Necrotizing enterocolitis: The mystery goes on

Neonatology

Volumn 106, Issue 4, 2014, Pages 289-295

  Neu, Josef ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Inflammation; Innate immunity; Microbiotica; Necrotizing enterocolitis; Preterm infants

Indexed keywords

ECOLOGY; HEMODYNAMICS; HUMAN; IMMATURITY; INFLAMMATION; META ANALYSIS (TOPIC); NECROTIZING ENTEROCOLITIS; NEWBORN INTENSIVE CARE; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; REVIEW; ANIMAL; CLASSIFICATION; DISEASE MODEL; DYSBIOSIS; ENTEROCOLITIS, NECROTIZING; HOST PATHOGEN INTERACTION; IMMUNOLOGY; INNATE IMMUNITY; INTESTINE; MICROBIOLOGY; MICROFLORA; NEWBORN; PREMATURITY; PROGNOSIS; RISK FACTOR;

ANIMALS; DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL; DYSBIOSIS; ENTEROCOLITIS, NECROTIZING; HOST-PATHOGEN INTERACTIONS; HUMANS; IMMUNITY, INNATE; INFANT, NEWBORN; INFANT, PREMATURE; INTESTINES; MICROBIOTA; PROGNOSIS; RISK FACTORS;

EID: 84906628519     PISSN: 16617800     EISSN: 16617819     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1159/000365130     Document Type: Review

References (74)

