메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 16, Issue 10, 2014, Pages 1-11

The Current State of Ethnic and Racial Disparities in Cardiovascular Care: Lessons from the Past and Opportunities for the Future

Author keywords

Cardiovascular outcomes; Racial ethnic disparities; Review

Indexed keywords

CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; ETHNOLOGY; HEALTH CARE DELIVERY; HEALTH CARE DISPARITY; HEALTH CARE QUALITY; HEART MUSCLE REVASCULARIZATION; HUMAN; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; RISK FACTOR; TREATMENT OUTCOME; TRENDS; UTILIZATION;

EID: 84905893531     PISSN: 15233782     EISSN: 15343170     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11886-014-0530-3     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (44)

References (102)
  • 2
    • 84939918275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kaiser Family Foundation. Disparities in health and heath care: five key questions and answers. 2012. Accessed April 3 2014
    • Kaiser Family Foundation. Disparities in health and heath care: five key questions and answers. 2012. http://kaiserfamilyfoundation.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/8396.pdf. Accessed April 3 2014.
  • 3
    • 84856002342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reducing racial and ethnic disparities: the action plan from the department of health and human services
    • Koh HK, Graham G, Glied SA. Reducing racial and ethnic disparities: the action plan from the department of health and human services. Health Aff (Millwood). 2011;30(10):1822–9. doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2011.0673.
    • (2011) Health Aff (Millwood , vol.30 , Issue.10 , pp. 1822-1829
    • Koh, H.K.1    Graham, G.2    Glied, S.A.3
  • 4
    • 84939918276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AHRQ Publication No. 13–0003
    • Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. National Healthcare Disparities Report 2012. AHRQ Publication No. 13–0003. Rockville, MD 2013.
    • (2012) Rockville, M , pp. 2013
  • 5
    • 84900865272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How did cause of death contribute to racial differences in life expectancy in the United States in 2010?
    • Hyattsville, Maryland:
    • Kochanek KD, Arias E, Anderson RN. How did cause of death contribute to racial differences in life expectancy in the United States in 2010? NCHS data brief, no 125. Hyattsville, Maryland 2013.
    • (2013) NCHS data brie , vol.125
    • Kochanek, K.D.1    Arias, E.2    Anderson, R.N.3
  • 6
    • 84893651437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heart disease and stroke statistics—2014 update: a report from the American Heart Association
    • PID: 24352519
    • Go AS, Mozaffarian D, Roger VL, Benjamin EJ, Berry JD, Blaha MJ, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics—2014 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2014;129(3):e28–e292. doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000441139.02102.80.
    • (2014) Circulatio , vol.129 , Issue.3 , pp. e28-e292
    • Go, A.S.1    Mozaffarian, D.2    Roger, V.L.3    Benjamin, E.J.4    Berry, J.D.5    Blaha, M.J.6
  • 7
    • 69749090513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Black-white differences in avoidable mortality in the USA, 1980–2005
    • PID: 19364760, COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BD1Mrlt1Crsg%3D%3D
    • Macinko J, Elo IT. Black-white differences in avoidable mortality in the USA, 1980–2005. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2009;63(9):715–21. doi:10.1136/jech.2008.081141.
    • (2009) J Epidemiol Community Healt , vol.63 , Issue.9 , pp. 715-721
    • Macinko, J.1    Elo, I.T.2
  • 9
    • 0042243529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validity of racial/ethnic classifications in medical records data: an exploratory study
    • PID: 12835189
    • Moscou S, Anderson MR, Kaplan JB, Valencia L. Validity of racial/ethnic classifications in medical records data: an exploratory study. Am J Public Health. 2003;93(7):1084–6.
