20-25.
    • (2002) J S Afr Inst Civil Eng , vol.44 , Issue.1 , pp. 20-25
    • Alexander, W.J.R.1
  • 4
    • 33846848057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the practical limits to substitution
    • Ayres RU (2007) On the practical limits to substitution. Ecol Econ 61: 115-128.
    • (2007) Ecol Econ , vol.61 , pp. 115-128
    • Ayres, R.U.1
  • 6
    • 0030300948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wood supply and demand around two rural settlements in a semi-arid Savanna, South Africa
    • Banks DI, Griffin NJ et al (1996) Wood supply and demand around two rural settlements in a semi-arid Savanna, South Africa. Biomass Bioenergy 11: 319-331.
    • (1996) Biomass Bioenergy , vol.11 , pp. 319-331
    • Banks, D.I.1    Griffin, N.J.2
  • 7
    • 33947374404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling the role of agriculture for the 20th century global terrestrial carbon balance
    • Bondeau A, Smith PC et al (2007) Modelling the role of agriculture for the 20th century global terrestrial carbon balance. Glob Change Biol 13(3): 679-706.
    • (2007) Glob Change Biol , vol.13 , Issue.3 , pp. 679-706
    • Bondeau, A.1    Smith, P.C.2
  • 8
    • 0036463727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Where does the black population of South Africa stand on the nutrition transition?
    • Bourne LT, Lambert EV et al (2002) Where does the black population of South Africa stand on the nutrition transition? Public Health Nutr 5(1A): 157-167.
    • (2002) Public Health Nutr , vol.5 , Issue.1 A , pp. 157-167
    • Bourne, L.T.1    Lambert, E.V.2
  • 9
    • 62349092253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of financial autarky and integration: the case of the South Africa embargo
    • Coulibaly B (2009) Effects of financial autarky and integration: the case of the South Africa embargo. J Int Money Finance 28: 454.
    • (2009) J Int Money Finance , vol.28 , pp. 454
    • Coulibaly, B.1
  • 10
    • 84927458236 scopus 로고
    • Seasons that will never return: the impact of farm mechanization on employment, incomes and population distribution in the western transvaal
    • De Klerk W (1984) Seasons that will never return: the impact of farm mechanization on employment, incomes and population distribution in the western transvaal. J South Afr Stud 11(1): 84-105.
    • (1984) J South Afr Stud , vol.11 , Issue.1 , pp. 84-105
    • de Klerk, W.1
  • 11
    • 0012387858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DME, Pretoria: Department of Minerals and Energy
    • DME (1996) Energy in South Africa. Department of Minerals and Energy, Pretoria.
    • (1996) Energy in South Africa
  • 12
    • 0034975480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The heavy rainfall and floods over the northeastern interior of South Africa during February 2000
    • Dyson LL, van Heerden J (2001) The heavy rainfall and floods over the northeastern interior of South Africa during February 2000. S Afr J Sci 97(3 & 4): 80-86.
    • (2001) S Afr J Sci , vol.97 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 80-86
    • Dyson, L.L.1    van Heerden, J.2
  • 13
    • 40749089673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comprehensive global 5 min resolution land-use data set for the year 2000 consistent with national census data
    • Erb KH, Gaube V et al (2007) A comprehensive global 5 min resolution land-use data set for the year 2000 consistent with national census data. J Land Use Sci 2(3): 191.
    • (2007) J Land Use Sci , vol.2 , Issue.3 , pp. 191
    • Erb, K.H.1    Gaube, V.2
  • 14
    • 70449510485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Embodied HANPP: mapping the spatial disconnect between global biomass production and consumption
    • Erb K-H, Krausmann F et al (2009a) Embodied HANPP: mapping the spatial disconnect between global biomass production and consumption. Ecol Econ 69(2): 328-334.
    • (2009) Ecol Econ , vol.69 , Issue.2 , pp. 328-334
    • Erb, K.-H.1    Krausmann, F.2
  • 15
    • 70449482491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analyzing the global human appropriation of net primary production-processes, trajectories, implications
    • Erb KH, Krausmann F et al (2009b) Analyzing the global human appropriation of net primary production-processes, trajectories, implications. An introduction. Ecol Econ 69(2): 250-259.
