Billy graham and the rise of the republican south

Billy Graham and the Rise of the Republican South

Volumn , Issue , 2011, Pages 1-304

  Miller, Steven P ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 84906620137     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Book

References (592)

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4. New York Times, 26 June 2005 and 12 June 2005.
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6. Meacham, "Pilgrim's Progress, " Newsweek, 14 August 2006, 37-43.
7. Will D. Campbell and James Y. Holloway, "An Open Letter to Dr. Billy Graham, " Katallagete, Winter 1971.
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62. Charles W. Eagles, "The Closing of Mississippi Society: Will Campbell, The $64, 000 Question, and Religious Emphasis Week at the University of Mississippi, " Journal of Southern History 67, no. 2 (May 2001): 331.
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65. James T. Patterson, Grand Expectations: The United States, 1945-1974 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996), 327.
66. Martin E. Marty, The New Shape of American Religion. New York: Harper, 1959), 31-32.
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68. Darren Dochuk, "From Bible Belt to Sunbelt: Plain Folk Religion and Grassroots Politics in the Conservative Southwest, 1940-1980" (Ph.D. dissertation, Notre Dame University, 2005), 1-5.
69. James N. Gregory, The Southern Diaspora: How the Great Migrations of Black and White Southerners Transformed America (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2005), 224, 228-229.
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71. Donald E. Hoke, "Knowledge on Fire, " Christian Life, July 1949, 12.
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74. Paul M. Bechtel, Wheaton College: A Heritage Remembered, 1860-1984 (Wheaton, Ill.: H. Shaw, 1984), 18-30.
75. Curtis Mitchell, Billy Graham: The Making of a Crusader (Philadelphia: Chilton Books, 1966), 184, 188.
76. Earnest Albert Hooton, Up from the Ape (New York: Macmillan, 1931), 397, 501, 591-593;.
77. John C. Pollock, A Foreign Devil in China: The Story of Dr. L. Nelson Bell, An American Surgeon in China (Grand Rapids, Mich.: Zondervan, 1971).
78. David L. Chappell, A Stone of Hope: Prophetic Religion and the Death of Jim Crow (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2004), 117-121, 140-141.
79. Billy Graham, Kurt Singer, "A Southerner Changes His Mind, " Campus Life, August/September 1970, 54.
80. D. G. Hart, That Old-Time Religion in Modern America: Evangelical Protestantism in the Twentieth Century (Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 2002), 115-145;.
81. Joel A. Carpenter, Revive Us Again: The Reawakening of American Fundamentalism (New York: Oxford University Press, 1997), 141-232.
82. Mark Silk, "The Rise of the 'New Evangelicalism': Shock and Adjustment, " in William R. Hutchinson, ed., Between the Times: The Travail of the Protestant Establishment in America (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1989), 285.
83. Robert T. Handy, A Christian America: Protestant Hopes and Historical Realities, 2nd edition (New York: Oxford University Press, 1984), 159-184.
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85. "Billy Graham Speaks at BJU in Greenville, " Little Moby's News, March-April 1950.
86. Farley P. Butler, "Billy Graham and the End of Evangelical Unity" (Ph.D. dissertation, University of Florida, 1976), 62-63.
87. Barry Hankins: Uneasy in Babylon: Southern Baptist Conservatives and American Culture (Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2002), 20-21.
88. Bill J. Leonard, "A Theology for Racism: Southern Fundamentalists and the Civil Rights Movement, " in Southern Landscapes, ed. Tony Badger et al. (Tübingen, Germany: Stauffenburg Verlag, 1996), 165-181.
89. Mark Taylor Dalhouse, An Island in the Lake of Fire: Bob Jones University, Fundamentalism, and the Separatist Movement (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1996), 78-84, 155.
90. Jerry Berl Hopkins, "Billy Graham and the Race Problem, 1949-1969" (Ph.D. dissertation, University of Kentucky, 1986), 33.
91. Stephen J. Whitfield, The Culture of the Cold War, 2nd edition (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996), 77-82.
92. Silk, Spiritual Politics: Religion and America Since World War II (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1988), 66.
93. K. A. Courdileone, Manhood and American Political Culture in the Cold War (New York: Routledge, 2005), 82.
94. Charles W. Lowry, Communism and Christ (New York: Morehouse-Gorham, 1952), 37.
95. Eric J. Paddon, "Modern Mordecai: Billy Graham in the Political Arena, 1948-1980" (Ph.D. dissertation, Ohio University, 1999), 61.
96. William G. McLoughlin, Billy Graham: Revivalism in a Secular Age (New York: Ronald Press, 1960), 112.
97. Robert E. Herzstein, Henry R. Luce, Time, and the American Crusade in Asia (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005).
98. Lee Edwards, Missionary for Freedom: The Life and Times of Walter Judd (New York: Paragon House, 1990).
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102. Mark Newman, Getting Right with God: Southern Baptists and Desegregation, 1945-1995 (Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2001), 129-149;.
103. Alan Scott Willis, All According to God's Plan: Southern Baptist Missions and Race, 1945-1970 (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2005).
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105. Jeff Woods, Black Struggle, Red Scare: Segregation and Anti-Communism in the South, 1948-1968 (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2003), 1-11.
106. Chafe, Civilities and Civil Rights: Greensboro, North Carolina, and the Black Struggle for Freedom (New York: Oxford University Press, 1980), 57;.