    • (2003) Am J Public Healt , vol.93 , Issue.7 , pp. 1084-1086
    • Moscou, S.1    Anderson, M.R.2    Kaplan, J.B.3    Valencia, L.4
  • 10
    • 33746355959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obtaining data on patient race, ethnicity, and primary language in health care organizations: current challenges and proposed solutions
    • PID: 16899021
    • Hasnain-Wynia R, Baker DW. Obtaining data on patient race, ethnicity, and primary language in health care organizations: current challenges and proposed solutions. Health Serv Res. 2006;41(4 Pt 1):1501–18. doi:10.1111/j.1475-6773.2006.00552.x.
    • (2006) Health Serv Re , vol.41 , Issue.4 , pp. 1501-1518
    • Hasnain-Wynia, R.1    Baker, D.W.2
  • 11
    • 52149116278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new method for estimating race/ethnicity and associated disparities where administrative records lack self-reported race/ethnicity
    • PID: 18479410
    • Elliott MN, Fremont A, Morrison PA, Pantoja P, Lurie N. A new method for estimating race/ethnicity and associated disparities where administrative records lack self-reported race/ethnicity. Health Serv Res. 2008;43(5 Pt 1):1722–36. doi:10.1111/j.1475-6773.2008.00854.x.
    • (2008) Health Serv Re , vol.43 , Issue.5 , pp. 1722-1736
    • Elliott, M.N.1    Fremont, A.2    Morrison, P.A.3    Pantoja, P.4    Lurie, N.5
  • 12
    • 0037111868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetics. Toward a new vocabulary of human genetic variation
    • PID: 12434037, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XpsFekur0%3D
    • Sankar P, Cho MK. Genetics. Toward a new vocabulary of human genetic variation. Science. 2002;298(5597):1337–8. doi:10.1126/science.1074447.
    • (2002) Scienc , vol.298 , Issue.5597 , pp. 1337-1338
    • Sankar, P.1    Cho, M.K.2
  • 13
    • 4444325654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Class—the ignored determinant of the nation’s health
    • PID: 15356313, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXnsVSrtLY%3D
    • Isaacs SL, Schroeder SA. Class—the ignored determinant of the nation’s health. N Engl J Med. 2004;351(11):1137–42. doi:10.1056/NEJMsb040329.
    • (2004) N Engl J Me , vol.351 , Issue.11 , pp. 1137-1142
    • Isaacs, S.L.1    Schroeder, S.A.2
  • 14
    • 17144415628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hospital-level racial disparities in acute myocardial infarction treatment and outcomes
    • PID: 15778634
    • Barnato AE, Lucas FL, Staiger D, Wennberg DE, Chandra A. Hospital-level racial disparities in acute myocardial infarction treatment and outcomes. Med Care. 2005;43(4):308–19.
    • (2005) Med Car , vol.43 , Issue.4 , pp. 308-319
    • Barnato, A.E.1    Lucas, F.L.2    Staiger, D.3    Wennberg, D.E.4    Chandra, A.5
  • 15
    • 61449248280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors associated with racial differences in myocardial infarction outcomes
    • PID: 19258559
    • Spertus JA, Jones PG, Masoudi FA, Rumsfeld JS, Krumholz HM. Factors associated with racial differences in myocardial infarction outcomes. Ann Intern Med. 2009;150(5):314–24.
    • (2009) Ann Intern Me , vol.150 , Issue.5 , pp. 314-324
    • Spertus, J.A.1    Jones, P.G.2    Masoudi, F.A.3    Rumsfeld, J.S.4    Krumholz, H.M.5
  • 16
    • 84863614437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial differences in risks for first cardiovascular events and noncardiovascular death: the atherosclerosis risk in communities study, the cardiovascular health study, and the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis
    • PID: 22693351
    • Feinstein M, Ning H, Kang J, Bertoni A, Carnethon M, Lloyd-Jones DM. Racial differences in risks for first cardiovascular events and noncardiovascular death: the atherosclerosis risk in communities study, the cardiovascular health study, and the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. Circulation. 2012;126(1):50–9. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.057232.