1. Holman RC, Stoll BJ, Curns AT, Yorita KL, Steiner CA, Schonberger LB: Necrotising enterocolitis hospitalisations among neonates in the United States. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2006;20:498-506.
2. Fitzgibbons SC, Ching Y, Yu D, Carpenter J, Kenny M, Weldon C, Lillehei C, Valim C, Horbar JD, Jaksic T: Mortality of necrotizing enterocolitis expressed by birth weight categories. J Pediatr Surg 2009;44:1072-1075.
3. Hintz SR, Kendrick DE, Stoll BJ, Vohr BR, Fanaroff AA, Donovan EF, Poole WK, Blakely ML, Wright L, Higgins R; NICHD Neonatal Research Network: Neurodevelopmental and growth outcomes of extremely low birth weight infants after necrotizing enterocolitis. Pediatrics 2005;115:696-703.
4. Martin CR, Dammann O, Allred E, Patel S, O'Shea TM, Kuban KC, Leviton A: Neurodevelopment of extremely preterm infants who had necrotizing enterocolitis with or without late bacteremia. J Pediatr 2010;157:751.e1-756.e1.
5. Bisquera JA, Cooper TR, Berseth CL: Impact of necrotizing enterocolitis on length of stay and hospital charges in very low birth weight infants. Pediatrics 2002;109:423-428.
6. Ahle M, Drott P, Andersson RE: Epidemiology and trends of necrotizing enterocolitis in Sweden: 1987-2009. Pediatrics 2013;132:e443-e451.
7. Bell MJ, Ternberg JL, Feigin RD, Keating JP, Marshall R, Barton L, Brotherton T: Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis: therapeutic decisions based upon clinical staging. Ann Surg 1978;187:1-6.
8. Feuille E, Nowak-Wegrzyn A: Definition, etiology, and diagnosis of food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2014;14:222-228.
9. Pitt J, Barlow B, Heird WC: Protection against experimental necrotizing enterocolitis by maternal milk. I. Role of milk leukocytes. Pediatr Res 1977;11:906-909.
10. Devillers N, Le Dividich J, Prunier A: Influence of colostrum intake on piglet survival and immunity. Animal 2011;5:1605-1612.
11. McElroy SJ, Underwood MA, Sherman MP: Paneth cells and necrotizing enterocolitis: a novel hypothesis for disease pathogenesis. Neonatology 2013;103:10-20.
12. Neu J, Walker WA: Necrotizing enterocolitis. N Engl J Med 2011;364:255-264.
13. Murgas Torrazza R, Neu J: The developing intestinal microbiome and its relationship to health and disease in the neonate. J Perinatol 2011;31:S29-S34.
14. Sharma R, Hudak ML: A clinical perspective of necrotizing enterocolitis: past, present, and future. Clin Perinatol 2013;40:27-51.
15. Sharma R, Young C, Neu J: Molecular modulation of intestinal epithelial barrier: contribution of microbiota. J Biomed Biotechnol 2010;2010:305879.
16. Lin PW, Stoll BJ: Necrotising enterocolitis. Lancet 2006;368:1271-1283.
17. Kasivajjula H, Maheshwari A: Pathophysiology and current management of necrotizing enterocolitis. Indian J Pediatr 2014;81:489-497.
18. Gordon PV, Swanson JR: Necrotizing enterocolitis is one disease with many origins and potential means of prevention. Pathophysiology 2014;21:13-19.
19. Torrazza RM, Li N, Neu J: Decoding the enigma of necrotizing enterocolitis in premature infants. Pathophysiology 2014;21:21-27.
20. Bhandari V, Bizzarro MJ, Shetty A, Zhong X, Page GP, Zhang H, Ment LR, Gruen JR; Neonatal Genetics Study Group: Familial and genetic susceptibility to major neonatal morbidities in preterm twins. Pediatrics 2006;117:1901-1906.
21. Treszl A, Heninger E, Kalman A, Schuler A, Tulassay T, Vasarhelyi B: Lower prevalence of IL-4 receptor alpha-chain gene G variant in very-low-birth-weight infants with necrotizing enterocolitis. J Pediatr Surg 2003;38:1374-1378.
22. Szebeni B, Szekeres R, Rusai K, Vannay A, Veres G, Treszl A, Arato A, Tulassay T, Vasarhelyi B: Genetic polymorphisms of CD14, toll-like receptor 4, and caspase-recruitment domain 15 are not associated with necrotizing enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2006;42:27-31.
23. Moonen RM, Paulussen AD, Souren NY, Kessels AG, Rubio-Gozalbo ME, Villamor E: Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase polymorphisms as a risk factor for necrotizing enterocolitis. Pediatr Res 2007;62:188-190.
24. Sampath V, Le M, Lane L, Patel AL, Cohen JD, Simpson PM, Garland JS, Hines RN: The NFKB1 (g.-24519delATTG) variant is associated with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in premature infants. J Surg Res 2011;169:e51-e57.
25. Hackam DJ, Afrazi A, Good M, Sodhi CP: Innate immune signaling in the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis. Clin Dev Immunol 2013;2013:475415.
