The taming of the idea of civil society

Civil Society in Democratization

Volumn , Issue , 2004, Pages 43-122

  Baker, Gideon ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84906523012     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9780203493786     Document Type: Chapter

References (74)

1. For some of the many studies of opposition discourses on civil society see Andrew Arato, 'Civil Society Against the State: Poland 1980-81', Telos, No.47 (1981), pp. 23-47;
2. John Keane (ed.), Civil Society and the State: New European Perspectives (London: Verso, 1988);
3. Gideon Baker, 'The Changing Idea of Civil Society: Models from the Polish Democratic Opposition', Journal of Political Ideologies, Vol.3, No. 2 (1998), pp.125-47.
4. Leszek Nowak, Power and Civil Society: Towards a Dynamic Theory of Real Socialism (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1991), p.29.
5. A.Szakolczai and A.Horvath, 'The Discourse of Civil Society and the Self-Elimination of the Party', in P.G.Lewis (ed.), Democracy and Civil Society in Eastern Europe (London: Macmillan, 1992), p.16.
6. P.G.Lewis, 'Democracy and its Future in Eastern Europe', in David Held (ed.), Prospects for Democracy (Cambridge: Polity, 1993), p.300.
7. Frentzel-Zagorska, 'Patterns of Transition from a One-Party State to Democracy in Poland and Hungary', in Robert. F.Miller (ed.), The Development of Cvil Society in Communist Systems (Sydney: Allen and Unwin, 1992), pp.40-41.
8. R.Battek, 'Spiritual Values, Independent Initiatives and Politics', in Vaclav Havel et al., The Power of the Powerless: Citizens Against the State in Central-Eastern Europe (London: Hutchinson, 1985), p.108: emphasis added. (The essays in this book are drawn from a collection written by signatories of Charter 77-with Havel's The Power of the Powerless' forming the centre piece-which were published in 1979, in samizdat, under the title On Freedom and Power.) See Z.A.Pelczynski, 'Solidarity and the Rebirth of Civil Society', in Keane (ed.), op. cit., p.375;
9. Adam Michnik, Letters From Prison and other essays (London: UCLA Press, 1985), p. 148;
10. J.Hajek, The Human Rights Movement and Social Progress', in Havel, The Power of the Powerless, p.138;
11. L.Hejdanek, 'Prospects for Democracy and Socialism in Eastern Europe', in Havel, The Power of the Powerless, p.144.
12. Robert F.Miller, 'Civil Society in Communist Systems: An Introduction', in Miller (ed.), The Development of Cvil Society, p.8.
13. G.Skapska, 'Learning to be a Citizen: Cognitive and Ethical Aspects of Post-Communist Society Transformation', Democratization, Vol.4, No.1 (1997), p.158.
14. M.Bernhard, 'Civil Society and Democratic Transition in East Central Europe', Political Science Quarterly, Vol.108, No.2 (1993), p.307.
15. Havel, The Power of the Powerless, p.93.
16. G.Konrad, Antipolitics (London: Quartet, 1984), p.137.
17. Michnik, Letters from Prison, p.124;
18. cf. Arato, 'Civil Society Against the State', p. 46;
19. J. Kuron, 'Not to Lure the Wolves out of the Woods: An Interview with Jacek Kuron', Telos, No.47 (1981), pp.96-7;Battek, op. cit., p.108;
20. Hegadus, 'Interview with Hungarian philosopher Hegedus', Telos, No.47 (1981), p.144.
21. R.Dahrendorf, Reflections on the Revolution in Eastern Europe (London: Chatto & Windus, 1990), p.93.
22. R.Dahrendorf, 'Roads to Freedom: Democratization and its Problems in East Central Europe', in P.Volten (ed.), Uncertain Futures: Eastern Europe and Democracy (New York: Institute for East-West Security Studies, 1990), p.15.
23. A.Bozoki and M.Sukosd, 'Civil Society and Populism in the Eastern European Transitions', in Praxis International, Vol.13, No.3 (1993), p.228.
24. Lewis, Democracy and its Future, pp.301-2.
25. J.Habermas, Three Normative Models of Democracy', Constellations, Vol.1, No.1 (1994), p.9.
26. See V.Havel, 'Anti-Political Politics', in Keane, p.397; Bernhard, op. cit., p.319; Konrad, Antipolitics, p.140.
27. J.L.Curry, 'A Reconsideration of the Realities of "Civil Society" in the Light of Postcommunist Society', in Bibic and Graziano, op. cit., p.247.
28. P.Sztompka, 'The Intangibles and Imponderables of the Transition to Democracy', Studies in Comparative Communism, Vol.XXIV, No.3, (1991), pp.295-311.
29. E.Tarkowska and J.Tarkowski, 'Social Disintegration in Poland: Civil Society or Amoral Familism?', Telos, No.89 (1991).
30. C.Tempest, 'Myths from Eastern Europe and the Legend of the West', Democratization, Vol.4, No.1 (1997), p.137; referring to C.Hann, 'Philosophers' Models on the Carpathian Lowlands', in J.A.Hall (ed.), Civil Society: History, Theory, Comparison (Cambridge: Polity, 1995).
31. See Havel, Anti-Political Politics, p.397; and Hegadus, op. cit., p.144.
32. Lewis, Democracy and its Future, pp.302-3.
33. See Arato, 'Civil Society and the State', p.46;
34. J.Kuron, 'Interview with Helen Luczywo', in J.Rupnik, Totalitarianism Revisited', in Keane, p.285;
35. Havel, The Power of the Powerless, p.94;
