Fascioliasis

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

Volumn 766, Issue , 2014, Pages 77-114

  Mas Coma, Santiago ^a   Adela Valero, M ^a   Dolores Bargues, M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF VALENCIA   (Spain)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALBENDAZOLE; ANTIPLATYHELMINTIC AGENT; ARTEMETHER; ARTESUNATE; BITHIONOL; CHLOROQUINE; DEHYDROEMETINE; EMETINE; HEXACHLORXYLOL; MEBENDAZOLE; METRONIDAZOLE; MIRAZID; NICLOFOLAN; NITAZOXANIDE; PRAZIQUANTEL; TRICLABENDAZOLE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; ANTINEMATODAL AGENT;

ABDOMINAL PAIN; ANOREXIA; ARTICLE; CARDIOTOXICITY; CLIMATE CHANGE; COMPUTER IMAGE ANALYSIS SYSTEM; CONTROL STRATEGY; CULTIVATED SPECIES; DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE; DIARRHEA; DNA SEQUENCE; DRUG CHOICE; DRUG EFFICACY; ENZYME LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY; FASCIOLA GIGANTICA; FASCIOLA HEPATICA; FASCIOLIASIS; FECES ANALYSIS; FOOD CONTAMINATION; GASTROINTESTINAL TOXICITY; GASTROPOD; GLOBAL CLIMATE; HUMAN; IMMUNOBIOLOGY; IMMUNOLOGICAL TECHNIQUE; INFECTION PREVENTION; KATO KATZ TECHNIQUE; LATERAL FLOW TEST; LIVER TOXICITY; MIXED INFECTION; NAUSEA; PARASITE CONTROL; PARASITE TRANSMISSION; PATHOLOGY; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PREVALENCE; PREVENTION AND CONTROL; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PRURITUS; RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM; SEASONAL VARIATION; SEROLOGY; SPECIES DIFFERENTIATION; SYMPTOMATOLOGY; TERRESTRIAL SPECIES; TREMATODE LIFE CYCLE STAGE; URTICARIA; VOMITING; WATER CONTAMINATION; WILD PLANT; ANIMAL; CLASSIFICATION; DISEASE CARRIER; DISEASE TRANSMISSION; FASCIOLA; LIFE CYCLE STAGE; LYMNAEA; PARASITOLOGY; PATHOGENICITY; PHYSIOLOGY; REVIEW; SEASON;

ANIMALS; ANTINEMATODAL AGENTS; CLIMATE CHANGE; DISEASE VECTORS; FASCIOLA; FASCIOLIASIS; HUMANS; LIFE CYCLE STAGES; LYMNAEA; SEASONS;

EID: 84907409315     PISSN: 00652598     EISSN: 22148019     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0915-5_4     Document Type: Article

References (168)

1. Mas-Coma S, Bargues MD, Valero MA et al (2003) Adaptation capacities of Fasciola hepatica and their relationships with human fascioliasis: from below sea level up to the very high altitude. In: Combes C, Jourdane J (eds) Taxonomy, ecology and evolution of metazoan parasites, vol 2. Presses Universitaires de Perpignan, Perpignan
2. Mas-Coma S, Bargues MD, Valero MA (2005) Fascioliasis and other plant-borne trematode zoonoses. Int J Parasitol 35:1255-1278
3. Chen MG, Mott KE (1990) Progress in assessment of morbidity due to Fasciola hepatica infection: a review of recent literature. Trop Dis Bull 87:R1-R38
4. World Health Organization (1995) Control of foodborne trematode infections, vol 849, WHO technical report series. World Health Organization, Geneva, pp 1-157
5. Mas-Coma S, Esteban JG, Bargues MD (1999) Epidemiology of human fascioliasis: a review and proposed new classification. Bull World Health Organ 77:340-346
6. Mas-Coma S, Valero MA, Bargues MD (2009) Fasciola, lymnaeids and human fascioliasis, with a global overview on disease transmission, epidemiology, evolutionary genetics, molecular epidemiology and control. Adv Parasitol 69:41-146
7. Mas-Coma S (2004) Human fascioliasis. In: Cotruvo JA, Dufour A, Rees G, Bartram J, Carr R, Cliver DO, Craun GF, Fayer R, Gannon VPJ (eds) World Health Organization (WHO), waterborne zoonoses: identification, causes and control. IWA, London
8. Mas-Coma S, Bargues MD, Esteban JG (1999) Human fasciolosis. In: Dalton JP (ed) Fasciolosis. CAB International, Wallingford, Oxon
9. World Health Organization (2013) Sustaining the drive to overcome the global impact of neglected tropical diseases. World Health Organization, WHO Headquarters, Geneva, 138 pp
10. Periago MV, Valero MA, Panova M et al (2006) Phenotypic comparison of allopatric populations of Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica from European and African bovines using a computer image analysis system (CIAS). Parasitol Res 99:368-378
11. Periago MV, Valero MA, El Sayed M et al (2008) First phenotypic description of Fasciola hepatica / Fasciola gigantica intermediate forms from the human endemic area of the Nile Delta, Egypt. Infect Genet Evol 8:51-58
