Origin of cardiovascular risk in overweight preschool children: A cohort study of cardiometabolic risk factors at the onset of obesity

JAMA Pediatrics

Volumn 168, Issue 10, 2014, Pages 917-924

  Shashaj, Blegina ^a   Bedogni, Giorgio ^b   Graziani, Maria P ^c   Tozzi, Alberto E ^a   DiCorpo, Maria L ^c   Morano, Donatella ^c   Tacconi, Ludovica ^c   Veronelli, Patrizio ^c   Contoli, Benedetta ^a   Manco, Melania ^a  

^a BAMBINO GESÙ CHILDREN S HOSPITAL   (Italy)

^b Liver Research Center   (Italy)

^c FIMP Federazione Italiana Medici Pediatri   (Italy)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE; CHOLESTEROL; GAMMA GLUTAMYLTRANSFERASE; GLUCOSE; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; TRIACYLGLYCEROL;

AGE DISTRIBUTION; ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE BLOOD LEVEL; ARTERIAL WALL THICKNESS; ARTICLE; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE BLOOD LEVEL; BODY MASS; BODY WEIGHT; CARDIOMETABOLIC RISK; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CAUCASIAN; CHILD; CHILDHOOD OBESITY; CHOLESTEROL BLOOD LEVEL; CLINICAL LABORATORY; COHORT ANALYSIS; COMMON CAROTID ARTERY; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIABETES MELLITUS; DIET RESTRICTION; DISORDERS OF CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM; DYSLIPIDEMIA; ECHOGRAPHY; ETHNICITY; FATTY LIVER; FEMALE; FIRST DEGREE RELATIVE; GAMMA GLUTAMYL TRANSFERASE BLOOD LEVEL; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; GROWTH CURVE; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA; INSULIN RESISTANCE; INSULIN SENSITIVITY; INTRAABDOMINAL FAT; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MEDICAL RECORD; NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER; ORAL GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST; PEDIATRICIAN; PREVALENCE; SOCIAL STATUS; SUBCUTANEOUS FAT; TRIACYLGLYCEROL BLOOD LEVEL; ADOLESCENT; COMPLICATION; ITALY; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; OBESITY; PHYSIOLOGY; PRESCHOOL CHILD; RISK FACTOR;

ADOLESCENT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; BODY MASS INDEX; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; COHORT STUDIES; FEMALE; HUMANS; INSULIN RESISTANCE; MALE; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; OBESITY; RISK FACTORS; ROME;

