Disturbances, Their Interactions, and Cumulative Effects on Carbon and Charcoal Stocks in a Forested Ecosystem

Ecosystems

Volumn 17, Issue 6, 2014, Pages 947-959

  Buma, Brian ^a   Poore, Rebecca E ^b   Wessman, Carol A ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA SOUTHEAST   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

Author keywords

black carbon stocks; carbon sequestration; charcoal; compound disturbance interactions; multiple perturbations; resilience

Indexed keywords

CARBON BALANCE; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; CHARCOAL; ENVIRONMENTAL DISTURBANCE; FOREST ECOSYSTEM; FOREST FIRE; REGENERATION; SOIL CARBON; SUBALPINE ENVIRONMENT;

COLORADO; UNITED STATES;

EID: 84906081805     PISSN: 14329840     EISSN: 14350629     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10021-014-9770-8     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. Baker W. 2009. Fire ecology in Rocky Mountain landscapes. Washington, DC: Island Press.
2. Baker W, Flaherty P, Lindemann JD, Veblen TT, Eisenhart KS, Kulakowski D. 2002. Effect of vegetation on the impact of a severe blowdown in the southern Rocky Mountains, USA. For Ecol Manag 168: 63-75.
3. Bradford JB, Fraver S, Milo AM, D'Amato AW, Palik B, Shinneman DJ. 2012. Effects of multiple interacting disturbances and salvage logging on forest carbon stocks. For Ecol Manag 267: 209-14.
4. Brown JK. 1974. Handbook for inventorying downed woody material. USDA Forest Service GTR INT-16. Ogden: USDA Forest Service.
5. Brown JK. 1978. Weight and density of crowns of Rocky Mountain conifers. USDA Forest Service Res. Paper INT-197. Ogden: USDA Forest Service.
6. Brown CD, Johnstone JF. 2011. How does increased fire frequency affect carbon loss from fire? A case study in the northern boreal forest. Int J Wildland Fire 20(7): 829-37.
7. Brown CD, Johnstone JF. 2012. Once burned, twice shy: repeat fires reduce seed availability and alter substrate constraints on Picea mariana regeneration. For Ecol Manag 266: 34-41.
8. Buma B, Wessman CA. 2011. Disturbance interactions can impact resilience mechanisms of forests. Ecosphere 2(5): Art64.
9. Buma B, Wessman CA. 2012. Differential species responses to compounded perturbations and implications for landscape heterogeneity and resilience. For Ecol Manag 266: 25-33.
10. Buma B, Wessman CA. 2013. Forest resilience, climate change, and opportunities for adaptation: A specific case of a general problem. For Ecol Manag 306: 216-25.
11. Buma B, Brown C, Donato D, Fontaine J, Johnstone J. 2013. The impacts of changing disturbance regimes on serotinous plant populations and communities. BioScience 63(11): 866-76.
12. Chapin FSIII, Woodwell GM, Randerson JT, Rastetter EB, Lovett GM, Baldocchi DD, Clark DA, Harmon ME, Schimel DS, Valentini R et al. 2006. Reconciling carbon-cycle concepts, terminology, and methods. Ecosystems 9: 1041-50.
13. Clark JS, Lynch J, Stocks BJ, Goldammer JG. 1998. Relationships between charcoal particles in air and sediments in west-central Siberia. Holocene 8(1): 19-29.
14. Czimczik CI, Masiello CA. 2007. Controls on black carbon storage in soils. Glob Biogeochem Cycles 21(3): 1-8.
15. D'Amato AW, Fraver S, Palik BJ, Bradford JB, Patty L. 2011. Singular and interactive effects of blowdown, salvage logging, and wildfire in sub-boreal pine systems. For Ecol Manag 262(11): 2070-8.
16. Dale VH, Joyce LA, Mcnulty S, Neilson RP, Ayres MP, Flannigan MD, Hanson PJ, Irland LC, Lugo AE, Peterson CJ et al. 2001. Climate change and forest disturbances. BioScience 51(9): 723-34.
17. DeLuca TH, Aplet GH. 2008. Charcoal and carbon storage in forest soils of the Rocky Mountain West. Front Ecol Environ 6(1): 18-24.