12. Ashrafi K, Valero MA, Panova M et al (2006) Phenotypic analysis of adults of Fasciola hepatica, Fasciola gigantica and intermediate forms from the endemic region of Gilan, Iran. Parasitol Int 55:249-260
13. Afshan K, Valero MA, Qayyum M et al (2013) Phenotypes of intermediate forms of Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica in buffaloes from Central Punjab, Pakistan. J Helminthol. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X13000369
14. Valero MA, Darce NA, Panova M et al (2001) Relationships between host species and morphometric patterns in Fasciola hepatica adults and eggs from the Northern Bolivian Altiplano hyperendemic region. Vet Parasitol 102:85-100
15. Mas-Coma S, Bargues MD (1997) Human liver flukes: a review. Res Rev Parasitol 57:145-218
16. Losos GJ (1986) Infectious tropical diseases of domestic animals. Longman Scientific & Technical, Essex
17. Mas-Coma S, Fons R, Feliu C et al (1987) Conséquences des phènomènes liés à l'insularité dans les maladies parasitaires. La Grande douve du foie ( Fasciola hepatica ) et les Muridés en Corse. Bull Soc Neuchâtel Sci Nat 110:57-62
18. Mas-Coma S, Fons R, Feliu C et al (1988) Small mammals as natural definitive hosts of the liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica Linnaeus, 1758 (Trematoda: Fasciolidae): a review and two new records of epidemiologic interest on the island of Corsica. Riv Parassitol 5:73-78
19. Rondelaud D, Belfaiza M, Vignoles P et al (2009) Redial generations of Fasciola hepatica: A review. J Helminthol 83:245-254
20. Valero MA, Navarro M, Garcia-Bodelon MA et al (2006) High risk of bacterobilia in advanced experimental chronic fasciolosis. Acta Trop 100:17-23
21. Mas-Coma S, Valero MA, Bargues MD (2009) Climate change effects on trematodiases, with emphasis on zoonotic fascioliasis and schistosomiasis. Vet Parasitol 163:264-280
22. Bargues MD, Vigo M, Horak P et al (2001) European Lymnaeidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda), intermediate hosts of trematodiases, based on nuclear ribosomal DNA ITS-2 sequences. Infect Genet Evol 1:85-107
23. Bargues MD, Artigas P, Mera y Sierra RL et al (2007) Characterisation of Lymnaea cubensis, L. viatrix and L. neotropica n. sp., the main vectors of Fasciola hepatica in Latin America, by analysis of their ribosomal and mitochondrial DNA. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 101:621-641
24. Bargues MD, Artigas P, Khoubbane M et al (2011) Lymnaea schirazensis, an overlooked snail distorting fascioliasis data: genotype, phenotype, ecology, worldwide spread, susceptibility, applicability. PLoS One 6:e24567
25. Bargues MD, Artigas P, Khoubbane M et al (2011) DNA sequence characterisation and phylogeography of Lymnaea cousini and related species, vectors of fascioliasis in northern Andean countries, with description of L. meridensis n. sp. (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae). Parasit Vectors 4:132. doi: 10.1186/1756-3305-4-132
26. Bargues MD, Horak P, Patzner RA et al (2003) Insights into the relationships of Palaearctic and Nearctic lymnaeids (Mollusca: Gastropoda) by rDNA ITS-2 sequencing and phylogeny of stagnicoline intermediate host species of Fasciola hepatica. Parasite 10:243-255
27. Bargues MD, Gonzalez C, Artigas P et al (2011) A new baseline for fascioliasis in Venezuela: lymnaeid vectors ascertained by DNA sequencing and analysis of their relationships with human and animal infection. Parasite Vectors. doi: 10.1186/1756-3305-4-200
28. Artigas P, Bargues MD, Mera y Sierra R et al (2011) Characterisation of fascioliasis lymnaeid intermediate hosts from Chile by DNA sequencing, with emphasis on Lymnaea viator and Galba truncatula. Acta Trop 120:245-257
29. Mas-Coma S, Angles R, Esteban JG et al (1999) The Northern Bolivian Altiplano: a region highly endemic for human fascioliasis. Trop Med Int Health 4:454-467
30. Anonymous (1988) Parasitic diseases: hepatic distomiasis caused by Fasciola hepatica. Weekly Epidemiol Rec 63:109-111
31. Coudert J, Triozon F (1958) Recherche sur l'épidémiologie de la distomatose humaine à Fasciola hepatica. A propos d'une épidémie récente de 500 cas. Rev Hyg Med Soc 6:840-864