36. A.Smolar, 'From Opposition to Atomization', Journal of Democracy, Vol.7, No.1. (1996), p.37.
37. W.Narojek, The Making of Democratic Order and Market Economy: Social Engineering for Democratic Transformation', Polish Sociological Review, No.105, (1994), p.15.
38. W.Morawski, 'Economic Change and Civil Society in Poland', in Lewis, Democracy and Civil Society, p.110.
39. A.Korbonski, 'Civil Society and Democracy in Poland: Problems and Prospects', in Bibic and Graziano, op. cit., p.222.
40. A.Bibic, 'Democracy and Civil Society', in Bibic and Graziano, op. cit., p.45, with reference to G.O'Donnell and P.Schmitter, Transitions from Authoritarian Rule:Tentative Conclusions about Uncertain Democracies (London: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986).
41. See Michnik, Letters from Prison, p.105;
42. Arato, 'Civil Society Against the State', op. cit., p.31.
43. Lewis, Democracy and its Future, p.302.
44. Arato, 'The Rise, Decline and Reconstruction of the Concept of Civil Society', p.15.
45. K.L.Remmer, 'New Wine or Old Bottlenecks?', Comparative Politics, Vol.23, No. 1 (1991), p.479.
46. S.Lipset, Political Man: The Social Basis of Conflict (New York: Doubleday, 1959).
47. A.Almond and S.Verba, The Civic Culture: Political Attitudes and Democracy in Five Nations (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1963).
48. S.Huntington, Political Order in Changing Societies (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1968).
49. T.Dos Santos, 'La Viabilidad de Capitalismo Dependiente y la Democracia', America Latina: Estudios y Perspectivas, Vol.1 (1979). Source: Remmer, op. cit., p.479.
50. A.Stepan, 'Introduction', in A.Stepan (ed.), Democratizing Brazil (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989), p.vii.
51. G.O'Donnell, 'Transitions to Democracy: Some Navigation Instruments', in R.A.Pastor (ed.), Democracy in the Americas: Stopping the Pendulum (London:Holmes & Meier, 1989), p.67.
52. J.Linz and A.Stepan, 'Political Crafting of Democratic Consolidation or Destruction:European and South American Comparisons', in Pastor, op. cit., p.51.
53. P.Oxhorn, 'Where Did All the Protesters Go?: Popular Mobilization and the Transition to Democracy in Chile', Latin American Perspectives, Vol.21, No.3 (1994), p.50.
54. O'Donnell, Transitions to Democracy, p.72.
55. F.Hagopian, 'After Regime Change', World Politics, Vol.45, No.3 (1993), p.480.
56. J.Pearce, 'Civil Society, the Market and Democracy in Latin America', Democratization, Vol.4, No.2 (1997), p.60.
57. O'Donnell and Schmitter, Tentative Conclusions about Uncertain Democracies, p. 51.
58. A.Przeworski, 'Some Problems in the Study of the Transition to Democracy', in O'Donnell, Schmitter and Whitehead (eds.), Transitions from Authoritarian Rule:Comparative Perspectives (London: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986), p.50.
59. O'Donnell and Schmitter, Tentative Conclusions about Uncertain Democracies, pp. 47-9.
60. D.Rueschemeyer, E.H.Stephens and J.D.Stephens, Capitalist Development and Democracy (Cambridge: Polity, 1992), p.33.
61. L.Diamond and J.Linz, 'Introduction: Politics, Society, and Democratization in Latin America', in L.Diamond, J.J.Linz and S.M.Lipset (eds.), Democracy in Developing Countries Volume Four: Latin America (London: Lynne Rienner, 1989), p.35.
62. E.Jelin, 'Building Citizenship: A Balance Between Solidarity and Responsibility', in J.S. Tulchin (ed.), The Consolidation of Democracy in Latin America (London:Lynne Rienner, 1995), p.92.
63. J.Valenzuela, 'Consolidation in Post-Transitional Settings', in Mainwaring, O'Donnell and Valenzuela (eds.), Issues in Democratic Consolidation: The New South American Democracies in Comparative Perspective (Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press, 1992), p.86.
64. P.C.Schmitter, 'Transitology: The Science or the Art of Democratization', in Tulchin, op. cit., p.24.
65. R.A.Dahl, Democracy and its Critics (London: Yale University Press, 1989), pp. 220-22.
66. L.Whitehead, The Consolidation of Fragile Democracies', in Pastor, op. cit., p.77.
67. S.Huntington, 'The Modest Meaning of Democracy', in Pastor, op. cit., p.15.
68. B.Lamounier, 'Brazil: Inequality Against Democracy', in Diamond, Linz and Lipset, op. cit., p.150.
69. Mainwaring, 'Transitions to Democracy and Democratic Consolidation', op. cit., p. 313.
70. D.H.Levine, 'Venezuela: The Nature, Sources, and Future Prospects of Democracy', in Diamond, Linz and Lipset, op. cit., p.280.
71. A.Przeworski, 'The Games of Transition', in Mainwaring, O'Donnell and Valenzuela, op. cit., p.107.
72. E.Huber, 'Assessments of State Strength', in P.H.Smith (ed.), Latin America in Comparative Perspective (Oxford: Westview Press, 1995), p.172.
73. F.Fukuyama, The End of History?', The National Interest, Summer (1989).
74. R.Blaug, 'The Tyranny of the Visible: Problems in the Evaluation of Anti-Institutional Radicalism', unpublished paper presented to the University of Leeds Politics Department, Sept. 1998, p.4.