    • (2009) An introduction. Ecol Econ , vol.69 , Issue.2 , pp. 250-259
    • Erb, K.H.1    Krausmann, F.2
  • 16
    • 84869170970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ESRI map books Map Book Gallery Volume 19. Available at Downloaded on 12 May 2011
    • ESRI map books. Agriculture Maps of South Africa, Grazing Capacity Map. Map Book Gallery Volume 19. Available at: http://www. esri. com/mapmuseum/mapbook_gallery/volume19/agriculture3. html. Downloaded on 12 May 2011.
    • Agriculture Maps of South Africa, Grazing Capacity Map
  • 18
    • 0034108769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The South African land-cover characteristics database: a synopsis of the landscape
    • Fairbanks DHK, Thompson MW et al (2000) The South African land-cover characteristics database: a synopsis of the landscape. S Afr J Sci 96: 69.
    • (2000) S Afr J Sci , vol.96 , pp. 69
    • Fairbanks, D.H.K.1    Thompson, M.W.2
  • 22
    • 34547905028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Our share of the planetary pie
    • Foley JA, Monfreda C et al (2007) Our share of the planetary pie. Proc Natl Acad Sci 104(31): 12585-12586.
    • (2007) Proc Natl Acad Sci , vol.104 , Issue.31 , pp. 12585-12586
    • Foley, J.A.1    Monfreda, C.2
  • 24
    • 1142265863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Terrestrial vegetation and water balance-hydrological evaluation of a dynamic global vegetation model
    • Gerten D, Schaphoff S et al (2004) Terrestrial vegetation and water balance-hydrological evaluation of a dynamic global vegetation model. J Hydrol 286: 249.
    • (2004) J Hydrol , vol.286 , pp. 249
    • Gerten, D.1    Schaphoff, S.2
  • 26
    • 0030616990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human appropriation of net primary production as an environmental indicator: implications for sustainable development
    • Haberl H (1997) Human appropriation of net primary production as an environmental indicator: implications for sustainable development. Ambio 26: 143.
    • (1997) Ambio , vol.26 , pp. 143
    • Haberl, H.1
  • 27
    • 2642577323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progress towards sustainability? What the conceptual framework of material and energy flow accounting (MEFA) can offer
    • Haberl H, Fischer-Kowalski M et al (2004a) Progress towards sustainability? What the conceptual framework of material and energy flow accounting (MEFA) can offer. Land Use Policy 21: 199-213.
    • (2004) Land Use Policy , vol.21 , pp. 199-213
    • Haberl, H.1    Fischer-Kowalski, M.2
  • 28
    • 2642521880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Land use and sustainability indicators. An introduction
    • Haberl H, Wackernagel M et al (2004b) Land use and sustainability indicators. An introduction. Land Use Policy 21(3): 193-198.
    • (2004) Land Use Policy , vol.21 , Issue.3 , pp. 193-198
    • Haberl, H.1    Wackernagel, M.2
  • 29
    • 34547880756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantifying and mapping the human appropriation of net primary production in earth's terrestrial ecosystems
    • Haberl H, Erb KH et al (2007) Quantifying and mapping the human appropriation of net primary production in earth's terrestrial ecosystems. PNAS 104(31): 12942-12947.
    • (2007) Pnas , vol.104 , Issue.31 , pp. 12942-12947
    • Haberl, H.1    Erb, K.H.2
  • 30
    • 78449250273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using embodied HANPP to analyze teleconnections in the global land system: conceptual considerations
    • Haberl H, Erb K-H et al (2009) Using embodied HANPP to analyze teleconnections in the global land system: conceptual considerations. Dan J Geogr 109(2): 119-130.
    • (2009) Dan J Geogr , vol.109 , Issue.2 , pp. 119-130
    • Haberl, H.1    Erb, K.-H.2
  • 31
    • 0034014472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Economic policy and power relations in South Africa's transition to democracy
    • Habib A, Padayachee V (2000) Economic policy and power relations in South Africa's transition to democracy. World Dev 28(2): 245-263.
