Sources of C2-C4 alkenes, the most important ozone nonmethane hydrocarbon precursors in the Pearl River Delta region

Science of the Total Environment

Volumn 502, Issue , 2015, Pages 236-245

  Zhang, Yanli ^a   Wang, Xinming ^a   Zhang, Zhou ^a,b   Lü, Sujun ^a,b   Huang, Zhonghui ^a,b   Li, Longfeng ^a,c  

^a GUANGZHOU INSTITUTE OF GEOCHEMISTRY   (China)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES   (China)

^c HUAIBEI NORMAL UNIVERSITY   (China)

Author keywords

Alkenes; LPG; OH reactivity; Ozone; Source apportioning; The Pearl River Delta region

Indexed keywords

LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; OZONE;

NON-METHANE HYDROCARBONS; OH REACTIVITY; PEARL RIVER DELTA REGION; SOURCE APPORTIONING;

OLEFINS;

1 BUTENE; 2 BUTENE; ALKENE; BUTENE DERIVATIVE; ETHYLENE; HYDROCARBON; HYDROXYL RADICAL; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; NONMETHANE HYDROCARBON; OZONE; PROPYLENE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUND; AIR POLLUTANT;

ALKENE; ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION; HYDROXYL RADICAL; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; MIXING RATIO; NONMETHANE HYDROCARBON; OZONE; POINT SOURCE POLLUTION; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS; TRAFFIC EMISSION; VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUND;

AIR ANALYSIS; AIR MONITORING; AIR POLLUTION; AIR POLLUTION CONTROL; AMBIENT AIR; ARTICLE; CHEMICAL PARAMETERS; CHINA; COMBUSTION; CONTROLLED STUDY; EXHAUST GAS; GEOGRAPHIC AND GEOLOGICAL PHENOMENA; INDUSTRY; OZONE FORMATION POTENTIAL; OZONE LAYER; PEARL RIVER DELTA; RURAL AREA; SUBURBAN AREA; URBAN AREA; AIR POLLUTANT; ANALYSIS; CHEMISTRY; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING;

CHINA; GUANGDONG; GUANGZHOU; ZHUJIANG DELTA;

AIR POLLUTANTS; ALKENES; CHINA; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; HYDROCARBONS; OZONE;

EID: 84907494759     PISSN: 00489697     EISSN: 18791026     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.09.024     Document Type: Article

References (72)