107. Eagles, Jonathan Daniels and Race Relations: The Evolution of a Southern Liberal (Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1982), 235.
108. Arthur W. Hepner, "Sin and Salvation on the Sawdust Trail, " Everybody's Digest, July 1950, 26.
109. Bill Adler, ed., The Wit and Wisdom of Billy Graham (New York: Random House, 1967), 141.
110. "Sewanee Says No, Billy Graham Says Yes, " Christian Century, 13 August 1952, 934.
111. Donald Smith Armentrout, The Quest for the Informed Priest: A History of the School of Theology (Sewanee, Tenn.: School of Theology, University of the South, 1979), 279-312.
112. Harold H. Martin, Ralph McGill, Reporter (Boston: Little, Brown, 1973), 132-133.
113. Julia Anne McDonough, "Men and Women of Goodwill: A History of the Commission on Interracial Cooperation and the Southern Regional Council, 1919-1954" (Ph.D. dissertation, University of Virginia, 1994).
114. Online chronology of BGEA events, http://www.wheaton.edu/bgc/archives/ bgeachro/bgeachron02.htm (accessed 20 February 2006).
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116. John Pollock, Billy Graham: The Authorized Biography (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1966), 98;.
117. America's Hour of Decision (Wheaton, Ill.: Van Kampen Press, 1951), 57.
118. "The Whiskey Rebellion, " Time, 20 February 1950, 18.
119. Robert Sherill, Gothic Politics in the Deep South: Stars of the New Confederacy (New York: Grossman, 1968), 54.
120. Gerald S. Strober, Graham: A Day in Billy's Life (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1976), 55.
121. Strober, A Day in Billy's Life, 55;.
122. John Pollock, To All the Nations: The Billy Graham Story (San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1985), 105;.
123. Russ Busby, Billy Graham: God's Ambassador (Alexandria, Va.: Time-Life, Minneapolis: BGEA, and Del Mar, Calif.: Tehabi Books), 212;.
124. Billy Graham: God's Ambassador (Nashville, Tenn.: Gaither Films, 2006).
125. Graham, "Billy Graham Makes Plea for an End to Intolerance, " Life, 1 October 1956, 144.
126. Crusades: Twenty Years with Billy Graham (Minneapolis: World Wide Press, 1966), 107-108.
127. Marshall Frady, Billy Graham: A Parable of American Righteousness (Boston: Little, Brown, and Co., 1979), 408.
128. Nancy Gibbs and Michael Duffy, The Preacher and the Presidents: Billy Graham in the White House (New York: Center Street, 2007), 27.
129. Chattanooga Times and Chattanooga News-Free Press, March-April 1953.
130. Billy Graham and the Black Community (Minneapolis: World Wide Publications, 1973), 10.
131. Susan E. Tiffet and Alex S. Jones, The Trust: The Private and Powerful Family Behind The New York Times (Boston: Little, Brown, 1999), 275-276, 329, 407.
132. David Lockard, The Unheard Billy Graham (Waco, Tex.: Word Books, 1971), 121.
133. New Orleans Weekly, 9 October 1954.
134. Richmond Times-Dispatch, 30 November 1954.
135. Richmond Times-Dispatch, 19 May 1956 and 25 April 1956.
136. Paul Harvey, Freedom's Coming: Religious Culture and the Shaping of the South from the Civil War Through the Civil Rights Era (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2005), 192-193.
137. David Edwin Harrell Jr., "The South: Seedbed of Sectarianism, " in Varieties of Southern Evangelicalism, ed. Harrell (Macon, Ga.: Mercer University Press, 1981), 53.
138. Harrell, White Sects and Black Men in the Recent South (Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press, 1971), 100-106.
139. Paul Harvey, "God and Negroes and Jesus and Sin and Salvation: Racism, Racial Interchange, and Interracialism in Southern Religious History, " in Religion in the American South: Protestants and Others in History and Culture, ed. Donald G. Mathews and Beth Barton Schweiger (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2005), 291-307.
140. James B. Bennett, "Catholics, Creoles, and the Redefinition of Race in New Orleans, " in Race, Nation, and Religion in the Americas, ed. Henry Goldschmidt and Elizabeth McAlister (New York: Oxford University Press, 2004), 183-208.
141. David Loth and Harold Fleming, Integration North and South (New York: Fund for the Republic, 1956), 100-101, 106.
142. New Orleans Weekly, 9 October 1954.
143. David R. Goldfield, Black, White, and Southern: Race Relations and Southern Culture, 1940 to the Present (Baton Rouge: Louisiana University Press, 1990), 45-49.
144. Numan V. Bartley, The New South, 1945-1980: The Story of the South's Modernization (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1995), 175.
145. Joel L. Alvis Jr., Religion and Race: Southern Presbyterians, 1946-1983 (Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1994), 90.
146. Sam Hodges, "Political Party Man, " Mobile Press-Register, 20 December 2001, http://www.al.com/news/mobileregister/index.ssf?/specialreport/ mobileregister/boykin-07.html (accessed 24 August 2007).
147. Donald E. Hoke, "Knowledge on Fire, " Christian Life, July 1949, 9.
148. Noel Houston, "Billy Graham-Part II, " Holiday, March 1958, 114.
149. W. A. Criswell, Standing on the Promises: The Autobiography of W. A. Criswell (Waco, Tex.: Word, 1990), 186-188.
150. Edward B. Fiske, "The Closest Thing to a White House Chaplain, " New York Times Magazine, 8 June 1969, 113.
151. Carol Flake, Redemptorama: Culture, Politics, and the New Evangelicalism (Garden City, N.Y.: Anchor, 1984), 52, 126.