26. Claud EC, Walker WA: Hypothesis: inappropriate colonization of the premature intestine can cause neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. Faseb J 2001;15:1398-1403.
27. Lin PW, Stoll BJ: Necrotising enterocolitis. Lancet 2006;368:1271-1283.
28. Mai V, Torrazza RM, Ukhanova M, Wang X, Sun Y, Li N, Shuster J, Sharma R, Hudak ML, Neu J: Distortions in development of intestinal microbiota associated with late onset sepsis in preterm infants. PLoS One 2013;8:e52876.
29. Wang Y, Hoenig JD, Malin KJ, Qamar S, Petrof EO, Sun J, Antonopoulos DA, Chang EB, Claud EC: 16S rRNA gene-based analysis of fecal microbiota from preterm infants with and without necrotizing enterocolitis. ISME J 2009;3:944-954.
30. Morrow AL, Lagomarcino AJ, Schibler KR, Taft DH, Yu Z, Wang B, Altaye M, Wagner M, Gevers D, Ward DV, Kennedy MA, Huttenhower C, Newburg DS: Early microbial and metabolomic signatures predict later onset of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants. Microbiome 2013;1:13.
31. Li Q, Wang C, Tang C, Li N, Li J: Molecularphylogenetic characterization of the microbiota in ulcerated and non-ulcerated regions in the patients with Crohn's disease. PLoS One 2012;7:e34939.
32. Clark RH, Bloom BT, Spitzer AR, Gerstmann DR: Reported medication use in the neonatal intensive care unit: data from a large national data set. Pediatrics 2006;117:1979-1987.
33. Miyasaka EA, Feng Y, Poroyko V, Falkowski NR, Erb-Downward J, Gillilland MG 3rd, Mason KL, Huffnagle GB, Teitelbaum DH: Total parenteral nutrition-associated lamina propria inflammation in mice is mediated by a MyD88-dependent mechanism. J Immunol 2013;190:6607-6615.
34. Demehri FR, Barrett M, Ralls MW, Miyasaka EA, Feng Y, Teitelbaum DH: Intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis and loss of barrier function in the setting of altered microbiota with enteral nutrient deprivation. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology 2013;3:105.
35. Stecher B: Finding a sugary foothold: how antibiotics pave the way for enteric pathogens. Cell Host Microbe 2013;14:225-227.
36. Ng KM, Ferreyra JA, Higginbottom SK, Lynch JB, Kashyap PC, Gopinath S, Naidu N, Choudhury B, Weimer BC, Monack DM: Microbiota-liberated host sugars facilitate postantibiotic expansion of enteric pathogens. Nature 2013;502:96-99.
37. Duncan SH, Louis P, Thomson JM, Flint HJ: The role of pH in determining the species composition of the human colonic microbiota. Environl Microbiol 2009;11:2112-2122.
38. Chung EY, Yardley J: Are there risks associated with empiric acid suppression treatment of infants and children suspected of having gastroesophageal reflux disease? Hosp Pediatr 2013;3:16-23.
39. Rogier EW, Frantz AL, Bruno ME, Wedlund L, Cohen DA, Stromberg AJ, Kaetzel CS: Secretory antibodies in breast milk promote longterm intestinal homeostasis by regulating the gut microbiota and host gene expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2014;111:3074-3079.
40. Neu J, Mihatsch WA, Zegarra J, Supapannachart S, Ding ZY, Murguia-Peniche T: Intestinal mucosal defense system. Part 1. Consensus recommendations for immunonutrients. J Pediatr 2013;162:S56-S63.
41. Hunt KM, Foster JA, Forney LJ, Schutte UM, Beck DL, Abdo Z, Fox LK, Williams JE, Mc-Guire MK, McGuire MA: Characterization of the diversity and temporal stability of bacterial communities in human milk. PLoS One 2011;6:e21313.
42. Ward TL, Hosid S, Ioshikhes I, Altosaar I: Human milk metagenome: a functional capacity analysis. BMC Microbiol 2013;13:116.
43. Jeurink PV, Van Bergenhenegouwen J, Jimenez E, Knippels LM, Fernandez L, Garssen J, Knol J, Rodriguez JM, Martin R: Human milk: a source of more life than we imagine. Benef Microbes 2013;4:17-30.
44. Kleinman RE, Walker WA: The enteromammary immune system: an important new concept in breast milk host defense. Dig Dis Sci 1979;24:876-882.
45. Riskin A, Almog M, Peri R, Halasz K, Srugo I, Kessel A: Changes in immunomodulatory constituents of human milk in response to active infection in the nursing infant. Pediatr Res 2012;71:220-225.
46. Neu J, Sullivan S: Baby and breast: a dynamic interaction. Pediatr Res 2012;71:135.
47. Dodd VL: Implications of kangaroo care for growth and development in preterm infants. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2005;34:218-232.
48. Neu J: The 'myth' of asphyxia and hypoxiaischemia as primary causes of necrotizing enterocolitis. Biol Neonate 2005;87:97-98.