    • (2000) World Dev , vol.28 , Issue.2 , pp. 245-263
    • Habib, A.1    Padayachee, V.2
  • 36
    • 70449511493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trajectories in human domination of ecosystems: Human appropriation of net primary production in the Philippines during the 20th century
    • Kastner T (2009) Trajectories in human domination of ecosystems: Human appropriation of net primary production in the Philippines during the 20th century. Ecol Econ 69(2): 160-169.
    • (2009) Ecol Econ , vol.69 , Issue.2 , pp. 160-169
    • Kastner, T.1
  • 37
    • 79960066172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International wood trade and forest change: a global analysis
    • Kastner T, Erb K-H et al (2011) International wood trade and forest change: a global analysis. Glob Environ Change 21(3): 947-956.
    • (2011) Glob Environ Change , vol.21 , Issue.3 , pp. 947-956
    • Kastner, T.1    Erb, K.-H.2
  • 38
    • 0035957651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sustainability science
    • Kates RW, Clark WC et al (2001) Sustainability science. Science 292(5517): 641-642.
    • (2001) Science , vol.292 , Issue.5517 , pp. 641-642
    • Kates, R.W.1    Clark, W.C.2
  • 40
    • 70449513359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Land use change, biomass production and HANPP: the case of Hungary 1961-2005
    • Kohlheb N, Krausmann F (2009) Land use change, biomass production and HANPP: the case of Hungary 1961-2005. Ecol Econ 69(2): 292-300.
    • (2009) Ecol Econ , vol.69 , Issue.2 , pp. 292-300
    • Kohlheb, N.1    Krausmann, F.2
  • 41
    • 2642541545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resource flows and land use in Austria 1950-2000: using the MEFA framework to monitor society-nature interaction for sustainability
    • Krausmann F, Haberl H et al (2004) Resource flows and land use in Austria 1950-2000: using the MEFA framework to monitor society-nature interaction for sustainability. Land Use Policy 21(3): 215-230.
    • (2004) Land Use Policy , vol.21 , Issue.3 , pp. 215-230
    • Krausmann, F.1    Haberl, H.2
  • 42
    • 40749106573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global patterns of socioeconomic biomass flows in the year 2000: a comprehensive assessment of supply, consumption and constraints
    • Krausmann F, Erb KH et al (2008) Global patterns of socioeconomic biomass flows in the year 2000: a comprehensive assessment of supply, consumption and constraints. Ecol Econ 65: 471.
    • (2008) Ecol Econ , vol.65 , pp. 471
    • Krausmann, F.1    Erb, K.H.2
  • 43
    • 61349105966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What determines geographical patterns of the global human appropriation of net primary production?
    • Krausmann F, Haberl H et al (2009a) What determines geographical patterns of the global human appropriation of net primary production? J Land Use Sci 4: 15-33.
    • (2009) J Land Use Sci , vol.4 , pp. 15-33
    • Krausmann, F.1    Haberl, H.2
  • 44
    • 67649117908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth in global materials use, GDP and population during the 20th century
    • Krausmann F, Gingrich S et al (2009b) Growth in global materials use, GDP and population during the 20th century. Ecol Econ 68(10): 2696-2705.
    • (2009) Ecol Econ , vol.68 , Issue.10 , pp. 2696-2705
    • Krausmann, F.1    Gingrich, S.2
  • 45
    • 27844502473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smallholder agriculture and land reform in South Africa
    • Lahiff E, Cousins B (2005) Smallholder agriculture and land reform in South Africa. IDS Bull 36(2): 127-131.
    • (2005) IDS Bull , vol.36 , Issue.2 , pp. 127-131
    • Lahiff, E.1    Cousins, B.2
  • 46
    • 84869154942 scopus 로고
    • Drought network news (1994-2001), National Drought Mitigation Center-University of Nebraska, Lincoln
    • Laing MV (1994) Drought monitoring and advisory services in South Africa. Drought network news (1994-2001), National Drought Mitigation Center-University of Nebraska, Lincoln.