32. Gaillet P, Liance M, Rivollet D et al (1983) Situation de la fasciolose humaine en France, enquête retrospective portant sur les 30 dernières années. Bull Soc Franç Parasitol 1:79-82
33. Giap LH (1987) Distomatose hépatique à Fasciola hepatica. Université de Bordeaux II, Bordeaux, Laboratoire de Parasitologie
34. Ripert C, Tribouley J, Luang Dinh Giap G et al (1987) Epidémiologie de la fasciolose humaine dans le sud ouest de la France. Bull Soc Franç Parasitol 5:227-230
35. Danis M, Nozais JP, Chandenier J (1985) La distomatose à Fasciola hepatica. II: La fasciolose humaine en France. Action Vét 907:VII-VIII
36. Sampaio-Silva ML, Correia da Costa JM, Viana da Costa AM et al (1996) Antigenic components of excretory-secretory products of adult Fasciola hepatica recognized in human infections. Am J Trop Med Hyg 54:146-148
37. Sorribes J, Aubary MJ, Bargues MD et al (1990) Revisión de los casos humanos de Fascioliasis en España entre los años 1970 y 1989. Paper presented at the Congreso de Zoonosis, 1º Interautonómico, Reunión de la International Zoonoses Association (IZA), Valencia, Spain
38. Turrientes MC, de Sta S, Maria A, Ceballos E et al (2004) Fasciolosis importada y autóctona. Enf Emerg 6:188
39. Esteban JG, Bargues MD, Mas-Coma S (1998) Geographical distribution, diagnosis and treatment of human fascioliasis: a review. Res Rev Parasitol 58:13-42
40. Massoud J (1990) Fascioliasis outbreak of man and drug test (Triclabendazol) in Caspian littoral, northern part of Iran, 1989. Bull Soc Franç Parasitol 8:S438
41. Massoud J (1993) Present status of human fascioliasis in Iran. In: Food-borne trematodes, World Health Organization, WHO Manual, Manila, Mimeogr. Rep. Sch/SG/93 w:19
42. Ashrafi K, Massoud J, Houlakuei K et al (2004) Evidence suggesting that Fasciola gigantica may be the most prevalent causal agent of fascioliasis in the endemic province of Gilan, northern Iran. Iran J Public Health 33:31-37
43. Moghaddam AS, Massoud J, Mahmoodi M et al (2004) Human and animal fascioliasis in Mazandaran province, northern Iran. Parasitol Res 94:61-69
44. Yilmaz H, Gödekmerdan A (2004) Human fasciolosis in Van province, Turkey. Acta Trop 92:161-162
45. Mas-Coma S (2004) Human fascioliasis: epidemiological patterns in human endemic areas of South America, Africa and Asia. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 35:1-11
46. De NV, Murrell KD, Cong LD et al (2003) The food-borne trematode zoonoses of Vietnam. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 34:S12-S34
47. De NV, Le TH, Waikagul J (2006) Planborne trematodes and fascioliasis in Vietnam. Paper presented at the 5th Seminar on food- and water-born parasitic zoonoses, Bangkok, 28-30 November 2006
48. Hung NM, Dung DT (2011) Controlling helminthiasis period 2006-2010 and study in next period 2011-2015 in Vietnam. Bull Nat Inst Malariol Parasitol Entomol 2:7-15
49. Quang TD, Duong TH, Richard-Lenoble D et al (2008) Emergence chez l'homme de fasciolose à Fasciola gigantica et de distomatose intestinale à Fasciolopsis buski au Laos. Cahiers Santé 18:119-124
50. Curtale F, Hammoud ES, El Wakeel A et al (2000) Human fascioliasis, an emerging public health problem in the Nile Delta, Egypt. Res Rev Parasitol 60:129-134
51. Curtale F, Hassanein YAE, El Wakeel A et al (2003) Distribution of human fascioliasis by age and gender among rural population in the Nile Delta, Egypt. J Trop Pediatr 49:264-268
52. Curtale F, Mas-Coma S, Hassanein YAE et al (2003) Clinical signs and household characteristics associated with human fascioliasis among rural population in Egypt: a case-control study. Parassitologia 45:5-11
53. Haseeb AN, El Shazly AM, Arafa MAS et al (2002) A review on fascioliasis in Egypt. J Egypt Soc Parasitol 32:317-354
54. Esteban JG, Gonzalez C, Curtale F et al (2003) Hyperendemic fascioliasis associated with schistosomiasis in villages of the Nile Delta, Egypt. Am J Trop Med Hyg 69:429-437
55. Hillyer GV, Soler de Galanes M, Rodriguez-Perez J et al (1992) Use of the Falcon assay screening test-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (FAST-ELISA) and the enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB) to determine the prevalence of human fascioliasis in the Bolivian Altiplano. Am J Trop Med Hyg 46:603-609
