The Kargil War and nuclear deterrence

Nuclear Proliferation in South Asia: Crisis Behaviour and the Bomb

Volumn , Issue , 2008, Pages 117-143

  Joeck, Neil ^a  

^a Center for Global Security Research   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84906006943     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9780203892862     Document Type: Chapter

References (74)

1. Sumit Ganguly, Ron Hassner, Paul Kapur, Stephen Kim, Matthew Kroenig, Jerry Mullins, Robert Powell, Scott Sagan, Ashley Tellis "Nuclear Deterrence in South Asia and Beyond," April 2-3, 2007, in Washington, DC.
2. Kenneth Waltz, "More May Be Better," in Scott Sagan and Kenneth Waltz, The Spread of Nuclear Weapons: A Debate Renewed (New York: W. W. Norton, 2003).
3. Sagan and Waltz, The Spread of Nuclear Weapons. For a parallel analysis of the lessons for proliferation theory and policy from the Kargil conflict
4. S. Paul Kapur, "Nuclear Proliferation, the Kargil Conflict, and South Asian Security," Security Studies 13, no. 1 (Autumn 2003): 79-105;
5. S. Paul Kapur, Dangerous Deterrent: Nuclear Weapons Proliferation and Conflict in South Asia (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2007).
6. Thomas Schelling, Arms and Influence (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1966), 69-91.
7. Sagan and Waltz, The Spread of Nuclear Weapons, 107
8. V. P. Malik, Kargil: From Surprise to Victory (New Delhi: HarperCollins, 2006)
9. Amarinder Singh, A Ridge Too Far: War in the Kargil Heights 1999 (Patiala: Motibagh Palace, 2001)
10. M. K. Akbar, Kargil: Cross Border Terrorism (New Delhi: Mittal, 1999)
11. Jasjit Singh (ed.), Kargil 1999: Pakistan's Fourth War for Kashmir (New Delhi: Knowledge World, 1999)
12. Y. M. Bammi, Kargil 1999: The Impregnable Conquered (New Delhi: Gorkha, 2002)
13. Ashley J. Tellis, C. Christine Fair, and Jamison Jo Medby, Limited Conflicts under the Nuclear Umbrella: Indian and Pakistani Lessons from the Kargil Crisis (Santa Monica, CA: Rand, 2001).
14. Peter R. Lavoy (ed.), "Asymmetric Warfare in South Asia: The Causes and Consequences of the Kargil Conflict" (forthcoming).
15. Shaukat Qadir, "An Analysis of the Kargil Conflict 1999," RUSI Journal 147, no. 2 (April 2002): 24-30.
16. Qadir, "Analysis of the Kargil Conflict," 25-6.
17. Qadir, "Analysis of the Kargil Conflict," 24-30.
18. V. R. Raghavan, Siachen: Conflict without End (New Delhi: Viking, 2002).
19. Kapur, Dangerous Deterrent, 117.
20. P. R. Chari, Pervaiz Iqbal Cheema, and Stephen Philip Cohen, Perception, Politics, and Security in South Asia: The Compound Crisis of 1990 (London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2003).
21. Ashley J. Tellis, India's Emerging Nuclear Posture: Between Recessed Deterrent and Ready Arsenal (Santa Monica, CA: Rand, 2001), 131.
22. Pervez Musharraf, In the Line of Fire: A Memoir (New York: Free Press, 2006), 84.
23. Qadir, "Analysis of the Kargil Conflict," 26.
24. Jacob, Surrender at Dacca: Birth of a Nation (New Delhi: Manohar, 1997), 66, 76.
25. Strobe Talbott, Engaging India: Diplomacy, Democracy, and the Bomb (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 2004), 158.
26. Qadir, "Analysis of the Kargil Conflict," 30.
27. Tellis, Fair, and Medby, Limited Conflicts, 44.
28. Alexander George and Richard Smoke, Deterrence in American Foreign Policy: Theory and Practice (New York: Columbia University Press, 1974).
29. Tellis, Fair, and Medby, Limited Conflicts, 40.