18. Donato DC, Campbell JL, Fontaine JB, Law BE. 2009. Quantifying char in postfire woody detritus inventories. Fire Ecol 5(2): 104-15.
19. Fechner GH, Barrows JS. 1976. Aspen stands as wildfire fuel breaks. Aspen Bibliography. Paper 5029. Gaithersburg: Aspen.
20. Forbes MS, Raison RJ, Skjemstad JO. 2006. Formation, transformation and transport of black carbon (charcoal) in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Sci Total Environ 370(1): 190-206.
21. Hammes K, Schmidt MWI, Smernik RJ, Currie LA, Ball WP, Nguyen TH, Louchouarn P, Houel S, Gustafsson Ö, Elmquist M et al. 2007. Comparison of quantification methods to measure fire-derived (black/elemental) carbon in soils and sediments using reference materials from soil, water, sediment and the atmosphere. Glob Biogeochem Cycles 21(3): 1-18.
22. Hammes K, Smernik RJ, Skjemstad JO, Schmidt MWI. 2008. Characterisation and evaluation of reference materials for black carbon analysis using elemental composition, colour, BET surface area and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Appl Geochem 23(8): 2113-22.
23. Harden JW, Trumbore SE, Stocks BJ, Hirsch A, Gower ST, O'Neill KP, Kasischke ES. 2000. The role of fire in the boreal carbon budget. Glob Change Biol 6: 174-84.
24. Harmon ME, Sexton J. 1996. Guidelines for measurements of woody detritus in forest ecosystems. United States Long Term Ecological Research Network Office Publication no. 20. Seattle: University of Washington.
25. Holden ZA, Morgan P, Crimmins MA, Steinhorst RK, Smith AMS. 2007. Fire season precipitation variability influences fire extent and severity in a large southwestern wilderness area, United States. Geophys Res Lett 34(16): 1-5.
26. Holm S. 1979. A simple sequentially rejective multiple test procedure. Scand J Stat 6(2): 65-70.
27. Hu J, Moore DJP, Burns SP, Monson RK. 2010. Longer growing seasons lead to less carbon sequestration by a subalpine forest. Glob Change Biol 16(2): 771-83.
28. Jenkins JC, Chojnacky DC, Heath LS, Birdsey RA. 2003. National-scale biomass estimators for United States tree species. For Sci 49(1): 12-35.
29. Kane ES, Hockaday WC, Turetsky MR, Masiello CA, Valentine DW, Finney BP, Baldock JA. 2010. Topographic controls on black carbon accumulation in Alaskan black spruce forest soils: implications for organic matter dynamics. Biogeochemistry 100(1-3): 39-56.
30. Kashian DM, Romme WH, Tinker DB, Turner MG, Ryan MG. 2006. Carbon storage on landscapes with stand-replacing fires. BioScience 56(7): 598-606.
31. Kashian DM, Romme WH, Tinker DB, Turner MG, Ryan MG. 2013. Postfire changes in forest carbon storage over a 300-year chronosequence of Pinus contorta-dominated forests. Ecol Monogr 83(1): 49-66.
32. Kozak A, Munro D, Smith J. 1969. Taper functions and their application in forest inventory. For Chron 45: 278-84.
33. Kulakowski D, Veblen TT. 2007. Effect of prior disturbances on the extent and severity of wildfire in Colorado subalpine forests. Ecology 88(3): 759-69.
34. Kurth VJ, MacKenzie MD, DeLuca TH. 2006. Estimating charcoal content in forest mineral soils. Geoderma 137(1-2): 135-9.
35. 14C labeling. Soil Biol Biochem 41: 210-19.
36. Lal R. 2005. Forest soils and carbon sequestration. For Ecol Manag 220: 242-58.
37. Lehmann J, Gaunt J, Rondon M. 2006. Bio-char sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems-a review. Mitig Adapt Strateg Glob Change 11(2): 395-419.
38. Licata C, Sanford R. 2012. Charcoal and total carbon in soils from foothill shrublands to subalpine forests in the Colorado Front Range. Forests 3(4): 944-58.
39. Lynch JA, Clark JS, Stocks BJ. 2004. Charcoal production, dispersal, and deposition from the Fort Providence experimental fire: interpreting fire regimes from charcoal records in boreal forests. Can J For Res 34: 1642-56.