1. Anderson M.J., Miller S.L., Milford J.B. Source apportionment of exposure to toxic volatile organic compounds using positive matrix factorization. J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol 2001, 11:295-307.
2. Andreae M.O., Merlet P. Emission of trace gases and aerosols from biomass burning. Global Biogeochem Cycles 2001, 15:955-966.
3. Atkinson R., Arey J. Atmospheric degradation of volatile organic compounds. Chem Rev 2003, 103:4605-4638.
4. Atkinson R., Baulch D.L., Cox R.A., Hampson R.F., Kerr J.A., Rossi M.J., et al. Evaluated kinetic and photochemical data for atmospheric chemistry: supplement VI. J Phys Chem Ref Data 1997, 26:1329-1499.
5. Barletta B., Meinardi S., Simpson I.J., Khwaja H.A., Blake D.R., Rowland F.S. Mixing ratios of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the atmosphere of Karachi, Pakistan. Atmos Environ 2002, 36:3429-3443.
6. Barletta B., Meinardi S., Rowland F.S., Chan C.Y., Wang X.M., Zou S.C., et al. Volatile organic compounds in 43 Chinese cities. Atmos Environ 2005, 39:5979-5990.
7. Barletta B., Meinardi S., Simpson I.J., Zou S., Rowland F.S., Blake D.R. Ambient mixing ratios of nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) in two major urban centers of the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region: Guangzhou and Dongguan. Atmos Environ 2008, 42:4393-4408.
8. Beckett W.S. Ozone, air-pollution, and respiratory health. Yale J Biol Med 1991, 64:167-175.
9. Beig G., Singh V. Trends in tropical tropospheric column ozone from satellite data and MOZART model. Geophys Res Lett 2007, 34.
10. Blake D.R., Rowland F.S. Urban leakage of liquefied petroleum gas and its impact on Mexico City air-quality. Science 1995, 269:953-956.
11. Atmospheric chemistry in a changing world. The IGBP series 2003, Springer, Berlin, Germany. G.P. Brasseur, R.G. Prinn, A.P. Pszenny (Eds.).
12. Brown S.G., Frankel A., Hafner H.R. Source apportionment of VOCs in the Los Angeles area using positive matrix factorization. Atmos Environ 2007, 41:227-237.
13. Carter W.P.L. Update maximum incremental reactivity scale and hydrocarbon bin reactivities for regulatory application. California Air Resources Board, Contract 07-339 2009.
14. Chameides W.L., Kasibhatla P.S., Yienger J., Levy H. Growth of continental-scale metro-agro-plexes, regional ozone pollution, and world food-production. Science 1994, 264:74-77.
15. Chan C.Y., Chan L.Y., Harris J.M. Urban and background ozone trend in 1984-1999 at subtropical Hong Kong, South China. Ozone Sci Eng 2003, 25:513-522.
16. Chan L.Y., Chu K.W., Zou S.C., Chan C.Y., Wang X.M., Barletta B., et al. Characteristics of nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) in industrial, industrial-urban, and industrial-suburban atmospheres of the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region of south China. J Geophys Res 2006, 111.
17. Chang C.C., Lo S.J., Lo J.G., Wang J.L. Analysis of methyl tert-butyl ether in the atmosphere and implications as an exclusive indicator of automobile exhaust. Atmos Environ 2003, 37:4747-4755.
18. Cheng H., Guo H., Wang X., Saunders S., Lam S.H.M., Jiang F., et al. On the relationship between ozone and its precursors in the Pearl River Delta: application of an observation-based model (OBM). Environ Sci Pollut Res 2010, 17:547-560.
19. Dodge M.C. Combined use of modeling techniques and smog chamber data to derive ozone-precursor relationships. EPA-600/3-77-001b 1977, vol. II. B. Dimitriades (Ed.).
20. Ehhalt D.H., Rohrer F., Wahner A., Prather M.J., Blake D.R. On the use of hydrocarbons for the determination of tropospheric OH concentrations. J Geophys Res 1998, 103.
21. Finlayson-Pitts B.J. Atmospheric chemistry. Proc Natl Acad Sci 2010, 107.
22. Finlayson-Pitts B.J., Pitts J.N. Volatile organic compounds: ozone formation, alternative fuels, and toxics. Chem Ind 1993, 18.
23. Finlayson-Pitts B.J., Pitts J.N. Chemistry of the upper and lower atmosphere 1999, Academic Press, [Chapter 16].
24. Guo H., Wang T., Blake D.R., Simpson I.J., Kwok Y.H., Li Y.S. Regional and local contributions to ambient non-methane volatile organic compounds at a polluted rural/coastal site in Pearl River Delta, China. Atmos Environ 2006, 40:2345-2359.
25. Guo H., Zou S.C., Tsai W.Y., Chan L.Y., Blake D.R. Emission characteristics of nonmethane hydrocarbons from private cars and taxis at different driving speeds in Hong Kong. Atmos Environ 2011, 45:2711-2721.