49. Young CM, Kingma SD, Neu J: Ischemia-reperfusion and neonatal intestinal injury. J Pediatr 2011;158:e25-e28.
50. Cerbo RM, Maragliano R, Pozzi M, Strocchio L, Mostert M, Manzoni P, Stronati M: Global perfusion assessment and tissue oxygen saturation in preterm infants: where are we? Early Hum Dev 2013;89:S44-S46.
51. Hollingsworth CL, Rice HE: The Duke Abdominal Assessment Scale: initial experience. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010;4:569-574.
52. Rehan VK, Seshia MM, Johnston B, Reed M, Wilmot D, Cook V: Observer variability in interpretation of abdominal radiographs of infants with suspected necrotizing enterocolitis. Clin Pediatr 1999;38:637-643.
53. McBride WJ, Roy S, Brudnicki A, Stringel G: Correlation of complex ascites with intestinal gangrene and perforation in neonates with necrotizing enterocolitis. J Pediatr Surg 2010;45:887-889.
54. Thuijls G, Derikx JP, Van Wijck K, Zimmermann LJ, Degraeuwe PL, Mulder TL, Van Der Zee DC, Brouwers HA, Verhoeven BH, Van Heurn LW: Non-invasive markers for early diagnosis and determination of the severity of necrotizing enterocolitis. Ann Surg 2010;251:1174-1180.
55. Ng EW, Poon TC, Lam HS, Cheung HM, Ma TP, Chan KY, Wong RP, Leung KT, Lam MM, Li K: Gut-associated biomarkers L-FABP, I-FABP, and TFF3 and LIT score for diagnosis of surgical necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants. Ann Surg 2013;258:1111-1118.
56. Benkoe T, Reck C, Pones M, Weninger M, Gleiss A, Stift A, Rebhandl W: Interleukin-8 predicts 60-day mortality in premature infants with necrotizing enterocolitis. J Pediatr Surg 2014;49:385-389.
57. Young C, Sharma R, Handfield M, Mai V, Neu J: Biomarkers for infants at risk for necrotizing enterocolitis: clues to prevention? Pediatr Res 2009;65:91R-97R.
58. Menon G, Williams TC: Human milk for preterm infants: why, what, when and how? Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2013;98:F559-F562.
59. Arslanoglu S, Corpeleijn W, Moro G, Braegger C, Campoy C, Colomb V, Decsi T, Domellof M, Fewtrell M, Hojsak I: Donor Human Milk for Preterm Infants: Current Evidence and Research Directions. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2013;57:535-542.
60. Burton OM: The American Academy of Pediatrics and breastfeeding. Breastfeed Med 2012;7:334-336.
61. Ramani M, Ambalavanan N: Feeding practices and necrotizing enterocolitis. Clin Perinatol 2013;40:1-10.
62. Hay WW Jr: Strategies for feeding the preterm infant. Neonatology 2008;94:245-254.
63. Torrazza RM, Neu J: Evidence-Based Guidelines for Optimization of Nutrition for the Very Low Birthweight Infant. NeoReviews 2013;14:e340-e349.
64. Parker LA, Neu J, Torrazza RM, Li Y: Scientifically Based Strategies for Enteral Feeding in Premature Infants. NeoReviews 2013;14:e350-e359.
65. Gephart SM, Hanson CK: Preventing necrotizing enterocolitis with standardized feeding protocols: not only possible, but imperative. Adv Neonatal Care 2013;13:48-54.
66. Morgan JA, Young L, McGuire W: Pathogenesis and prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2011;24:183-189.
67. Neu J, Walker WA: Necrotizing enterocolitis. N Engl J Med 2011;364:255-264.
68. Deshpande G, Rao S, Patole S, Bulsara M: Updated Meta-analysis of Probiotics for Preventing Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Neonates. Pediatrics 2010;125:921-930.
69. Modi N: Probiotics and Necrotising Enterocolitis: the devil (as always) is in the detail. Commentary on N. Ofek Shlomai et al: Probiotics for preterm neonates: what will it take to change clinical practice? (Neonatology 2014;105:64-70). Neonatology 2014;105:71-73.
70. Neu J: Routine Probiotics for Premature Infants: Let's Be Careful! J Pediatr 2011;158:672-674.
71. Claud EC: First do no harm. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther 2012;17:298-301.
72. Martin CR: Probiotics for the prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis: not just which ones but also why? J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2013;57:3.
73. Kataria J, Li N, Wynn JL, Neu J: Probiotic microbes: do they need to be alive to be beneficial? Nutr Rev 2009;67:546-550.
74. Murgas Torrazza R, Li N, Young C, Kobeissy F, Chow M, Chen S, Mai V, Sharma R, Hudak M, Shuster J, Neu J: Pilot study using proteomics to identify predictive biomarkers of necrotizing enterocolitis from buccal swabs in very low birth weight infants. Neonatology 2013;104:234-242.