    • (2012) Circulatio , vol.126 , Issue.1 , pp. 50-59
    • Feinstein, M.1    Ning, H.2    Kang, J.3    Bertoni, A.4    Carnethon, M.5    Lloyd-Jones, D.M.6
  • 17
    • 0037079005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contribution of major diseases to disparities in mortality
    • PID: 12432046
    • Wong MD, Shapiro MF, Boscardin WJ, Ettner SL. Contribution of major diseases to disparities in mortality. N Engl J Med. 2002;347(20):1585–92. doi:10.1056/NEJMsa012979.
    • (2002) N Engl J Me , vol.347 , Issue.20 , pp. 1585-1592
    • Wong, M.D.1    Shapiro, M.F.2    Boscardin, W.J.3    Ettner, S.L.4
  • 18
    • 33646672176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial and geographic differences in awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension: the reasons for geographic and racial differences in stroke study
    • Howard G, Prineas R, Moy C, Cushman M, Kellum M, Temple E, et al. Racial and geographic differences in awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension: the reasons for geographic and racial differences in stroke study. Stroke; a j of cereb circ. 2006;37(5):1171–8. doi:10.1161/01.STR.0000217222.09978.ce.
    • (2006) Stroke; a j of cereb cir , vol.37 , Issue.5 , pp. 1171-1178
    • Howard, G.1    Prineas, R.2    Moy, C.3    Cushman, M.4    Kellum, M.5    Temple, E.6
  • 19
    • 84939918277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse. National Diabetes Statistics, 2011. Accessed July 9 2014
    • National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse. National Diabetes Statistics, 2011. http://diabetes.niddk.nih.gov/statistics/. Accessed July 9 2014.
  • 22
    • 84879014375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Creating a transdisciplinary research center to reduce cardiovascular health disparities in Baltimore, Maryland: lessons learned
    • PID: 24028238
    • Cooper LA, Boulware LE, Miller 3rd ER, Golden SH, Carson KA, Noronha G, et al. Creating a transdisciplinary research center to reduce cardiovascular health disparities in Baltimore, Maryland: lessons learned. Am J Public Health. 2013;103(11):e26–38. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301297.
    • (2013) Am J Public Healt , vol.103 , Issue.11 , pp. e26-e38
    • Cooper, L.A.1    Boulware, L.E.2    Miller, E.R.3    Golden, S.H.4    Carson, K.A.5    Noronha, G.6
  • 23
    • 84859243920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overcoming barriers to hypertension control in African Americans
    • PID: 22219234
    • Odedosu T, Schoenthaler A, Vieira DL, Agyemang C, Ogedegbe G. Overcoming barriers to hypertension control in African Americans. Cleve Clin J Med. 2012;79(1):46–56. doi:10.3949/ccjm.79a.11068.
    • (2012) Cleve Clin J Me , vol.79 , Issue.1 , pp. 46-56
    • Odedosu, T.1    Schoenthaler, A.2    Vieira, D.L.3    Agyemang, C.4    Ogedegbe, G.5
  • 24
    • 0031019923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial variation in the use of coronary-revascularization procedures. Are the differences real? Do they matter?
    • PID: 9017942, COI: 1:STN:280:DyaK2s7mtV2htQ%3D%3D
    • Peterson ED, Shaw LK, DeLong ER, Pryor DB, Califf RM, Mark DB. Racial variation in the use of coronary-revascularization procedures. Are the differences real? Do they matter? N Engl J Med. 1997;336(7):480–6.
    • (1997) N Engl J Me , vol.336 , Issue.7 , pp. 480-486
    • Peterson, E.D.1    Shaw, L.K.2    DeLong, E.R.3    Pryor, D.B.4    Califf, R.M.5    Mark, D.B.6
  • 25
    • 0027245625 scopus 로고
    • Racial differences in the use of revascularization procedures after coronary angiography
    • PID: 8487447, COI: 1:STN:280:DyaK3s3ltl2nsw%3D%3D
    • Ayanian JZ, Udvarhelyi IS, Gatsonis CA, Pashos CL, Epstein AM. Racial differences in the use of revascularization procedures after coronary angiography. JAMA. 1993;269(20):2642–6.