26. Haagen-smit A.J., Fox M.M. Ozone formation in photochemical oxidation of organic substances. Ind Eng Chem 1956, 48:1484-1487.
27. Hakami A., Seinfeld J.H., Chai T.F., Tang Y.H., Carmichael G.R., Sandu A. Adjoint sensitivity analysis of ozone nonattainment over the continental United States. Environ Sci Technol 2006, 40:3855-3864.
28. Hofzumahaus A., Rohrer F., Lu K., Bohn B., Brauers T., Chang C.C., et al. Amplified trace gas removal in the troposphere. Science 2009, 324:1702-1704.
29. Holzinger R., Kleiss B., Donoso L., Sanhueza E. Aromatic hydrocarbons at urban, sub-urban, rural (8°52'N; 67°19'W) and remote sites in Venezuela. Atmos Environ 2001, 35:4917-4927.
30. Hopke P.K., Ramadan Z., Paatero P., Norris G.A., Landis M.S., Williams R.W., et al. Receptor modeling of ambient and personal exposure samples: 1998 Baltimore particulate matter epidemiology-exposure study. Atmos Environ 2003, 37:3289-3302.
31. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 2007, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. S. Solomon, D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K.B. Averyt, M. Tignor, H.L. Miller (Eds.).
32. Kleinman L.I., Daum P.H., Imre D., Lee J.H., Lee Y.N., Nunnermacker L.J., et al. Ozone production in the New York City urban plume. J Geophys Res 2000, 105:14,495-14,511.
33. Kleinman L.I., Daum P.H., Lee Y.N., Nunnermacker L.J., Springston S.R., Weinstein-Lloyd J., et al. A comparative study of ozone production in five U.S. metropolitan areas. J Geophys Res 2005, 110.
34. Kulkarni P.S., Ghude S.D., Bortoli D. Tropospheric ozone (TOR) trend over three major inland Indian cities: Delhi, Hyderabad and Bangalore. Ann Geophys 2010, 28:1879-1885.
35. Lal D.M., Ghude S.D., Patil S.D., Kulkarni S.H., Jena C., Tiwari S., et al. Tropospheric ozone and aerosol long-term trends over the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP), India. Atmos Res 2012, 116:82-92.
36. Lam K.S., Wang T.J., Wu C.L., Li Y.S. Study on an ozone episode in hot season in Hong Kong and transboundary air pollution over Pearl River Delta region of China. Atmos Environ 2005, 39:1967-1977.
37. Levy H. Normal atmosphere: large radical and formaldehyde concentrations predicted. Science 1971, 173:141-143.
38. Lippmann M. Health-effects of ozone - a critical-review. J Air Waste Manage Assoc 1989, 39:672-695.
39. Liu Y., Shao M., Lu S., Chang C.C., Wang J.L., Fu L. Source apportionment of ambient volatile organic compounds in the Pearl River Delta, China: part II. Atmos Environ 2008, 42:6261-6274.
40. Liu Y., Shao M., Fu L., Lu S., Zeng L., Tang D. Source profiles of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) measured in China: part I. Atmos Environ 2008, 42:6247-6260.
41. Liu J., Mu Y., Zhang Y., Zhang Z., Wang X., Liu Y., et al. Atmospheric levels of BTEX compounds during the 2008 Olympic Games in the urban area of Beijing. Sci Total Environ 2009, 408:109-116.
42. 3 formation. Atmos Chem Phys 2012, 12:7737-7752.
43. Logan J.A. Tropospheric ozone - seasonal behavior, trends, and anthropogenic influence. J Geophys Res 1985, 90:10463-10482.
44. Lou S., Holland F., Rohrer F., Lu K., Bohn B., Brauers T., et al. Atmospheric OH reactivities in the Pearl River Delta - China in summer 2006: measurement and model results. Atmos Chem Phys 2010, 10:11243-11260.
45. 2 concentrations in summer 2006. Atmos Chem Phys 2013, 13:1057-1080.
46. Martinez J.R., Maxwell C., Javitz H.S., Bawol R. Performance evaluation of the Empirical Kinetic Modeling Approach (EKMA). Air pollution modeling and its application II NATO • challenges of modern society 1983, volume 3:199-211.
47. Na K., Kim Y.P., Moon I., Moon K.C. Chemical composition of major VOC emission sources in the Seoul atmosphere. Chemosphere 2004, 55:585-594.
48. Paatero P. Least squares formulation of robust non-negative factor analysis. Chemometr Intell Lab 1997, 37:23-35.
49. Paatero P., Tapper U. Positive matrix factorization - a nonnegative factor model with optimal utilization of error-estimates of data values. Environmetrics 1994, 5:111-126.
50. Poirot R.L., Wishinski P.R., Hopke P.K., Polissar A.V. Comparative application of multiple receptor methods to identify aerosol sources in northern Vermont. Environ Sci Technol 2001, 35:4622-4636.
51. Polissar A.V., Hopke P.K., Paatero P. Atmospheric aerosol over Alaska - 2. Elemental composition and sources. J Geophys Res 1998, 103:19045-19057.