152. Dallas Daily Times Herald, 8 June 1953.
153. Michael Phillips, White Metropolis: Race, Ethnicity, and Religion in Dallas, 1841-2001 (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2006), 134.
154. Southern Baptist Historical Library and Archives (SBHLA), Christian Life Commission-Minutes, 1956, 1-13.
155. Billy Graham, "Billy Graham Makes Plea for an End to Intolerance, " Life, 1 October 1956, 138-151.
156. Andrew Finstuen, "Hearts of Darkness: American Protestants and the Doctrine of Original Sin, 1945-1965" (Ph.D. dissertation, Boston College, 2006), 255.
157. Stephen R. Haynes, Noah's Curse: The Biblical Justification of American Slavery (New York: Oxford University Press, 2002).
158. Nolan, Lee Considered: General Robert E. Lee and Civil War History (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1991), 207.
159. "A Round Table Has Debate on Christians' Moral Duty, " Life, 1 October 1956, 139-140, 143, 145, 146.
160. William Martin, A Prophet with Honor: The Billy Graham Story (New York: William Morrow, 1991), 221.
161. Jerry Berl Hopkins, "Billy Graham and the Race Problem, 1949-1969" (Ph.D. dissertation, University of Kentucky, 1986), 79;.
162. Graham, "Why Don't Our Churches Practice the Brotherhood They Preach?" Reader's Digest, August 1960, 53, 54;.
163. "No Solution to Race Problem 'At the Point of Bayonets, ' " U.S. News and World Report, 25 April 1960 (originally written for UPI), 94.
164. Lewis V. Baldwin, The Legacy of Martin Luther King, Jr.: The Boundaries of Law, Politics, and Religion (South Bend, Ind.: University of Notre Dame Press, 2002), 85.
165. Richard J. Carwardine, Evangelicals and Politics in Antebellum America (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1993), 1-49.
166. Grant Wacker, "Searching for Norman Rockwell: Popular Evangelicalism in Contemporary America, " in The Evangelical Tradition in America, ed. Leonard I. Sweet (Macon, Ga.: Mercer University Press, 1984), 295, 311-312.
167. Beth Barton Schweiger, The Gospel Working Up: Progress and the Pulpit in Nineteenth-Century Virginia (New York: Oxford University Press, 2000).
168. Robert T. Handy, A Christian America: Protestant Hopes and Historical Realities, 2nd ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1984), 159-184.
169. Phillip E. Hammond, The Protestant Presence in Twentieth-Century America (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1992), 27-54.
170. Charles E. Hambrick-Stowe, Charles G. Finney and the Spirit of American Evangelicalism (Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, 1996), 142, 173-174, 267.
171. James F. Findlay Jr., Dwight L. Moody: American Evangelist, 1837-1899 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1969), 274-284.
172. David O. Moberg, The Great Reversal: Evangelism Versus Social Concern (Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, 1972), 28-45.
173. Robert F. Martin, Hero of the Heartland: Billy Sunday and the Transformation of American Society, 1862-1935 (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2002), 101-119, 132-134.
174. Lyle W. Dorsett, Billy Sunday and the Redemption of Urban America (Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, 1991), 153.
175. David S. Gutterman, Prophetic Politics: Christian Social Movements and American Democracy (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 2005), 67.
176. Bruce Schulman, Lyndon Johnson and American Liberalism (Boston: Bedford St. Martin's, 1995), 83.
177. David Lockard, The Unheard Billy Graham (Waco, Tex.: Word Books, 1971).
178. Derek Chang, " 'Marked in Body, Mind, and Spirit': Home Missionaries and the Remaking of Race and Nation, " in Race, Nation, and Religion in the Americas, ed. Henry Goldschmidt and Elizabeth McAlister (New York: Oxford University Press, 2004), 135.
179. Graham, "A Christian America, " American Mercury, March 1955, 72.
180. Timo Pokki, America's Preacher and His Message: Billy Graham's View of Conversion and Sanctification (Lanham, Md.: University Press of America, 1999), 92, 135-143.
181. Carl F. H. Henry, Aspects of Christian Social Ethics (Grand Rapids, Mich.: Baker Book House, 1964), 16.
182. D. G. Hart, That Old-Time Religion in Modern America: Evangelical Protestantism in the Twentieth Century (Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 2002), 146.
183. Dennis P. Hollinger, Individualism and Social Ethics: An Evangelical Syncretism (Lanham, Md.: University Press of America, 1982), 40, 111-112.
184. Billy Graham, "God and the Nations, " Hour of Decision sermon pamphlet (Minneapolis: BGEA, 1964).
185. Anthony Lake Newberry, "Without Urgency or Ardor: The South's Middle-of the-Road Liberals and Civil Rights, 1945-1960" (Ph.D. dissertation, Ohio University, 1982), 16.
186. Calvin Trillin, "Remembrance of Moderates Past, " New Yorker, 21 March 1977, 86.
187. William H. Chafe, Civilities and Civil Rights: Greensboro, North Carolina, and the Black Struggle for Freedom (New York: Oxford University Press, 1980), 6-8.