56. Bjorland J, Bryan RT, Strauss W et al (1995) An outbreak of acute fascioliasis among Aymara Indians in the Bolivian Altiplano. Clin Infect Dis 21:1228-1233
57. Esteban JG, Flores A, Aguirre C et al (1997) Presence of very high prevalence and intensity of infection with Fasciola hepatica among Aymara children from the Northern Bolivian Altiplano. Acta Trop 66:1-14
58. Esteban JG, Flores A, Angles R et al (1997) A population-based coprological study of human fascioliasis in a hyperendemic area of the Bolivian Altiplano. Trop Med Int Health 2:695-699
59. Esteban JG, Flores A, Angles R et al (1999) High endemicity of human fascioliasis between Lake Titicaca and La Paz valley, Bolivia. Trans Roy Soc Trop Med Hyg 93:151-156
60. Esteban JG, Gonzalez C, Bargues MD et al (2002) High fascioliasis infection in children linked to a man-made irrigation zone in Peru. Trop Med Int Health 7:339-348
61. Raymundo LA, Maco Flores V, Terashima A et al (2004) Hiperendemicidad de Fasciolosis humana en el Valle del Mantaro, Perú: factores de riesgo de la infeccion por Fasciola hepatica. Rev Gastroenterol Peru 24:158-164
62. Gonzalez LC, Esteban JG, Bargues MD et al (2011) Hyperendemic human fascioliasis in Andean valleys: An altitudinal transect analysis in children of Cajamarca province, Peru. Acta Trop 120:119-129
63. Trueba G, Guerrero T, Fornasini M et al (2000) Detection of Fasciola hepatica infection in a community located in the Ecuadorian Andes. Am J Trop Med Hyg 62:518
64. Carnevale S, Cabrera MG, Cucher MA et al (2013) Direct, immunological and molecular techniques for a fasciolosis survey in a rural area of San Luis, Argentina. J Parasit Dis 37(2):251-259
65. Mera y Sierra R, Agramunt VH, Cuervo P et al (2011) Human fascioliasis in Argentina: retrospective overview, critical analysis and baseline for future research. Parasit Vectors 4:104. doi: 10.1186/1756-3305-4-104
66. Apt W, Aguilera X, Vega F et al (1993) Prevalencia de fascoliasis en humanos, caballos, cerdos y conejos silvestres en tres provincias de Chile. Bol Oficina Sanit Panama 115:405-414
67. Zumaquero-Ríos JL, Sarracent-Pérez J, Rojas-García R et al (2013) Fascioliasis and intestinal parasitoses affecting schoolchildren in Atlixco, Puebla State, Mexico: Epidemiology and treatment with nitazoxanide. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 7(11):e2553
68. Vasquez P (1943) Fasciola hepatica, Reporte del primer caso observado en Cuba, en un niño. Arch Med Inf 12:163
69. Arenas R, Espinoza A, Padron E (1948) Fasciolasis hépática con carácter de brote epidémico. Rev Kuba Med Trop Parasitol 4:92-97
70. Brito Alberto E, Hernandez Barreto MA, De La Fe RP et al (2010) Prevalencia, decomisos de hígado y pérdidas económicas por Fasciola hepatica en mataderos bovinos de tres provincias de la región central de Cuba. REDVET Rev Electr Vet 11:1-7
71. Millan JC, Mull R, Freise S et al (2000) The efficacy and tolerability of triclabendazole in Cuban patients with latent and chronic Fasciola hepatica infection. Am J Trop Med Hyg 63:264-269
72. Diaz Fernandez R, Garces Martinez M, Millan Alvarez LM et al (2011) Comportamiento clínico-terapéutico de Fasciola hepatica en una serie de 87 pacientes. Rev Cubana Med Trop 63:268-274
73. Gonzales Santana B, Dalton JP, Vasquez Camargo F et al (2013) The diagnosis of human fascioliasis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using recombinant cathepsin L protease. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 7:e2414
74. Rojas L, Vazquez A, Domenech I et al (2009) Fascioliasis: can Cuba conquer this emerging parasitosis? Trends Parasitol 26:26-34
75. Hillyer GV (1981) Fascioliasis in Puerto Rico: a review. Bol Asoc Med P R 73:94-101
76. Agnamey P, Fortes-Lopes E, Raccurt CP et al (2012) Cross-sectional serological survey of human fascioliasis in Haiti. J Parasitol Res 2012:751951, http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/751951
77. Clay RC, Straight WM (1961) Surgical removal of liver flukes from the common bile duct. JAMA 177:786-788
78. Mas-Coma S (2005) Epidemiology of fascioliasis in human endemic areas. J Helminthol 79:207-216