    • (1994) Drought monitoring and advisory services in South Africa
    • Laing, M.V.1
  • 47
    • 70449516346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomass consumed in anthropogenic vegetation fires: Global patterns and processes
    • Lauk C, Erb K-H (2009) Biomass consumed in anthropogenic vegetation fires: Global patterns and processes. Ecol Econ 9.
    • (2009) Ecol Econ , pp. 9
    • Lauk, C.1    Erb, K.-H.2
  • 48
    • 0009050516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sanctions on South Africa: what did they do?
    • Levy PI (1999) Sanctions on South Africa: what did they do? Am Econ Rev 89(2): 415.
    • (1999) Am Econ Rev , vol.89 , Issue.2 , pp. 415
    • Levy, P.I.1
  • 49
    • 0000930018 scopus 로고
    • The trophic-dynamic aspect of ecology
    • Lindeman RL (1942) The trophic-dynamic aspect of ecology. Ecology 23: 399-417.
    • (1942) Ecology , vol.23 , pp. 399-417
    • Lindeman, R.L.1
  • 50
    • 34548690996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complexity of coupled human and natural systems
    • Liu J, Dietz T et al (2007) Complexity of coupled human and natural systems. Science 317(5844): 1513-1516.
    • (2007) Science , vol.317 , Issue.5844 , pp. 1513-1516
    • Liu, J.1    Dietz, T.2
  • 51
    • 49649110375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human interactions with the Earth system: people and pixels revisited
    • Liverman DM, Cuesta RMR (2008) Human interactions with the Earth system: people and pixels revisited. Earth Surf Process Landf 33(9): 1458-1471.
    • (2008) Earth Surf Process Landf , vol.33 , Issue.9 , pp. 1458-1471
    • Liverman, D.M.1    Cuesta, R.M.R.2
  • 54
    • 0141933910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The socio-ecological embeddedness of economic activity: the emergence of a transdisciplinary field
    • E. Becker and T. Jahn (Eds.), London: Zed Books
    • Martinez-Alier J (1999) The socio-ecological embeddedness of economic activity: the emergence of a transdisciplinary field. In: Becker E, Jahn T (eds) Sustainability and the social sciences. Zed Books, London, pp 112-139.
    • (1999) Sustainability and the Social Sciences , pp. 112-139
    • Martinez-Alier, J.1
  • 55
    • 0000240082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three years after apartheid: growth, employment and redistribution?
    • Michie J, Padayachee V (1998) Three years after apartheid: growth, employment and redistribution? Camb J Econ 22(5): 623-636.
    • (1998) Camb J Econ , vol.22 , Issue.5 , pp. 623-636
    • Michie, J.1    Padayachee, V.2
  • 56
    • 24144450920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Summary for decision makers. Washington
    • Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005) Ecosystems and human well-being-our human planet. Summary for decision makers. Washington.
    • (2005) Ecosystems and human well-being-our human planet
  • 57
    • 70449512316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human appropriation of net primary production in the United Kingdom, 1800-2000: changes in society's impact on ecological energy flows during the agrarian-industrial transition
    • Musel A (2009) Human appropriation of net primary production in the United Kingdom, 1800-2000: changes in society's impact on ecological energy flows during the agrarian-industrial transition. Ecol Econ 69(2): 270-281.
    • (2009) Ecol Econ , vol.69 , Issue.2 , pp. 270-281
    • Musel, A.1
  • 61
    • 34848908031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A diagnostic approach for going beyond panaceas
    • Ostrom E (2007) A diagnostic approach for going beyond panaceas. Proc Natl Acad Sci 104(39): 15181-15187.
    • (2007) Proc Natl Acad Sci , vol.104 , Issue.39 , pp. 15181-15187
    • Ostrom, E.1
  • 62
    • 34848893951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Going beyond panaceas
    • Ostrom E, Janssen MA et al (2007) Going beyond panaceas. Proc Natl Acad Sci 104(39): 15176-15178.