188. Joseph Crespino, "Civilities and Civil Rights in Mississippi, " in Manners in Southern History, ed. Ted Ownby (Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2007), 114-136.
189. Newberry, "Without Urgency or Ardor, " 431.
190. Taylor Branch, Parting the Waters: America in the King Years, 1954-1963 (New York: Touchstone, 1988), 180.
191. Graham, Just as I Am: The Autobiography of Billy Graham (New York: Harper-Collins, 1997), 201.
192. "South's Churchmen: Integration and Religion, " Newsweek, 7 October 1957, 34.
193. Frye Gaillard, The Dream Long Deferred (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1988), 9-10.
194. Andrew H. Myers, Black, White, and Olive Drab: Racial Integration at Fort Jackson, South Carolina, and the Civil Rights Movement (Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2006), 152-153.
195. David L. Chappell, A Stone of Hope: Prophetic Religion and the Death of Jim Crow (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2004), 139-140.
196. James E. Towns, ed., The Social Conscience of W. A. Criswell (Dallas, Tex.: Crescendo, 1977), 226.
197. Numan V. Bartley, The New South, 1945-1980: The Story of the South's Modernization (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1995), 196, 223-230.
198. Drew Pearson, Diaries: 1949-1959 (New York: Holt, 1974), 487-488.
199. Ernest Q. Campbell and Thomas F. Pettigrew, Christians in Racial Crisis: A Study of Little Rock's Ministry (Washington, D.C.: Public Affairs Press, 1959), 55-56, 182.
200. Brooks Hays, Politics Is My Parish (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1981), 195.
201. Roy Reed, Faubus: The Life and Times of an American Prodigal (Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press, 1997), 190, 226-227.
202. Crisis in the South: The Little Rock Story: A Selection of Editorials from the Arkansas Gazette (Little Rock: Arkansas Gazette, 1959), 54.
203. Elizabeth Jacoway, "Taken by Surprise: Little Rock Business Leaders and Desegregation, " in Southern Businessmen and Desegregation, ed. Jacoway and David R. Colburn (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1982), 15-41.
204. David L. Chappell, Inside Agitators: White Southerners in the Civil Rights Movement (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994), 107-118.
205. "A Fifth Column of Decency, " Life, 30 September 1957.
206. "The Eagle and the Rock, " Life, 7 October 1957, 48.
207. Michael W. Flamm, Law and Order: Street Crime, Civil Unrest, and the Crisis of Liberalism in the 1960s (New York: Columbia University Press, 2005).
208. Noel Houston, "Billy Graham-Part II, " Holiday, March 1958, 114;.
209. "Nation Eyes Dixie Christians, " Christian Life, June 1956, 13.
210. Robert Sherill, Gothic Politics in the Deep South: Stars of the New Confederacy (New York: Grossman, 1968), 231.
211. Michael D. Hammond, "Conscience in Conflict: Neo-Evangelicals and Race in the 1950s" (M.A. thesis, Wheaton College, 2002), 48-83.
212. Towns, ed., The Social Conscience of W. A. Criswell, 162-171.
213. Samuel S. Hill, Southern Churches in Crisis Revisited (Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1999).
214. Paul Harvey, Freedom's Coming: Religious Culture and the Shaping of the South from the Civil War Through the Civil Rights Era (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2005), 229-245;.
215. "God and Negroes and Jesus and Sin and Salvation: Racism, Racial Interchange, and Interracialism in Southern Religious History, " in Religion in the American South: Protestants and Others in History and Culture, ed. Donald G. Mathews and Beth Barton Schweiger (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2004), 287, 285-291.
216. Jane Dailey, "Sex, Segregation, and the Sacred after Brown, " Journal of American History 91, no. 1 (June 2004): 120, 122; 119-144.
217. Bill J. Leonard, "A Theology for Racism: Southern Fundamentalists and the Civil Rights Movement, " in Southern Landscapes, ed. Tony Badger et al. (Tübingen, Germany: Stauffenburg Verlag, 1996), 165-181.
218. James Sellers, The South and Christian Ethics (New York: Association Press, 1962), 118-128.
219. Howard Thurman, Jesus and the Disinherited (Boston: Beacon Press, 1976 [1949]).
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247. Geoffrey Perret, Eisenhower (New York: Random House, 1999), 395-402.
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252. Earl and Merle Black, The Rise of Southern Republicans (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2002), 61, 207-209.
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261. Leonard Lurie, The Running of Richard Nixon (New York: Coward, McCann, Geoghegan, 1972), 222.
262. Charles Reagan Wilson, Judgment and Grace in Dixie: Southern Faiths from Faulkner to Elvis (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1995), 3-4;.
263. Jack Bass and Walter DeVries, The Transformation of Southern Politics: Social Change and Political Consequence Since 1945 (New York: Basic Books, 1976), 289.
264. Thomas J. Carty, A Catholic in the White House? Religion, Politics, and John F. Kennedy's Presidential Campaign (New York: Palgrave Mac-Millan, 2004), 44-45.
265. Carol V. R. George, God's Salesman: Norman Vincent Peale and the Power of Positive Thinking (New York: Oxford University Press, 1993), vii-x.
266. Walker Percy, The Last Gentleman (New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 1966), 203.
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268. Stephen Ambrose, Nixon: The Education of a Politician, 1913-1962 (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1987), 553.
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276. "No Solution to Race Problem 'At the Point of Bayonets, ' " U.S. News and World Report, 25 April 1960 (originally written for UPI), 94.