    • (1993) JAM , vol.269 , Issue.20 , pp. 2642-2646
    • Ayanian, J.Z.1    Udvarhelyi, I.S.2    Gatsonis, C.A.3    Pashos, C.L.4    Epstein, A.M.5
  • 26
    • 0027226050 scopus 로고
    • Racial differences in the use of invasive cardiovascular procedures in the Department of Veterans Affairs Medical System
    • PID: 8341338, COI: 1:STN:280:DyaK3szktFGqsA%3D%3D
    • Whittle J, Conigliaro J, Good CB, Lofgren RP. Racial differences in the use of invasive cardiovascular procedures in the Department of Veterans Affairs Medical System. N Engl J Med. 1993;329(9):621–7. doi:10.1056/NEJM199308263290907.
    • (1993) N Engl J Me , vol.329 , Issue.9 , pp. 621-627
    • Whittle, J.1    Conigliaro, J.2    Good, C.B.3    Lofgren, R.P.4
  • 27
  • 28
    • 15244360473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of racial disparities in procedure use on functional status outcomes among patients with coronary artery disease
    • PID: 15769770
    • Kaul P, Lytle BL, Spertus JA, DeLong ER, Peterson ED. Influence of racial disparities in procedure use on functional status outcomes among patients with coronary artery disease. Circulation. 2005;111(10):1284–90. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000157731.66268.E1.
    • (2005) Circulatio , vol.111 , Issue.10 , pp. 1284-1290
    • Kaul, P.1    Lytle, B.L.2    Spertus, J.A.3    DeLong, E.R.4    Peterson, E.D.5
  • 29
    • 20144374536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial variations in treatment and outcomes of black and white patients with high-risk non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes: insights from CRUSADE (Can rapid risk stratification of unstable angina patients suppress adverse outcomes with early implementation of the ACC/AHA guidelines?)
    • PID: 15769762
    • Sonel AF, Good CB, Mulgund J, Roe MT, Gibler WB, Smith Jr SC, et al. Racial variations in treatment and outcomes of black and white patients with high-risk non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes: insights from CRUSADE (Can rapid risk stratification of unstable angina patients suppress adverse outcomes with early implementation of the ACC/AHA guidelines?). Circulation. 2005;111(10):1225–32. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000157732.03358.64.
    • (2005) Circulatio , vol.111 , Issue.10 , pp. 1225-1232
    • Sonel, A.F.1    Good, C.B.2    Mulgund, J.3    Roe, M.T.4    Gibler, W.B.5    Smith, S.C.6
  • 30
    • 20144385195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of race on death and ischemic complications in patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes despite modern, protocol-guided treatment
    • PID: 15769761
    • Sabatine MS, Blake GJ, Drazner MH, Morrow DA, Scirica BM, Murphy SA, et al. Influence of race on death and ischemic complications in patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes despite modern, protocol-guided treatment. Circulation. 2005;111(10):1217–24. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000157733.50479.B9.
    • (2005) Circulatio , vol.111 , Issue.10 , pp. 1217-1224
    • Sabatine, M.S.1    Blake, G.J.2    Drazner, M.H.3    Morrow, D.A.4    Scirica, B.M.5    Murphy, S.A.6
  • 31
    • 23844494864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex and racial differences in the management of acute myocardial infarction, 1994 through 2002
    • PID: 16107620, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXos1Clsr4%3D
    • Vaccarino V, Rathore SS, Wenger NK, Frederick PD, Abramson JL, Barron HV, et al. Sex and racial differences in the management of acute myocardial infarction, 1994 through 2002. N Engl J Med. 2005;353(7):671–82. doi:10.1056/NEJMsa032214.