EID: 84905914160     PISSN: 21686203     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2014.900     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Kipping RR, Jago R, Lawlor DA. Obesity in children, part 1: epidemiology, measurement, risk factors, and screening. BMJ. 2008;337:a1824. doi:10.1136/bmj.a1824.
2. de OnisM, Blossner M, Borghi E. Global prevalence and trends of overweight and obesity among preschool children. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010;92 (5):1257-1264.
3. Cunningham SA, Kramer MR, Narayan KM. Incidence of childhood obesity in the United States. N Engl J Med. 2014;370(5):403-411.
4. Cattaneo A, Monasta L, Stamatakis E, et al. Overweight and obesity in infants and pre-school children in the European Union: a review of existing data. Obes Rev. 2010;11(5):389-398.
5. Weiss R, Caprio S. A tale of twins and insulin resistance. J Pediatr. 2004;144(5):567-568.
6. Hudson L, Viner RM. Obesity in children and adolescents. BMJ. 2012;345:e5457. doi: 10.1136/bmj.e5457.
7. DeFronzo RA, Ferrannini E. Insulin resistance: a multifaceted syndrome responsible for NIDDM, obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Diabetes Care. 1991;14(3):173-194.
8. Jeffery AN, Metcalf BS, Hosking J, Streeter AJ, Voss LD,Wilkin TJ. Age before stage: insulin resistance rises before the onset of puberty: a 9-year longitudinal study (EarlyBird 26). Diabetes Care. 2012;35(3):536-541.
9. Manco M, Spreghini MR, Luciano R, et al. Insulin sensitivity from preschool to school age in patients with severe obesity. PLoS One. 2013;8(7):e68628. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0068628.
10. Bocca G, Ongering EC, Stolk RP, Sauer PJ. Insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk factors in 3- to 5-year-old overweight or obese children. Horm Res Paediatr. 2013;80(3):201-206.
11. Cole TJ, Bellizzi MC, Flegal KM, Dietz WH. Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: international survey. BMJ. 2000;320(7244):1240-1243.
12. Podoll A, Grenier M, Croix B, Feig DI. Inaccuracy in pediatric outpatient blood pressure measurement. Pediatrics. 2007;119(3):e538-e543. doi: 10.1542/peds.2006-1686.
13. Matthews DR, Hosker JP, Rudenski AS, Naylor BA, Treacher DF, Turner RC. Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and β-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetologia. 1985;28(7): 412-419.
14. Phillips DI, Clark PM, Hales CN, Osmond C. Understanding oral glucose tolerance: comparison of glucose or insulin measurements during the oral glucose tolerance test with specific measurements of insulin resistance and insulin secretion. Diabet Med. 1994;11(3):286-292.
15. Matsuda M, DeFronzo RA. Insulin sensitivity indices obtained from oral glucose tolerance testing: comparison with the euglycemic insulin clamp. Diabetes Care. 1999;22(9):1462-1470.
16. Manco M, Bedogni G, Monti L, Morino G, Natali G, Nobili V. Intima-media thickness and liver histology in obese children and adolescents with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Atherosclerosis. 2010;209(2):463-468.
17. Koda M, Senda M, Kamba M, Kimura K, Murawaki Y. Sonographic subcutaneous and visceral fat indices represent the distribution of body fat volume. Abdom Imaging. 2007;32(3):387-392.
18. Shannon A, Alkhouri N, Carter-Kent C, et al. Ultrasonographic quantitative estimation of hepatic steatosis in children with NAFLD. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2011;53(2):190-195.
19. Daniels SR, Greer FR; Committee on Nutrition. Lipid screening and cardiovascular health in childhood. Pediatrics. 2008;122(1):198-208.
20. National High Blood Pressure Education ProgramWorking Group on High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents. The fourth report on the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure in children and adolescents. Pediatrics. 2004;114(2)(suppl 4th report):555-576.
21. Genuth S, Alberti KG, Bennett P, et al; Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. Follow-up report on the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2003;26(11): 3160-3167.
22. Wilkin TJ, Voss LD,Metcalf BS, et al.Metabolic risk in early childhood: the EarlyBird study. Int J Obes RelatMetab Disord. 2004;28(suppl 3):S64-S69.
23. d'Annunzio G, Vanelli M, Pistorio A, et al; Diabetes Study Group of the Italian Society for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes. Insulin resistance and secretion indexes in healthy Italian children and adolescents: a multicentre study. Acta Biomed. 2009;80(1):21-28.
24. Hochberg Z, Feil R, ConstanciaM, et al. Child health, developmental plasticity, and epigenetic programming. Endocr Rev. 2011;32(2):159-224.
25. Himes JH, Dietz WH; Expert Committee on Clinical Guidelines for Overweight in Adolescent Preventive Services. Guidelines for overweight in adolescent preventive services: recommendations from an expert committee. Am J Clin Nutr. 1994;59 (2):307-316.
26. Bocca G, Corpeleijn E, Stolk RP,Wolffenbuttel BH, Sauer PJ. Effect of obesity intervention programs on adipokines, insulin resistance, lipid profile and low-grade inflammation in 3-year-old to 5-year-old children. Pediatr Res. 2014;75(2):352-357.
27. Stocks T, Renders CM, Bulk-Bunschoten AM, Hirasing RA, van Buuren S, Seidell JC. Body size and growth in 0- to 4-year-old children and the relation to body size in primary school age. Obes Rev. 2011; 12(8):637-652.
28. Zimmet P, Alberti KG, Kaufman F, et al; IDF Consensus Group. The metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents: an IDF consensus report. Pediatr Diabetes. 2007;8(5):299-306.
29. Freedman DS, Dietz WH, Srinivasan SR, Berenson GS. Risk factors and adult body mass index among overweight children: the Bogalusa Heart Study. Pediatrics. 2009;123(3):750-757.
30. I'Allemand D, Wiegand S, Reinehr T, et al; APV-Study Group. Cardiovascular risk in 26,008 European overweight children as established by a multicenter database. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2008; 16(7):1672-1679.
31. Sinha R, Fisch G, Teague B, et al. Prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance among children and adolescents with marked obesity [published correction of dosage error appears in N Engl J Med. 2002;346(22):1756].
32. N Engl J Med. 2002;346(11): 802-810.
33. Invitti C, Guzzaloni G, Gilardini L, Morabito F, Viberti G. Prevalence and concomitants of glucose intolerance in European obese children and adolescents. Diabetes Care. 2003;26(1):118-124.
34. Valerio G, LicenziatiMR, Iannuzzi A, et al. Insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance in obese children and adolescents from Southern Italy. NutrMetab Cardiovasc Dis. 2006;16(4):279-284.
35. Bjorntorp P. Body fat distribution, insulin resistance, and metabolic diseases. Nutrition. 1997; 13(9):795-803.
36. Choi SS, Diehl AM. Hepatic triglyceride synthesis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Curr Opin Lipidol. 2008;19(3):295-300.
37. Manco M. Population-based screening programs for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in youth and clues to prevention. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014;99(3):774-776.
38. Manco M, Alisi A, Nobili V. Risk of severe liver disease in NAFLD with normal ALT levels: a pediatric report. Hepatology. 2008;48(6):2087-2088.
39. Manco M. Metabolic syndrome in childhood from impaired carbohydrate metabolism to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J AmColl Nutr. 2011; 30(5):295-303.
40. Ford ES; National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. C-reactive protein concentration and cardiovascular disease risk factors in children: findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2000. Circulation. 2003;108(9):1053-1058.
41. Moran A, Steffen LM, Jacobs DR Jr, et al. Relation of C-reactive protein to insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk factors in youth. Diabetes Care. 2005;28(7):1763-1768.