79. Valero MA, Perez-Crespo I, Khoubbane M et al (2012) Fasciola hepatica phenotypic characterisation in Andean human endemic areas: valley versus altiplanic patterns analysed in liver flukes from sheep from Cajamarca and Mantaro, Peru. Infect Genet Evol 12:403-410
80. Tum S, Puotinen ML, Copeman DB (2004) A geographic information system model for mapping risk of fasciolosis in cattle and buffaloes in Cambodia. Vet Parasitol 122:141-149
81. Tum S, Puotinen ML, Skerratt LF et al (2007) Validation of a geographic information system model for mapping the risk of fasciolosis in cattle and buffaloes in Cambodia. Vet Parasitol 143:364-367
82. Afshan K, Fortes-Lima CA, Artigas P et al (2013) Impact of climate change and man-made irrigation systems on the transmission risk, long-term trend and seasonality of human and animal fascioliasis in Pakistan. Geospatial Health 8:317-334
83. Ashrafi K, Valero MA, Massoud J et al (2006) Plant-borne human contamination by fascioliasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 75:295-302
84. Valero MA, Mas-Coma S (2000) Comparative infectivity of Fasciola hepatica metacercariae from isolates of the main and secondary reservoir animal host species in the Bolivian Altiplano high human endemic region. Folia Parasitol 47:17-22
85. Mas-Coma S, Bargues MD, Marty AM et al (2000) Hepatic trematodiases. In: Meyers WM, Neafie AM, Marty AM, Wear DJ (eds) Pathology of infectious diseases, vol 1, Helminthiases. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology and American Registry of Pathology, Washington, DC
86. Arjona R, Riancho JA, Aguado JM et al (1995) Fascioliasis in developed countries: a review of classic and aberrant forms of the disease. Medicine 74:13-23
87. Marcos LA, Busalleu A, Terashima A et al (2009) Detection of antibodies against Fasciola hepatica in cirrhotic patients from Peru. J Helminthol 83:23-26
88. Marcos Raymundo LA, Maco Flores V, Terashima Iwashita A et al (2002) Características clínicas de la infección crómica por Fasciola hepatica en niños. Rev Gastroenterol Peru 22:228-233
89. Mas-Coma S, Agramunt VH, Valero MA (2014) Neurological and ocular fascioliasis in humans. Adv Parasitol 84(84):27-149
90. Valero MA, Girones N, Garcia-Bodelon MA et al (2008) Anaemia in advanced chronic fasciolosis. Acta Trop 108:35-43
91. Valero MA, Santana M, Morales M et al (2003) Risk of gallstone disease in advanced chronic phase of fascioliasis: an experimental study in a rat model. J Infect Dis 188:787-793
92. Mas-Coma S, Agramunt VH, Valero MA (2013) Direct and indirect affection of the central nervous system by Fasciola infection. Handb Clin Neurol 114:297-310
93. Brady MT, O'Nneill SM, Dalton JP et al (1999) Fasciola hepatica suppresses a protective Th1 response against Bordetella pertussis. Infect Immun 67:5372-5378
94. Girones N, Valero MA, Garcia-Bodelon MA et al (2007) Immune suppression in advanced chronic fascioliasis: an experimental study in a rat model. J Infect Dis 195:1504-1512
95. O'Neill SM, Brady MT, Callanan JJ et al (2000) Fasciola hepatica infection downregulates Th1 responses in mice. Parasite Immunol 22:147-155
96. Jaffar Z, Sivakuru T, Roberts K (2004) CD4(+) CD25(+) T cells regulate airway eosinophilic inflammation by modulating the Th2 cell phenotype. J Immunol 172:3842-3849
97. Dalton JP, Robinson MW, Mulcahy G et al (2013) Immunomodulatory molecules of Fasciola hepatica: Candidates for both vaccine and immunotherapeutic development. Vet Parasitol 195:272-285
98. Blair D (1993) Molecular variation in fasciolids and Paragonimus. Acta Trop 53:277-289
99. Lee CG, Zimmerman GL, Bishop JK (1992) Host influence on the banding profiles of wholebody protein and excretory-secretory product of Fasciola hepatica (Trematoda) by isoelectric focusing. Vet Parasitol 41:57-68
100. Semyenova SK, Morozova EV, Chrisanfova GG et al (2003) RAPD variability and genetic diversity in two populations of liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica. Acta Parasitol 48:125-130
101. Hurtrez-Bousses S, Durand P, Jabbour-Zahab R et al (2004) Isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers in the liver fluke ( Fasciola hepatica ). Mol Ecol Notes 4:689-690
102. Marcilla A, Bargues MD, Mas-Coma S (2002) A PCR-RFLP assay for the distinction between Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica. Mol Cell Probes 16:327-333