    • (2005) N Engl J Me , vol.353 , Issue.7 , pp. 671-682
    • Vaccarino, V.1    Rathore, S.S.2    Wenger, N.K.3    Frederick, P.D.4    Abramson, J.L.5    Barron, H.V.6
  • 32
    • 34250351990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences in mortality and use of revascularization in black and white patients with acute MI admitted to hospitals with and without revascularization services
    • PID: 17565083, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXmsV2msbo%3D
    • Popescu I, Vaughan-Sarrazin MS, Rosenthal GE. Differences in mortality and use of revascularization in black and white patients with acute MI admitted to hospitals with and without revascularization services. JAMA. 2007;297(22):2489–95. doi:10.1001/jama.297.22.2489.
    • (2007) JAM , vol.297 , Issue.22 , pp. 2489-2495
    • Popescu, I.1    Vaughan-Sarrazin, M.S.2    Rosenthal, G.E.3
  • 33
    • 77953230905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial and ethnic differences in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction: findings from the Get with the Guidelines-Coronary Artery Disease Program
    • PID: 20479153
    • Cohen MG, Fonarow GC, Peterson ED, Moscucci M, Dai D, Hernandez AF, et al. Racial and ethnic differences in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction: findings from the Get with the Guidelines-Coronary Artery Disease Program. Circulation. 2010;121(21):2294–301. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.922286.
    • (2010) Circulatio , vol.121 , Issue.21 , pp. 2294-2301
    • Cohen, M.G.1    Fonarow, G.C.2    Peterson, E.D.3    Moscucci, M.4    Dai, D.5    Hernandez, A.F.6
  • 34
    • 4644250802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial and ethnic differences in time to acute reperfusion therapy for patients hospitalized with myocardial infarction
    • PID: 15467058, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXot1aksL8%3D
    • Bradley EH, Herrin J, Wang Y, McNamara RL, Webster TR, Magid DJ, et al. Racial and ethnic differences in time to acute reperfusion therapy for patients hospitalized with myocardial infarction. JAMA. 2004;292(13):1563–72. doi:10.1001/jama.292.13.1563.
    • (2004) JAM , vol.292 , Issue.13 , pp. 1563-1572
    • Bradley, E.H.1    Herrin, J.2    Wang, Y.3    McNamara, R.L.4    Webster, T.R.5    Magid, D.J.6
  • 36
    • 0035806984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial differences in cardiac revascularization rates: does “overuse” explain higher rates among white patients?
    • PID: 11529696, COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3MrgsFKjtw%3D%3D
    • Schneider EC, Leape LL, Weissman JS, Piana RN, Gatsonis C, Epstein AM. Racial differences in cardiac revascularization rates: does “overuse” explain higher rates among white patients? Ann Intern Med. 2001;135(5):328–37.
    • (2001) Ann Intern Me , vol.135 , Issue.5 , pp. 328-337
    • Schneider, E.C.1    Leape, L.L.2    Weissman, J.S.3    Piana, R.N.4    Gatsonis, C.5    Epstein, A.M.6
  • 37
    • 83155180256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2011 ACCF/AHA/SCAI guideline for percutaneous coronary intervention: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions
    • PID: 22064601
    • Levine GN, Bates ER, Blankenship JC, Bailey SR, Bittl JA, Cercek B, et al. 2011 ACCF/AHA/SCAI guideline for percutaneous coronary intervention: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions. Circulation. 2011;124(23):e574–651. doi:10.1161/CIR.0b013e31823ba622.
    • (2011) Circulatio , vol.124 , Issue.23 , pp. e574-e651
    • Levine, G.N.1    Bates, E.R.2    Blankenship, J.C.3    Bailey, S.R.4    Bittl, J.A.5    Cercek, B.6
  • 38
    • 34848815666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences in utilization of drug-eluting stents by race and payer
    • PID: 17920356, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhtFCjsLbF
    • Hannan EL, Racz M, Walford G, Clark LT, Holmes DR, King 3rd SB, et al. Differences in utilization of drug-eluting stents by race and payer. Am J Cardiol. 2007;100(8):1192–8. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2007.05.039.