40. Moritz MA, Parisien M-A, Batllori E, Krawchuk MA, van Dorn J, Ganz DJ, Hayhoe K. 2012. Climate change and disruptions to global fire activity. Ecosphere 3(6): Art49.
41. Morliengo-Bredlau K. 2009. The effects of logging, fire, and blowdown on Colorado subalpine forest soil. Masters thesis. University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA.
42. Paine RT, Tegner MJ, Johnson EA. 1998. Compounded perturbations yield ecological surprises. Ecosystems 1(6): 535-45.
43. Parker KR, Wiens JA. 2005. Assessing recovery following environmental accidents: Environmental variation, ecological assumptions, and strategies. Ecol Appl 5(6): 1069-2051.
44. Pingree MRA, Homann PS, Morrissette B, Darbyshire R. 2012. Long and short-term effects of fire on soil charcoal of a conifer forest in Southwest Oregon. Forests 3(2): 353-69.
45. R Development Core Team. 2011. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. http://www. R-project. org/. Accessed June 2013.
46. Rebain SA. 2010. The fire and fuels extension to the forest vegetation simulator: updated model documentation. Fort Collins: USDA Forest Service, Forest Management Service Center.
47. Robinson AP, Wykoff WR. 2004. Imputing missing height measures using a mixed-effects modeling strategy. Can J For Res 34: 2492-500.
48. Rumbaitis-del Rio, CM. 2004. Compound disturbance in a managed landscape: Ecological effects of catastrophic blowdown, salvage logging, and wildfire in a subalpine forest. PhD dissertation. University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA.
49. Rumbaitis-del Rio CM. 2006. Changes in understory composition following catastrophic windthrow and salvage logging in a subalpine forest ecosystem. Can J For Res 36(11): 2943-54.
50. Running S. 2008. Ecosystem disturbance, carbon, and climate. Science 321: 652-3.
51. Schmidt MWI, Noack AG. 2000. Black carbon in soils and sediments: Analysis, distribution, implications, and current challenges. Glob Biogeochem Cycles 14(3): 777-93.
52. Schultz MG, Heil A, Hoelzemann JJ, Spessa A, Thonicke K, Goldammer JG, Held AC, Pereira JMC, van het Bolscher M. 2008. Global wildland fire emissions from 1960 to 2000. Glob Biogeochem Cycles 22(2): 1-17.
53. Singh BP, Cowie AL, Smernik RJ. 2012a. Biochar carbon stability in a clayey soil as a function of feedstock and pyrolysis temperature. Environ Sci Technol 46: 11770-8.
54. Singh N, Abiven S, Torn MS, Schmidt MWI. 2012b. Fire-derived organic carbon in soil turns over on a centennial scale. Biogeosciences 9: 2847-57.
55. Snyder GL, Patten LL, Daniels JJ. 1987. Mineral resources of the Mount Zirkel Wilderness and northern Park Range vicinity, Jackson and Routt counties, Colorado. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office.
56. USDA Forest Service. 1999. Final environmental impact statement, North Fork Salvage analysis. Steamboat Springs: USDA Forest Service, Hahn's Peak/Rabbits Ears Ranger District.
57. van Mantgem PJ, Stephenson NL, Byrne JC, Daniels LD, Franklin JF, Fulé PZ, Harmon ME, Larson AJ, Smith JM, Taylor AH et al. 2009. Widespread increase of tree mortality rates in the western United States. Science 323: 521-4.
58. van Miegroet H, Boettinger J, Baker M, Nielsen J, Evans D, Stum A. 2005. Soil carbon distribution and quality in a montane rangeland-forest mosaic in northern Utah. For Ecol Manag 220: 284-99.
59. Westerling AL, Hidalgo HG, Cayan DR, Swetnam TW. 2006. Warming and earlier spring increase western U. S. forest wildfire activity. Science 313: 940-3.
60. Zimmerman AR. 2010. Abiotic and microbial oxidation of laboratory-produced black carbon (biochar). Environ Sci Technol 44(4): 1295-301.