    • (2007) Proc Natl Acad Sci , vol.104 , Issue.39 , pp. 15176-15178
    • Ostrom, E.1    Janssen, M.A.2
  • 63
    • 34247186864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using rain-use efficiency to explore livestock production trends in rangelands in the Transkei, South Africa
    • Palmer AR, Ainslie A (2007) Using rain-use efficiency to explore livestock production trends in rangelands in the Transkei, South Africa. Afr J Range Forage Sci 24(1): 43-49.
    • (2007) Afr J Range Forage Sci , vol.24 , Issue.1 , pp. 43-49
    • Palmer, A.R.1    Ainslie, A.2
  • 64
    • 4644248171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developing a science of land change: challenges and methodological issues
    • Rindfuss RR, Walsh SJ et al (2004) Developing a science of land change: challenges and methodological issues. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101(39): 13976-13981.
    • (2004) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.101 , Issue.39 , pp. 13976-13981
    • Rindfuss, R.R.1    Walsh, S.J.2
  • 65
    • 25844454553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intensity and spatial extent of droughts in southern Africa
    • Rouault M, Richard Y (2005) Intensity and spatial extent of droughts in southern Africa. Geophys Res Lett 32(15): L15702.
    • (2005) Geophys Res Lett , vol.32 , Issue.15
    • Rouault, M.1    Richard, Y.2
  • 66
    • 0038400941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current patterns of habitat transformation and future threats to biodiversity in the terrestrial ecosystems of the Cape Floristic Region, South Africa
    • Rouget M, Richardson DM, Cowling RM, Lloyd JW, Lomard AT (2003) Current patterns of habitat transformation and future threats to biodiversity in the terrestrial ecosystems of the Cape Floristic Region, South Africa. Biol Conserv 112(1-2): 63-85.
    • (2003) Biol Conserv , vol.112 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 63-85
    • Rouget, M.1    Richardson, D.M.2    Cowling, R.M.3    Lloyd, J.W.4    Lomard, A.T.5
  • 67
    • 14544291017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A biodiversity intactness index
    • Scholes RJ, Biggs R (2005) A biodiversity intactness index. Nature 434(7029): 45-49.
    • (2005) Nature , vol.434 , Issue.7029 , pp. 45-49
    • Scholes, R.J.1    Biggs, R.2
  • 68
    • 70449482487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human appropriation of aboveground net primary production in Spain, 1955-2003: an empirical analysis of the industrialization of land use
    • Schwarzlmüller E (2009) Human appropriation of aboveground net primary production in Spain, 1955-2003: an empirical analysis of the industrialization of land use. Ecol Econ 69(2): 282-291.
    • (2009) Ecol Econ , vol.69 , Issue.2 , pp. 282-291
    • Schwarzlmüller, E.1
  • 70
    • 0037293704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of ecosystem dynamics, plant geography and terrestrial carbon cycling in the LPJ dynamic global vegetation model
    • Sitch S, Smith B et al (2003) Evaluation of ecosystem dynamics, plant geography and terrestrial carbon cycling in the LPJ dynamic global vegetation model. Glob Change Biol 9: 161.
    • (2003) Glob Change Biol , vol.9 , pp. 161
    • Sitch, S.1    Smith, B.2
  • 72
    • 67650656641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determinants of the demand for regular farm labour in South Africa, 1960-2002
    • Sparrow GN, Ortmann GF et al (2008) Determinants of the demand for regular farm labour in South Africa, 1960-2002. Agrekon 47(1): 52-75.
    • (2008) Agrekon , vol.47 , Issue.1 , pp. 52-75
    • Sparrow, G.N.1    Ortmann, G.F.2
  • 73
    • 38049134453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The emergence of land change science for global environmental change and sustainability
    • Turner BL, Lambin EF et al (2007) The emergence of land change science for global environmental change and sustainability. Proc Natl Acad Sci 104(52): 20666-20671.
    • (2007) Proc Natl Acad Sci , vol.104 , Issue.52 , pp. 20666-20671
    • Turner, B.L.1    Lambin, E.F.2
  • 74
    • 0001784533 scopus 로고
    • Die heutige potentielle natürliche Vegetation als Gegenstand der Vegetationskartierung
    • Tüxen R (1956) Die heutige potentielle natürliche Vegetation als Gegenstand der Vegetationskartierung. Angewandte Pflanzensoziologie 13: 5-42.