    • (2007) Am J Cardio , vol.100 , Issue.8 , pp. 1192-1198
    • Hannan, E.L.1    Racz, M.2    Walford, G.3    Clark, L.T.4    Holmes, D.R.5    King, S.B.6
  • 39
    • 84875915732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of race and ethnicity on outcomes with drug-eluting and bare metal stents: results in 423 965 patients in the linked National Cardiovascular Data Registry and Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services payer databases
    • PID: 23547179
    • Kumar RS, Douglas PS, Peterson ED, Anstrom KJ, Dai D, Brennan JM, et al. Effect of race and ethnicity on outcomes with drug-eluting and bare metal stents: results in 423 965 patients in the linked National Cardiovascular Data Registry and Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services payer databases. Circulation. 2013;127(13):1395–403. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.001437.
    • (2013) Circulatio , vol.127 , Issue.13 , pp. 1395-1403
    • Kumar, R.S.1    Douglas, P.S.2    Peterson, E.D.3    Anstrom, K.J.4    Dai, D.5    Brennan, J.M.6
  • 40
    • 34948845507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex and racial differences in the use of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators among patients hospitalized with heart failure
    • PID: 17911497, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhtFeitrbJ
    • Hernandez AF, Fonarow GC, Liang L, Al-Khatib SM, Curtis LH, LaBresh KA, et al. Sex and racial differences in the use of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators among patients hospitalized with heart failure. JAMA. 2007;298(13):1525–32. doi:10.1001/jama.298.13.1525.
    • (2007) JAM , vol.298 , Issue.13 , pp. 1525-1532
    • Hernandez, A.F.1    Fonarow, G.C.2    Liang, L.3    Al-Khatib, S.M.4    Curtis, L.H.5    LaBresh, K.A.6
  • 41
    • 84857923601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in use of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy among patients hospitalized for heart failure: have the previously observed sex and racial disparities changed over time?
    • PID: 22287589
    • Al-Khatib SM, Hellkamp AS, Hernandez AF, Fonarow GC, Thomas KL, Al-Khalidi HR, et al. Trends in use of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy among patients hospitalized for heart failure: have the previously observed sex and racial disparities changed over time? Circulation. 2012;125(9):1094–101. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.066605.
    • (2012) Circulatio , vol.125 , Issue.9 , pp. 1094-1101
    • Al-Khatib, S.M.1    Hellkamp, A.S.2    Hernandez, A.F.3    Fonarow, G.C.4    Thomas, K.L.5    Al-Khalidi, H.R.6
  • 43
    • 79953726293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of race/ethnicity with clinical risk factors, quality of care, and acute outcomes in patients hospitalized with heart failure
    • PID: 21473975
    • Thomas KL, Hernandez AF, Dai D, Heidenreich P, Fonarow GC, Peterson ED, et al. Association of race/ethnicity with clinical risk factors, quality of care, and acute outcomes in patients hospitalized with heart failure. Am Heart J. 2011;161(4):746–54. doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2011.01.012.
    • (2011) Am Heart , vol.161 , Issue.4 , pp. 746-754
    • Thomas, K.L.1    Hernandez, A.F.2    Dai, D.3    Heidenreich, P.4    Fonarow, G.C.5    Peterson, E.D.6
  • 44
    • 43049098571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quality of care of and outcomes for African Americans hospitalized with heart failure: findings from the OPTIMIZE-HF (Organized Program to Initiate Lifesaving Treatment in Hospitalized Patients with Heart Failure) registry
    • PID: 18436120
    • Yancy CW, Abraham WT, Albert NM, Clare R, Stough WG, Gheorghiade M, et al. Quality of care of and outcomes for African Americans hospitalized with heart failure: findings from the OPTIMIZE-HF (Organized Program to Initiate Lifesaving Treatment in Hospitalized Patients with Heart Failure) registry. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008;51(17):1675–84. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2008.01.028.