103. Huang WY, He B, Wang CR et al (2004) Characterisation of Fasciola species from Mainland China by ITS-2 ribosomal DNA sequence. Vet Parasitol 120:75-83
104. Rokni MB, Mirhendi H, Mizani A et al (2010) Identification and differentiation of Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica using a simple PCR-restriction enzyme method. Exp Parasitol 124:209-213
105. Blair D, McManus DP (1989) Restriction enzyme mapping of ribosomal DNA can distinguish between fasciolid (liver fluke) species. Mol Biochem Parasitol 36:201-208
106. Barker SC, Blair D, Garret AR et al (1993) Utility of the D1 domain of nuclear 28S rRNA for phylogenetic inference in the Digenea. Syst Parasitol 26:181-188
107. Mas-Coma S, Bargues MD (2009) Populations, hybrids and the systematic concepts of species and subspecies in Chagas disease triatomine vectors inferred from nuclear ribosomal and mitochondrial DNA. Acta Trop 110:112-136
108. Mas-Coma S, Funatsu IR, Bargues MD (2001) Fasciola hepatica and lymnaeid snails occurring at very high altitude in South America. Parasitology 123:S115-S127
109. Le TH, Blair D, McManus DP (2001) Complete DNA sequence and gene organization of the mitochondrial genome of the liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica L. (Plathelminthes; Trematoda). Parasitology 123:609-621
110. McVeigh P, Maule AG, Dalton JP et al (2012) Fasciola hepatica virulence-associated cysteine peptidases: A systems biology perspective. Microbes Infect 14:301-310
111. Spithill TW, Carmona C, Piedrafita D et al (2012) Prospects for immunoprophylaxis against Fasciola hepatica (liver fluke). In: Caffrey CR, Selzer PM (eds) Parasitic helminths: targets, screens, drugs and vaccines. Wiley, Weinheim
112. De La Torre EE, Manzano-Román R et al (2011) Comparative proteomic analysis of Fasciola hepatica juveniles and Schistosoma bovis schistopsomula. J Proteomics 74:1534-1544
113. Hillyer GV (1999) Immunodiagnosis of human and animal fasciolosis. In: Dalton JP (ed) Fasciolosis. CAB International, Wallingford, Oxon
114. Valero MA, De Renzi M, Panova M et al (2006) Crowding effect on adult growth, pre-patent period and egg shedding of Fasciola hepatica. Parasitology 133:453-463
115. Valero MA, Perez-Crespo I, Periago MV et al (2009) Fluke egg characteristics for the diagnosis of human and animal fascioliasis by Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica. Acta Trop 111:150-159
116. Tinar R (1984) Yumurta boyutlarina gore Fasciola gigantica ile Fasciola hepatica ' nin ayirimi uzerinde arastirmalar. Vet Fak Ankara Univ 31:207-229
117. Inoue K, Kanemasa H, Inoue K et al (2007) A case of human fasciolosis: discrepancy between egg size and genotype of Fasciola sp. Parasitol Res 100:665-667
118. World Health Organization (2007) Report of the WHO informal meeting on use of triclabendazole in fascioliasis control. World Health Organization, WHO Headquarters, Geneva
119. Valero MA, Periago MV, Perez-Crespo I et al (2012) Field evaluation of a coproantigen detection test for fascioliasis diagnosis and surveillance in human hyperendemic areas of Andean countries. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 6:e1812
120. Cordova M, Herrera P, Nopo L et al (1997) Fasciola hepatica cysteine proteinases: immunodominant antigens in human fascioliasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 57:660-666
121. Cordova M, Reategui L, Espinoza JR (1999) Immunodiagnosis of human fascioliasis with Fasciola hepatica cysteine proteinases. Trans Roy Soc Trop Med Hyg 93:54-57
122. O'Neill SM, Parkinson SM, Strauss W et al (1998) Immunodiagnosis of Fasciola hepatica (Fascioliasis) in a human population in the Bolivian Altiplano using purified cathepsin L cysteine proteinase. Am J Trop Med Hyg 58:417-423
123. O'Neill SM, Parkinson SM, Dowd AJ et al (1999) Immunodiagnosis of human fascioliasis using recombinant Fasciola hepatica cathepsin L1 cysteine proteinase. Am J Trop Med Hyg 60:749-751
124. Strauss W, O'Neill SM, Parkinson M et al (1999) Diagnosis of human fascioliasis: detection of anti-cathepsin L antibodies in blood samples collected on filter paper. Am J Trop Med Hyg 60:746-748