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309. John G. Turner, Bill Bright and Campus Crusade for Christ: The Renewal of Evangelicalism in Postwar America (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2008), 109-110.
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349. Los Angeles Times, 14 August 1970.
350. Richard M. Nixon, RN: The Memoirs of Richard Nixon (New York: Grosset and Dunlap, 1978), 292-293.
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352. Dan T. Carter, The Politics of Rage: George Wallace, the Origins of the New Conservatism and the Transformation of American Politics, 2nd edition (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2000).
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355. Harry S. Dent, The Prodigal South Returns to Power (New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1978), 269.
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358. Nadine Cohodas, Strom Thurmond and the Politics of Southern Change (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1993), 365;.
359. Dennis Wainstock, The Turning Point: The 1968 United States Presidential Campaign (Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland, 1988), 107.
360. Lewis Chester et al., An American Melodrama: The Presidential Campaign of 1968 (New York: Viking Press, 1969), 486.
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366. Earl and Merle Black, The Rise of Southern Republicans (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2002), 210.
367. Joe McGinniss, The Selling of the President 1968 (New York: Trident Press, 1969), 124, 238.
368. William Safire, Before the Fall: An Insider's View of the Pre-Watergate White House (New York: Doubleday, 1975), 55-56.
369. Hugh D. Graham and Numan V. Bartley, Southern Politics and the Second Reconstruction (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1975), 127.
370. Kenneth L. Woodward, "The Preaching and the Power, " Newsweek, 20 July 1970, 54.
371. Lyndon B. Johnson, The Vantage Point: Perspectives of the Presidency, 1963-1969 (New York: Holt, Rhinehart, and Winston, 1971), 555.
372. Robert Dallek, Flawed Giant: Lyndon Johnson and His Times, 1961-1973 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1998), 578-580.
373. Lowell S. Streiker and Gerald S. Strober, Religion and the New Majority: Billy Graham, Middle America, and the Politics of the 70s (New York: Association Press, 1972), 68.
374. Jane Schmerhorn, "On the Nixon Caravan, It's Bouquets for Pat, " Detroit News magazine [Fall 1968], 17-18.
375. Leonard Garment, Crazy Rhythm: My Journey from Brooklyn, Jazz, and Wall Street to Nixon's White House, Watergate and Beyond . . . (New York: Times Books, 1997), 134-136.
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380. Curt Smith, Long Time Gone: The Years of Turmoil Remembered (South Bend, Ind.: Icarus Press, 1982), 41.
381. Reinhold Niebuhr, "The King's Chapel and the King's Court, " Christianity and Crisis, 4 August 1969, 212.
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383. Brian Ward, Radio and the Struggle for Civil Rights in the South (Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2004), 222-234.
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385. Lassiter, "The Suburban Origins of 'Color-Blind' Conservatism: Middle-Class Consciousness in the Charlotte Busing Crisis, " Journal of Urban History 30 no. 4 (May 2004): 573.
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387. New York Times, 9 April 1971.
388. Dick Cavett Show, 5 May 1970, NARA, NPM, WHCA, VTR-3704.
389. Calvin Trillin, "Waiting for the Roses, " New Yorker, 16 January 1971, 85-89.
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391. Robert Mason, Richard Nixon and the Quest for a New Majority (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2004), 77.
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394. New York Times, 29 May 1970;.
395. Garry Wills, "How Nixon Used the Media, Billy Graham, and the Good Lord to Rap with Students at Tennessee U, " Esquire, September 1970, 119-122, 179-180.
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398. Mason, " 'I Was Going to Build a New Republican Majority and a New Majority': Richard Nixon as Party Leader, 1969-73, " Journal of American Studies 39, no. 3 (2005): 473.
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404. "Apostle to the Gentiles, " Newsweek, 9 November 1970, 53.
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411. Ernest B. Furgurson, Hard Right: The Rise of Jesse Helms (New York: Norton, 1986), 92-102.
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414. Los Angeles Times, 14 August 1970.
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416. John G. Turner, Bill Bright and Campus Crusade for Christ: The Renewal of Evangelicalism in Postwar America (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2008), 140-144.
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419. "Special Section: The South Today, " Time, 27 September 1976, 30, 45, 55, 38.
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428. C. Vann Woodward, Thinking Back: The Perils of Writing History (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University, 1986), 140.
429. Matthew D. Lassiter, The Silent Majority: Suburban Politics in the Sunbelt South (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2006), 11.
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440. Philip Roth, Our Gang (Starring Tricky and His Friends) (New York: Random House, 1971), 176-183.
441. Will D. Campbell and James Y. Holloway, "An Open Letter to Dr. Billy Graham, " Katallagete, Winter 1971.
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444. Paul Gaston, The New South Creed: A Study in Southern Mythmaking (New York: Knopf, 1970).
445. William Martin, A Prophet with Honor: The Billy Graham Story (New York: William Morrow, 1991), 372.
446. Paul E. Johnson, A Shopkeeper's Millennium: Society and Revivals in Rochester, New York, 1815-1837 (New York: Hill and Wang, 1978), 102, 110, 136-141.
447. James F. Findlay Jr., Dwight Moody, American Evangelist, 1837-1899 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1969);.
448. Robert F. Martin, Hero of the Heartland: Billy Sunday and the Transformation of American Society, 1862-1935 (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2002).