    • (1956) Angewandte Pflanzensoziologie , vol.13 , pp. 5-42
    • Tüxen, R.1
  • 75
    • 18344376370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring conditions and trends of ecosystem services at multiple scale: the Southern African Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (SAfMA) experience
    • VanJaarsveld AS, Biggs R, Scholes RJ, Bohensky E, Reyers B, Lyman T, Musvoto C, Fabricius C (2005) Measuring conditions and trends of ecosystem services at multiple scale: the Southern African Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (SAfMA) experience. Phil Trans R Soc B 360: 425-441.
    • (2005) Phil Trans R Soc B , vol.360 , pp. 425-441
    • VanJaarsveld, A.S.1    Biggs, R.2    Scholes, R.J.3    Bohensky, E.4    Reyers, B.5    Lyman, T.6    Musvoto, C.7    Fabricius, C.8
  • 76
    • 70350088375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate and desertification: looking at an old problem through new lenses
    • Verstraete MM, Scholes RJ et al (2009) Climate and desertification: looking at an old problem through new lenses. Front Ecol Environ 7(8): 421-428.
    • (2009) Front Ecol Environ , vol.7 , Issue.8 , pp. 421-428
    • Verstraete, M.M.1    Scholes, R.J.2
  • 77
    • 0030812939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human domination of Earth's ecosystems
    • Vitousek PM (1997) Human domination of Earth's ecosystems. Science 277(5325): 494-499.
    • (1997) Science , vol.277 , Issue.5325 , pp. 494-499
    • Vitousek, P.M.1
  • 78
    • 0000133986 scopus 로고
    • Human appropriation of the products of photosynthesis
    • Vitousek PM, Ehrlich PR et al (1986) Human appropriation of the products of photosynthesis. Bioscience 36: 363.
    • (1986) Bioscience , vol.36 , pp. 363
    • Vitousek, P.M.1    Ehrlich, P.R.2
  • 79
    • 0029616315 scopus 로고
    • The burning of fuelwood in South Africa: when is it sustainable?
    • Von Maltitz G, Scholes RJ (1995) The burning of fuelwood in South Africa: when is it sustainable? Environ Monit Assess 38: 243-251.
    • (1995) Environ Monit Assess , vol.38 , pp. 243-251
    • von Maltitz, G.1    Scholes, R.J.2
  • 80
    • 2342539147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing the effects of human-induced land degradation in the former homelands of northern South Africa with a 1 km AVHRR NDVI time-series
    • Wessels KJ, Prince SD et al (2004) Assessing the effects of human-induced land degradation in the former homelands of northern South Africa with a 1 km AVHRR NDVI time-series. Remote Sens Environ 91: 47.
    • (2004) Remote Sens Environ , vol.91 , pp. 47
    • Wessels, K.J.1    Prince, S.D.2
  • 81
    • 0036870984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fuelwood use in South Africa: where to in the 21st century?
    • Williams A, Shackleton CM (2002) Fuelwood use in South Africa: where to in the 21st century? S Afr For J 1-8.
    • (2002) S Afr For J , pp. 1-8
    • Williams, A.1    Shackleton, C.M.2
  • 82
    • 0003926535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Bank University of Manchester, ESDS International
    • World Bank (2010) World development indicators, University of Manchester, ESDS International.
    • (2010) World development indicators
  • 83
    • 0025197772 scopus 로고
    • Human impacts on energy flow through natural ecosystems, and implications for species endangerment
    • Wright DH (1990) Human impacts on energy flow through natural ecosystems, and implications for species endangerment. Ambio 19(4): 189-194.
    • (1990) Ambio , vol.19 , Issue.4 , pp. 189-194
    • Wright, D.H.1
  • 84
    • 70449516050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The global loss of net primary production resulting from human-induced soil degradation in drylands
    • Zika M, Erb KH (2009) The global loss of net primary production resulting from human-induced soil degradation in drylands. Ecol Econ 69: 310.
    • (2009) Ecol Econ , vol.69 , pp. 310
    • Zika, M.1    Erb, K.H.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.