125. Espinoza JR, Maco V, Marcos L et al (2007) Evaluation of Fas2-ELISA for the serological detection of Fasciola hepatica infection in humans. Am J Trop Med Hyg 76:977-982
126. Rokni MB, Massoud J, O'Neill SM et al (2002) Diagnosis of human fasciolosis in the Gilan province of Northern Iran: application of cathepsin L-ELISA. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 44:175-179
127. Mezo M, Gonzalez-Warleta M, Ubeira FM (2003) Optimized serodiagnosis of sheep fascioliasis by fast-D protein liquid chromatography fractionation of F. hepatica excretory- secretory antigens. J Parasitol 89:843-849
128. Mezo M, Gonzalez-Warleta M, Carro C et al (2004) An ultrasensitive capture ELISA for detection of Fasciola hepatica coproantigens in sheep and cattle using a new monoclonal antibody (MM3). J Parasitol 90:845-852
129. Maleewong W, Wongkham C, Intapan PM et al (1999) Fasciola gigantica -specific antigens: purification by a continuous-elution method and its evaluation for the diagnosis of human fascioliasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 61:648-651
130. Ikeda T (1998) Cystatin capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for immunodiagnosis of human paragonimiasis and fascioliasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 59:286-290
131. Intapan PM, Mallewong W, Wongkham C et al (1998) Excretory-secretory antigen components of adult Fasciola gigantica recognized by infected human sera. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 29:579-583
132. Intapan PM, Sadee P, Wongkham C et al (2004) Development of rapid agglutination test using Fasciola gigantica specific antigen for serodiagnosis of human fascioliasis. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 35:S313-S317
133. Tantrawatpan C, Maleewong W, Wongkham C et al (2005) Serodiagnosis of human fascioliasis by cystatin capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with recombinant Fasciola gigantica capthespsin L antigen. Am J Trop Med Hyg 72:82-86
134. Carnevale S, Rodriguez MI, Guarnera EA et al (2001) Immunodiagnosis of fasciolosis using recombinant procathepsin L cysteine proteinase. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 41:43-49
135. Ubeira FM, Muiño L, Valero MA et al (2009) MM3-ELISA detection of Fasciola hepatica coproantigens in preserved human stool samples. Am J Trop Med Hyg 81:156-162
136. Valero MA, Periago MV, Perez-Crespo I et al (2012) Assessing the validity of an ELISA test for the serological diagnosis of human fascioliasis in different epidemiological situations. Trop Med Int Health 17:630-636
137. Martinez-Sernandez V, Muiño L, Perteguer MJ et al (2011) Development and Evaluation of a new lateral flow Immunoassay for serodiagnosis of human fasciolosis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 5:e1376
138. Le TH, Nguyen KT, Nguyen NTB et al (2012) Development and evaluation of a single step duplex PCR for simultaneous detection of Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica (Fasciolidae; Trematoda; Platyhelminthes). J Clin Microbiol 50:2720-2726
139. Alasaad S, Soriguer RC, Abu-Madi M et al (2011) A TaqMan real-time PCR-based assay for the identification of Fasciola spp. Vet Parasitol 179:266-271
140. Ai L, Dong SJ, Zhang WY, Elsheikha HM et al (2010) Specific PCR-based assays for the identification of Fasciola species: their development, evaluation and potential usefulness in prevalence surveys. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 104:65-72
141. Savioli L, Chistulo L, Montresor A (1999) New opportunities for the control of fascioliasis. Bull World Health Organ 77:300
142. Lecaillon JB, Gobdillon J, Campestrini J (1998) Effect of food on bioavailability of triclabendazole in patients with fascioliasis. Br J Clin Pharmacol 45:601-604
143. Apt W, Aguilera X, Vega F et al (1995) Treatment of human chronic fascioliasis with triclabendazol: drug efficacy and serologic response. Am J Trop Med Hyg 52:532-535
144. El-Morshedy H, Farghaly A, Sharaf S et al (1999) Triclabendazole in the treatment of human fascioliasis: a community-based study. East Mediterr Health J 5:888-894
145. Talaie H, Emami H, Yadegarinia D et al (2004) Randomized trial of a single, double and triple dose of 10 mg/kg of a human formulation of triclabendazole in patients with fascioliasis. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 31:777-782