449. Robert T. Handy, A Christian America: Protestant Hopes and Historical Realities, 2nd edition (New York: Oxford University Press, 1984), 159-184.
450. Nathan O. Hatch, The Democratization of American Christianity (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989), 220-226.
451. Michael J. McClymond, "Issues and Explanations in the Study of North American Revivalism, " in Embodying the Spirit: New Perspectives on North American Revivalism, ed. McClymond (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2004), 24-27.
452. Hubert F. Lee, "Billy Graham Presented 'Man of the South' Award By Wm. H. Barnhardt in Charlotte as 105, 000 Watch, " Dixie Business, Summer 1975, 8.
453. Glenn T. Eskew, But for Birmingham: The Local and National Movements in the Civil Rights Struggle (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1997), 326.
454. J. Mills Thornton III, Dividing Lines: Municipal Politics and the Struggle for Civil Rights in Montgomery, Birmingham, and Selma (Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2002), 514.
455. Jimmie Lewis Franklin, Back to Birmingham: Richard Arrington, Jr., and His Times (Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1989), 60-91.
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459. Eskew, But for Birmingham, 325-340.
460. Frederick Allen, Atlanta Rising: The Invention of an International City, 1946-1996 (Atlanta: Longstreet Press, 1996), 69, 112-138.
461. Tom Wolfe, A Man in Full (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1998).
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463. Floyd Hunter, Community Power Structure: A Study of Decision Makers (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1953).
464. Charles Rutheiser, Imagineering Atlanta: The Politics of Place in the City of Dreams (London: Verso, 1996), 171.
465. Bill Schemmel, "Atlanta's 'Power Structure' Faces Life, " New South, Spring 1972, 62-68.
466. Edward E. Plowman, "Billy and the Blacks: Atlanta and Graham Revisited, " Christianity Today, 20 July 1973, 40.
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468. U.S. Newswire, 2 December 2002, http//:www.proquest.umi.com (accessed 23 January 2006).
469. Paul Luebke, Tarheel Politics 2000 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1998).
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471. John Perkins interview (transcript of BGCA, CN 367, T2), 19 June 1987, http://www.wheaton.edu/bgc/archives/trans/367t02.htm (accessed 6 March 2007).
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473. Wayne Greenshaw, Watch Out for George Wallace (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1976), 246.
474. Dan T. Carter, The Politics of Rage: George Wallace, the Origins of the New Conservatism and the Transformation of American Politics, 2nd edition (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2000), 462-463.
475. Steven P. Miller, "Whither Southern Liberalism in the Post-Civil Rights Era? The Southern Regional Council and Its Peers, 1965-1972, " Georgia Historical Quarterly 90, no. 4 (Winter 2006): 547-548.
476. Walker Percy, The Last Gentleman (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1966), 177.
477. Mathew D. Lassiter, "The Suburban Origins of 'Color-blind' Conservatism: Middle-Class Consciousness in the Charlotte Busing Crisis, " Journal of Urban History 30, no. 4 (May 2004): 549-582.
478. Jacquelyn Dowd Hall, "The Long Civil Rights Movement and the Political Uses of the Past, " Journal of American History 91, no. 4 (March 2005): 1237-1238.
479. Raymond Wolters, The Burden of Brown: Thirty Years of School Desegregation (Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1984).
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481. Michael K. Brown et al., Whitewashing Race: The Myth of a Color-Blind Society (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003), 1-33.
482. Billy Graham with Kurt Singer, "A Southerner Changes His Mind, " Campus Life, August/September 1970, 54.
483. "Born Again!" Newsweek, 25 October 1976, 68-78.
484. Richard Pierard, "Can Billy Graham Survive Richard Nixon?" Reformed Journal, April 1974, 7-13.
485. New York Times, 6 May 1973.
486. William Martin, A Prophet with Honor: The Billy Graham Story (New York: William Morrow, 1991), 425.
487. Susan Friend Harding, The Book of Jerry Falwell: Fundamentalist Language and Politics (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2000), 27-28.
488. Nancy Gibbs and Michael Duffy, The Preacher and the Presidents: Billy Graham in the White House (New York: Center Street, 2007), 191.
489. Stanley I. Kutler, The Wars of Watergate: The Last Crisis of Richard Nixon (New York: Knopf, 1990).
490. Keith W. Olson, Watergate: The Presidential Scandal That Shook America (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2003).
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492. Kutler, ed., Abuse of Power: The New Nixon Tapes (New York: Free Press, 1997), 353.
493. New York Times, 6 May 1973.
494. New York Times, 29 May 1974.
495. "Watergate, " Christianity Today, 4 January 1974, 14.
496. New York Times, 29 May 1974.
497. New York Times, 6 May 1973;.
498. Colson, Born Again (Old Tappan, N.J.: Chosen Books, 1976), 213.
499. Dennis P. Hollinger, Individualism and Social Ethics: An Evangelical Syncretism (Lanham, Md.: University Press of America, 1982), 109, 108.
500. Richard A. Viguerie, The New Right: We're Ready to Lead (Falls Church, Va.: Viguerie Company, 1981), 50-64.
501. Richard Quebedeaux, The Young Evangelicals: Revolution in Orthodoxy (New York: Harper and Row, 1974).
502. Arthur Schlesinger Jr., The Imperial Presidency (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1973).
503. Kirkpatrick Sale, Power Shift: The Rise of the Southern Rim and Its Challenge to the Eastern Establishment (New York: Random House, 1975), 288-293;.