    • (2008) J Am Coll Cardio , vol.51 , Issue.17 , pp. 1675-1684
    • Yancy, C.W.1    Abraham, W.T.2    Albert, N.M.3    Clare, R.4    Stough, W.G.5    Gheorghiade, M.6
  • 45
    • 84876807908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender and racial disparities in adherence to statin therapy: a meta-analysis
    • PID: 23622903
    • Lewey J, Shrank WH, Bowry AD, Kilabuk E, Brennan TA, Choudhry NK. Gender and racial disparities in adherence to statin therapy: a meta-analysis. Am Heart J. 2013;165(5):665–78. doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2013.02.011.
    • (2013) Am Heart , vol.165 , Issue.5 , pp. 665-678
    • Lewey, J.1    Shrank, W.H.2    Bowry, A.D.3    Kilabuk, E.4    Brennan, T.A.5    Choudhry, N.K.6
  • 46
    • 84894316477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial/ethnic and gender gaps in the use of and adherence to evidence-based preventive therapies among elderly medicare part D beneficiaries after acute myocardial infarction
    • PID: 24326988, This recent analysis of medication adherence among Medicare beneficiaries after myocardial infarction highlights the ongoing differential rates of medication adherence by race, ethnicity, and gender
    • Lauffenburger JC, Robinson JG, Oramasionwu C, Fang G. Racial/ethnic and gender gaps in the use of and adherence to evidence-based preventive therapies among elderly medicare part D beneficiaries after acute myocardial infarction. Circulation. 2014;129(7):754–63. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.002658. This recent analysis of medication adherence among Medicare beneficiaries after myocardial infarction highlights the ongoing differential rates of medication adherence by race, ethnicity, and gender.
    • (2014) Circulatio , vol.129 , Issue.7 , pp. 754-763
    • Lauffenburger, J.C.1    Robinson, J.G.2    Oramasionwu, C.3    Fang, G.4
  • 47
    • 84890117796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Untangling the relationship between medication adherence and post-myocardial infarction outcomes: medication adherence and clinical outcomes
    • PID: 24332142
    • Choudhry NK, Glynn RJ, Avorn J, Lee JL, Brennan TA, Reisman L, et al. Untangling the relationship between medication adherence and post-myocardial infarction outcomes: medication adherence and clinical outcomes. Am Heart J. 2014;167(1):51–8. doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2013.09.014.
    • (2014) Am Heart , vol.167 , Issue.1 , pp. 51-58
    • Choudhry, N.K.1    Glynn, R.J.2    Avorn, J.3    Lee, J.L.4    Brennan, T.A.5    Reisman, L.6
  • 48
    • 33846123697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between adherence to evidence-based pharmacotherapy and long-term mortality after acute myocardial infarction
    • PID: 17213401, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXksVyisA%3D%3D
    • Rasmussen JN, Chong A, Alter DA. Relationship between adherence to evidence-based pharmacotherapy and long-term mortality after acute myocardial infarction. JAMA. 2007;297(2):177–86. doi:10.1001/jama.297.2.177.
    • (2007) JAM , vol.297 , Issue.2 , pp. 177-186
    • Rasmussen, J.N.1    Chong, A.2    Alter, D.A.3
  • 50
    • 84855999366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Raising low ‘patient activation’ rates among Hispanic immigrants may equal expanded coverage in reducing access disparities
    • Cunningham PJ, Hibbard J, Gibbons CB. Raising low ‘patient activation’ rates among Hispanic immigrants may equal expanded coverage in reducing access disparities. Health Aff (Millwood). 2011;30(10):1888–94. doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2009.0805.