30. George and Smoke, Deterrence in American Foreign Policy, 526.
31. These are derived from George and Smoke, Deterrence in American Foreign Policy, 564.
32. Russell Brines, The Indo-Pakistani Conflict (London: Pall Mall, 1968), 298-301, 318-19.
33. Musharraf, In the Line of Fire, 96.
34. George and Smoke, Deterrence in American Foreign Policy, 529.
35. George and Smoke, Deterrence in American Foreign Policy, 530-1.
36. George and Smoke, Deterrence in American Foreign Policy, 537.
37. George and Smoke, Deterrence in American Foreign Policy, 536-47.
38. Schelling, Arms and Influence, 69-91.
39. Robert Powell, Nuclear Deterrence Theory: The Search for Credibility (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990), 38.
40. S. Paul Kapur, "India and Pakistan's Unstable Peace," International Security 30, no. 2 (Fall 2005): 148-51, for a discussion of India and compellance in the 2001-2 confrontation.
41. Schelling, Arms and Influence, 79-80
42. Schelling, Arms and Influence, 44-5.
43. Kapur, "India and Pakistan's Unstable Peace," 146, for a similar point.
44. Schelling, Arms and Influence, 91.
45. Malik, Kargil, 85-6.
46. John Gill, "Military Operations in the Kargil Conflict," in Lavoy, "Asymmetric Warfare."
47. Praveen Swami, "A Probe and Its Prospects," Frontline, August 14-27, 1999, available at http://www.flonnet.com/fl1617/16170330.htm.
48. George and Smoke, Deterrence in American Foreign Policy, 569.
49. Talbott, Engaging India, 158.
50. Malik, Kargil, 107.
51. J. N. Dixit, India-Pakistan in War and Peace (London: Routledge, 2002), 55.
52. Robert Powell, "Nuclear Deterrence Theory, Nuclear Proliferation, and National Missile Defense," International Security 27, no. 4 (Spring 2003): 86-118 (p. 90).
53. Gill, "Military Operations," 178-9.
54. Ganguly and Hagerty, Fearful Symmetry, 143-66.
55. Gill, "Military Operations," 185-6.
56. Musharraf, In the Line of Fire, 91.
57. Dixit, India-Pakistan in War and Peace, 55-6 (italics added).
58. Raj Chengappa, Weapons of Peace: The Secret Story of India's Quest to Be a Nuclear Power (New Delhi: HarperCollins, 2000), 437.
59. Raja Menon, A Nuclear Strategy for India (New Delhi: Sage, 2000), 116.
60. Powell, "Nuclear Deterrence Theory," 90.
61. Musharraf, In the Line of Fire, 91.
62. "Pakistan May Use Any Weapon," The News, May 31, 1999.
63. Bruce Reidel, American Diplomacy and the 1999 Kargil Summit at Blair House, Policy Paper series 2002, Center for the Advanced Study of India, University of Pennsylvania.
64. Tellis, Fair, and Medby, Limited Conflicts, 15.
65. Sagan and Waltz, Spread of Nuclear Weapons, 4-9.
66. Sagan and Waltz, Spread of Nuclear Weapons, 5.
67. Khan, Lavoy, and Clary, "Pakistan's Motivations."
68. Sagan and Waltz, Spread of Nuclear Weapons, 7.
69. Sugata Bose and Ayesha Jalal, Modern South Asia: History, Culture, Political Economy (London: Routledge, 1998), 174; the two-nation theory is consecrated
70. "Pakistan Resolution" adopted by the Muslim League at Lahore, March 23, 1940. 96
71. Jeffrey Knopf, "Recasting the Proliferation Optimism-Pessimism Debate," Security Studies 12, no. 1 (Autumn 2002): 43.
72. Peter R. Lavoy, "The Strategic Consequences of Nuclear Proliferation," Security Studies 4, no. 4 (Summer 1995): 695-753.
73. Musharraf, In the Line of Fire, 97. The belief that Pakistan could have dug in, waited for winter
74. Owen Bennett-Jones, Pakistan: Eye of the Storm (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2002), 87-104.