504. Harry S. Dent, The Prodigal South Returns to Power (New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1978), 9.
505. Ed King, Gary Rossington, and Ronnie Van Zant, "Sweet Home Alabama, " Second Helping (MCA Records, 1974).
506. David Greenberg, Nixon's Shadow: The History of an Image (New York: Norton, 2003), 194.
507. Bruce Oudes, ed., From: The President: Richard Nixon's Secret Files (New York: Harper and Row, 1989), 609-610.
508. Richard Quebedeaux, The Worldly Evangelicals (New York: Harper and Row, 1979), 104.
509. Jeb Magruder, An American Life: One Man's Road to Watergate (New York: Atheneum, 1974), 318.
510. Wallace Henley, The White House Mystique (Old Tappan, N.J.: Fleming H. Revell, 1976), 38.
511. Harry S. Dent, Cover Up: The Watergate in All of Us (San Bernardino, Calif.: Here's Life, 1986), 44-45, 61.
512. Henley, White House Mystique, 35.
513. Leon Friedman and William F. Levantrosser, eds., Watergate and Afterward: The Legacy of Richard M. Nixon (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1992), 89.
514. Graham, Just as I Am: The Autobiography of Billy Graham (New York: Harper-Collins, 1997), 468.
515. Deborah Hart Strober and Gerald S. Strober, Billy Graham: An Oral and Narrative Biography (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2006), 93.
516. Eric J. Paddon, "Modern Mordecai: Billy Graham in the Political Arena, 1948-1980" (Ph.D. dissertation, Ohio University, 1999), 267.
517. Graham, Billy." Phone conversation in Gibbs and Duffy, Preacher and the Presidents, 250.
518. Daniel Kenneth Williams, "From the Pews to the Polls: The Formation of a Southern Christian Right" (Ph.D. dissertation, Brown University, 2005), 159-160, 166-168.
519. William G. McLoughlin, Billy Graham: Revivalist in a Secular Age (New York: Ronald Press, 1960), 93.
520. George W. Bush, A Charge to Keep (New York: William Morrow, 1999), 136.
521. Genevieve Stuttaford, "PW Interviews: Billy Graham, " Publishers Weekly, 20 June 1977, 10.
522. Clyde Wilcox, Onward Christian Soldiers? The Religious Right in American Politics, 3rd edition (Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 2006).
523. William Martin, With God on Our Side: The Rise of the Religious Right in America (New York: Broadway, 1996);.
524. Ruth Murray Brown, For a "Christian America": A History of the Religious Right (Amherst, N.Y.: Prometheus, 2002).
525. Strawberry Saroyan, "Christianity, the Brand, " New York Times Magazine, 16 April 2006, 48.
526. William Martin, A Prophet with Honor (New York: William Morrow, 1991), 472;.
527. Eric J. Paddon, "Modern Mordecai: Billy Graham in the Political Arena, 1948-1980" (Ph.D. dissertation, Ohio University, 1999), 279.
528. John Meacham, "God, the Bushes, and Billy Graham, " Newsweek online article, 11 April 2006, http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12271894/site/ newsweek (accessed 3 April 2007);.
529. Peter J. Boyer, "The Big Tent: Billy Graham, Franklin Graham, and the Transformation of American Evangelicalism, " New Yorker, 22 August 2005, 42-55.
530. Daniel Kenneth Williams, "From the Pews to the Polls: The Formation of a Southern Christian Right" (Ph.D. dissertation, Brown University, 2005), 74-85.
531. Billy Graham, "The Unfinished Dream, " Christianity Today, 31 July 1970, 20-21.
532. Toulouse, God in Public: Four Ways American Christianity and Public Life Relate (Louisville, Ky.: Westminster John Knox Press, 2006), 107-134.
533. Price Daniel, "God and the American Vision, " Christianity Today, 23 June 1958, 13;.
534. Dennis P. Hollinger, Individualism and Social Ethics: An Evangelical Syncretism (Lanham, Md.: University Press of America, 1983), 182.
535. Dan Murph, Texas Giant: The Life of Price Daniel (Austin, Tex.: Eakin Press, 2002), 170.
536. Williams, "From the Pews to the Polls, " 148-153.
537. Kenneth L. Woodward, "Politics from the Pulpit, " Newsweek, 6 September 1976, 50-51.
538. Jim Wallis and Wes Michaelson, "The Plan to Save America: A Disclosure of an Alarming Initiative by the Evangelical Far Right, " Sojourners, April 1976, 4-12.
539. Jerome L. Himmelstein, To the Right: The Transformation of American Conservatism (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990), 99.
540. Paul Harvey, Freedom's Coming: Religious Culture and the Shaping of the South from the Civil War Through the Civil Rights Era (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2005), 218-250.
541. Graham, "Jesus and the Liberated Woman, " Ladies' Home Journal, December 1970, 40-44, 115.
542. Scott Flipse, "Below-the-Belt Politics: Protestant Evangelicals, Abortion, and the Foundation of the New Religious Right, 1960-75, " in The Conservative Sixties, ed. David Farber and Jeff Roche (New York: Peter Lang, 2003), 127-141.
543. Nancy Gibbs and Michael Duffy, The Preacher and the Presidents: Billy Graham in the White House (New York: Center Street, 2007), 260-261.