52. ReffA., Eberly S.I., Bhave P.V. Receptor modeling of ambient particulate matter data using positive matrix factorization: review of existing methods. J Air Waste Manage Assoc 2007, 57:146-154.
53. Schauer J.J., Kleeman M.J., Cass G.R., Simoneit B.R.T. Measurement of emissions from air pollution sources. 3. C1-C29 organic compounds from fireplace combustion of wood. Environ Sci Technol 2001, 35:1716-1728.
54. Shao M., Lu S., Liu Y., Xie X., Chang C., Huang S., et al. Volatile organic compounds measured in summer in Beijing and their role in ground-level ozone formation. J Geophys Res 2009, 114.
55. So K.L., Wang T. C3-C12 non-methane hydrocarbons in subtropical Hong Kong: spatial-temporal variations, source-receptor relationships and photochemical reactivity. Sci Total Environ 2004, 328:161-174.
56. Tang J.H., Chan L.Y., Chan C.Y., Li Y.S., Chang C.C., Liu S.C., et al. Characteristics and diurnal variations of NMHCs at urban, suburban, and rural sites in the Pearl River Delta and a remote site in South China. Atmos Environ 2007, 41:8620-8632.
57. Tang J.H., Chan L.Y., Chan C.Y., Li Y.S., Chang C.C., Wang X.M., et al. Implications of changing urban and rural emissions on non-methane hydrocarbons in the Pearl River Delta region of China. Atmos Environ 2008, 42:3780-3794.
58. Tang J.H., Chan L.Y., Chan C.Y., Liu S.C., Li Y.S. Characteristics and sources of non-methane hydrocarbons in background atmospheres of eastern, southwestern, and southern China. J Geophys Res 2009, 114.
59. Wang X., Lu W., Wang W., Leung A.Y.T. A study of ozone variation trend within area of affecting human health in Hong Kong. Chemosphere 2003, 52:1405-1410.
60. Wang X., Manning W., Feng Z., Zhu Y. Ground-level ozone in China: distribution and effects on crop yields. Environ Pollut 2007, 147:394-400.
61. Wang X., Zheng Q., Yao F., Chen Z., Feng Z., Manning W.J. Assessing the impact of ambient ozone on growth and yield of a rice (Oryza sativa L.) and a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar grown in the Yangtze Delta, China, using three rates of application of ethylenediurea (EDU). Environ Pollut 2007, 148:390-395.
62. Wang T., Wei X.L., Ding A.J., Poon C.N., Lam K.S., Li Y.S., et al. Increasing surface ozone concentrations in the background atmosphere of Southern China, 1994-2007. Atmos Chem Phys 2009, 9:6217-6227.
63. Yoshino A., Nakashima Y., Miyazaki K., Kato S., Suthawaree J., Shimo N., et al. Air quality diagnosis from comprehensive observations of total OH reactivity and reactive trace species in urban central Tokyo. Atmos Environ 2012, 49:51-59.
64. Yuan Z., Lau A.K.H., Shao M., Louie P.K.K., Liu S.C., Zhu T. Source analysis of volatile organic compounds by positive matrix factorization in urban and rural environments in Beijing. J Geophys Res 2009, 114.
65. Yuan B., Chen W., Shao M., Wang M., Lu S., Wang B., et al. Measurements of ambient hydrocarbons and carbonyls in the Pearl River Delta (PRD), China. Atmos Res 2012, 116:93-104.
66. Zhang J., Wang T., Chameides W.L., Cardelino C., Kwok J., Blake D.R., et al. Ozone production and hydrocarbon reactivity in Hong Kong, Southern China. Atmos Chem Phys 2007, 7:557-573.
67. Zhang Y.J., Mu Y., Liang P., Xu Z., Liu J., Zhang H., et al. Atmospheric BTEX and carbonyls during summer seasons of 2008-2010 in Beijing. Atmos Environ 2012, 59:186-191.
68. Zhang Y.L., Wang X.M., Blake D.R., Li L., Zhang Z., Wang S., et al. Aromatic hydrocarbons as ozone precursors before and after outbreak of the 2008 financial crisis in the Pearl River Delta region, south China. J Geophys Res 2012, 117.
69. Zhang Y.L., Wang X.M., Barletta B., Simpson I.J., Blake D.R., Fu X., et al. Source attributions of hazardous aromatic hydrocarbons in urban, suburban and rural areas in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region. J Hazard Mater 2013, 250:403-411.
70. Zhang Y.L., Wang X.M., Zhang Z., Lu S., Shao M., Lee F.S.C., et al. Species profiles and normalized reactivity of volatile organic compounds from gasoline evaporation in China. Atmos Environ 2013, 79:110-118.
71. 10 and CO while walking along streets in urban Guangzhou, China. Atmos Environ 2004, 38:6177-6184.
72. Zheng J., Zhong L., Wang T., Louie P.K.K., Li Z. Ground-level ozone in the Pearl River Delta region: analysis of data from a recently established regional air quality monitoring network. Atmos Environ 2010, 44:814-823.