146. Mas-Coma S, Bargues MD, Valero MA (2007) Plantborne trematode zoonoses: fascioliasis and fasciolopsiasis. In: Murrell D, Fried B (eds) World class parasites, vol 11, Food-borne parasites, fish and plant-borne parasites. Springer, New York
147. Oliveira DR, Ferreira DM, Stival CC et al (2008) Triclabendazole resistance involving Fasciola hepatica in sheep and goats during an outbreak in Almirante Tamandare, Parana, Brazil. Rev Bras Parasitol Vet 17:S149-S153
148. Olaechea F, Lovera V, Larroza M et al (2011) Resistance of Fasciola hepatica against triclabendazole in cattle in Patagonia (Argentina). Vet Parasitol 178:364-366
149. Ortiz P, Scarcella S, Cerna C et al (2013) Resistance of Fasciola hepatica against triclabendazole in cattle in Cajamarca (Peru): A clinical trial and in vive efficacy test in sheep. Vet Parasitol 195:118-121
150. Fairweather I, Boray JC (1999) Fasciolicides: efficacy, action, resistance and its management. Vet J 158:81-112
151. Gaasenbeek CPH, Moll L, Cornelissen JBWJ et al (2001) An experimental study on triclabendazole resistance of Fasciola hepatica in sheep. Vet Parasitol 95:37-43
152. Fairweather I (2005) Triclabendazole: new skills to unravel an old(ish) enigma. J Helminthol 79:227-234
153. Fairweather I (2009) Triclabendazole progress report, 2005-2009: an advancement of learning? J Helminthol 83:139-150
154. Brennan GP, Fairweather I, Trudgett A et al (2007) Understanding triclabendazole resistance. Exp Mol Pathol 82:104-109
155. Rossignol JF, Abaza H, Friedman H (1998) Successful treatment of human fascioliasis with nitazoxanide. Trans Roy Soc Trop Med Hyg 92:103-104
156. Kabil SM, El Ashry E, Ashraf NK (2000) An open-label clinical study of nitazoxanide in the treatment of human fascioliasis. Curr Ther Res 61:339-345
157. Favennec L, Jave Ortiz J, Gargala G et al (2003) Double blind, randomized, placebocontrolled study of nitazoxanide in the treatment of fascioliasis in adults and children from northern Peru. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 17:265-270
158. Gargala G, Abboud P, Borsa-Lebas F et al (2005) Case report of successful treatment of triclabendazole resistant fascioliasis by nitazoxanide. Paper presented at the Medicine and Health in the Tropics (XVIth International Congress for Tropical Medicine and Malaria). Marseille, 11-15 Sept, 2005
159. Del Risco Barrios U, Vazquez Drake CT, Garcia Gonzalez G et al (2001) Evaluación de la excreción de huevos de Fasciola hepatica por tres esquemas terapéuticos. Rev Electr "Arch Méd Camagüey" 5:4
160. Winkelhagen AJS, Mank T, de Vries PJ et al (2012) Apparent triclabendazole-resistant human Fasciola hepatica infection, the Netherlands. Emerg Infect Dis 18:1028-1029
161. Botros SS, El-Lakkany NM, Badawy AA et al (2009) Mirazid shows insignificant activity against ovine fascioliasis. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 103:605-616
162. Hien TT, Truong NT, Minh NH et al (2008) A randomized controlled pilot study of artesunate versus triclabendazole for human fascioliasis in Central Vietnam. Am J Trop Med Hyg 78:388-392
163. Keiser J, Sayed H, El-Ghanam M et al (2011) Efficacy and safety of artemether in the treatment of chronic fascioliasis in Egypt: Exploratory phase-2 trials. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 5:e1285
164. Roberts JA, Suhardono (1996) Approaches to the control of fasciolosis in ruminants. Int J Parasitol 26:971-981
165. Torgerson P, Claxton J (1999) Epidemiology and control. In: Dalton JP (ed) Fasciolosis. CAB International, Wallingford
166. Spithill TW, Smooker PM, Copeman DB (1999) Fasciola gigantica: epidemiology, control, immunology and molecular biology. In: Dalton JP (ed) Fasciolosis. CAB International, Wallingford
167. World Health Organization (2008) Fact sheet on fascioliasis. In: Action against worms, World Health Organization, Headquarters Geneva Newsletter vol. 10, pp 1-8
168. Villegas F, Angles R, Barrientos R et al (2012) Administration of triclabendazole is safe and effective in controlling fascioliasis in an endemic community of the Bolivian Altiplano. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 6:e1720