544. John G. Turner, Bill Bright and Campus Crusade for Christ: The Renewal of Evangelicalism in Postwar America (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2008), 189.
545. Carol Flake, Redemptorama: Culture, Politics, and the New Evangelicalism (New York: Anchor, 1984), 210.
546. Martin, With God on Our Side, 214-218.
547. Wallis and Michaelson, "The Plan to Save America, " 4-12.
548. "Bright Future, " Christianity Today, 24 September 1976, 56.
549. Arthur H. Matthews, "Crusade for the White House: Skirmishes in a 'Holy War, ' " Christianity Today, 19 November 1976, 50.
550. Kenneth L. Woodward, "The Split-Up Evangelicals, " Newsweek, 26 April 1982.
551. Joel Carpenter, ed., The Early Billy Graham: Sermon and Revival Accounts (New York: Garland, 1988), 23.
552. Jerry Falwell, ed., The Fundamentalist Phenomenon: The Resurgence of Conservative Christianity (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1981), 219, 222-223.
553. Tim Minnery, "The Man Behind the Mask: Bandit or Crusader?" Christianity Today, 4 September 1981, 28.
554. Woodward, "The Split-Up Evangelicals, " 89, 91.
555. James Michael Beam, " 'I Can't Play God Anymore, ' " McCall's, January 1978, 154.
556. John F. Kennedy Jr., Forum, 20 April 1982, http://ksgaccman.harvard.edu/ iop/events-forum-video.asp?ID-770 (accessed 16 October 2006).
557. Frye Gaillard, "The Conversion of Billy Graham: How the Presidents' Preacher Learned to Start Worrying and Loathe the Bomb, " Progressive, August 1982, 26-30.
558. New York Times, 3 January 1985.
559. Richard Nixon, In the Arena: A Memoir of Victory, Defeat, and Renewal (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1990), 90-91;.
560. Graham, Just as I Am: The Autobiography of Billy Graham (New York: HarperCollins, 1997), 453.
561. George H. W. Bush, All the Best, George Bush: My Life in Letters and Other Writings (New York: Scribner, 1999), 320.
562. Washington Post, 7 December 1980.
563. George Harsch IV, " 'Puff Graham': American Media, American Culture and the Creation of Billy Graham, 1949-1953" (Ph.D. dissertation, University of Southern Mississippi, 2005), 34.
564. Richard V. Pierard and Robert D. Linder, Civil Religion and the Presidency (Grand Rapids, Mich.: Zondervan, 1988), 271.
565. Helene Von Damm, Sincerely, Ronald Reagan (New York: Berkley, 1980 [1976]), 89.
566. Washington Post, 29 January 1981.
567. Graham, Just As I Am, 529-530.
568. Deborah Hart Strober and Gerald S. Strober, Billy Graham: An Oral and Narrative Biography (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2006), 99.
569. Alexander M. Haig Jr., Caveat: Realism, Reagan, and Foreign Policy (New York: Macmillan, 1984), 69.
570. James T. Patterson, Restless Giant: The United States from Watergate to Bush v. Gore (New York: Oxford, 2005), 215.
571. Paul Kengor, God and Ronald Reagan: A Spiritual Life (New York: HarperCollins, 2004), 291-292.
572. George Bush with Doug Wead, Man of Integrity (Eugene, Ore.: Harvest House, 1988), 44-45.
573. Kim A. Lawson, "Republicans or Reaganites?" Christianity Today, 16 September 1988, 38-39.
574. Jim McGrath, ed., Heartbeat: George Bush in His Own Words (New York: Scribner, 2001), 134-135.
575. Gibbs and Duffy, Preacher and the Presidents, 311-313.
576. Bill Minutaglio, First Son: George W. Bush and the Bush Family Dynasty (New York: Times Books, 1999), 220.
577. George W. Bush, A Charge to Keep, 136.
578. Molly Ivins and Lou Dubose, Shrub: The Short but Happy Political Life of George W. Bush (New York: Vintage, 2000), 58-59.
579. American Dynasty: Aristocracy, Fortune, and the Politics of Deceit in the House of Bush (New York: Viking, 2004), 88.
580. Fred Barnes, "The Gospel According to Billy Graham, " Weekly Standard, 22 March 1999.
581. Marvin N. Olasky, Compassionate Conservatism: What It Is, What It Does, and How It Can Transform America (New York: Free Press, 2000).
582. Elizabeth Mitchell, W: Revenge of the Bush Dynasty (New York: Hyperion, 2000), 331.
583. New York Times, 21 February 2000.
584. New York Times, 23 January 2000.
585. "Statement by the Rev. Billy Graham Supporting George W. Bush, " 6 November 2000, http://www.cnsnews.com/Politics/Archive/200011/ POL20001106c.html(accessed 7 July 2008).
586. Paul Kengor, God and George W. Bush: A Spiritual Life (New York: Regan Books, 2004), 78-79.
587. "Billy Graham's Message, National Day of Prayer and Remembrance, National Cathedral, Washington, D. C., Friday, September 14, 2001, " http://www.cathedral.org/cathedral/worship/bg010914.html(accessed 25 September 2006).
588. New York Times, 30 June 2008.
589. New York Times, 20 November 2001;.
590. Chicago Sun-Times, 26 August 2005.
591. Washington Post, 15 June 2007 (all accessed in Lexis-Nexis database, 25 July 2007).
592. New York Times, 10 November 2007.