    • (2011) Health Aff (Millwood , vol.30 , Issue.10 , pp. 1888-1894
    • Cunningham, P.J.1    Hibbard, J.2    Gibbons, C.B.3
  • 51
    • 84859431439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patient factors, but not provider and health care system factors, predict medication adherence in hypertensive black men
    • Lewis LM, Schoenthaler AM, Ogedegbe G. Patient factors, but not provider and health care system factors, predict medication adherence in hypertensive black men. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2012;14(4):250–5. doi:10.1111/j.1751-7176.2012.00591.x.
    • (2012) J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich , vol.14 , Issue.4 , pp. 250-255
    • Lewis, L.M.1    Schoenthaler, A.M.2    Ogedegbe, G.3
  • 52
    • 84873414374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behavioral mechanisms, elevated depressive symptoms, and the risk for myocardial infarction or death in individuals with coronary heart disease: the REGARDS (reason for geographic and racial differences in stroke) study
    • PID: 23290548
    • Ye S, Muntner P, Shimbo D, Judd SE, Richman J, Davidson KW, et al. Behavioral mechanisms, elevated depressive symptoms, and the risk for myocardial infarction or death in individuals with coronary heart disease: the REGARDS (reason for geographic and racial differences in stroke) study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;61(6):622–30. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2012.09.058.
    • (2013) J Am Coll Cardio , vol.61 , Issue.6 , pp. 622-630
    • Ye, S.1    Muntner, P.2    Shimbo, D.3    Judd, S.E.4    Richman, J.5    Davidson, K.W.6
  • 53
    • 79959542946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences in admitting hospital characteristics for black and white medicare beneficiaries with acute myocardial infarction
    • PID: 21632492
    • Popescu I, Cram P, Vaughan-Sarrazin MS. Differences in admitting hospital characteristics for black and white medicare beneficiaries with acute myocardial infarction. Circulation. 2011;123(23):2710–6. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.973628.
    • (2011) Circulatio , vol.123 , Issue.23 , pp. 2710-2716
    • Popescu, I.1    Cram, P.2    Vaughan-Sarrazin, M.S.3
  • 54
    • 84897831077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Explaining racial disparities in outcomes after cardiac surgery: the role of hospital quality
    • PID: 24402245
    • Rangrass G, Ghaferi AA, Dimick JB. Explaining racial disparities in outcomes after cardiac surgery: the role of hospital quality. JAMA surg. 2014. doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2013.4041.
    • (2014) JAMA sur
    • Rangrass, G.1    Ghaferi, A.A.2    Dimick, J.B.3
  • 55
    • 79951699237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thirty-day readmission rates for medicare beneficiaries by race and site of care
    • PID: 21325183, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXit1amt7c%3D
    • Joynt KE, Orav EJ, Jha AK. Thirty-day readmission rates for medicare beneficiaries by race and site of care. JAMA. 2011;305(7):675–81. doi:10.1001/jama.2011.123.
    • (2011) JAM , vol.305 , Issue.7 , pp. 675-681
    • Joynt, K.E.1    Orav, E.J.2    Jha, A.K.3
  • 56
    • 84879262260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Black patients more likely than whites to undergo surgery at low-quality hospitals in segregated regions
    • Dimick J, Ruhter J, Sarrazin MV, Birkmeyer JD. Black patients more likely than whites to undergo surgery at low-quality hospitals in segregated regions. Health Aff (Millwood). 2013;32(6):1046–53. doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2011.1365.
    • (2013) Health Aff (Millwood , vol.32 , Issue.6 , pp. 1046-1053
    • Dimick, J.1    Ruhter, J.2    Sarrazin, M.V.3    Birkmeyer, J.D.4
  • 57
    • 79959554472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Race and timeliness of transfer for revascularization in patients with acute myocardial infarction
    • PID: 21677592
    • Cooke CR, Nallamothu B, Kahn JM, Birkmeyer JD, Iwashyna TJ. Race and timeliness of transfer for revascularization in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Med Care. 2011;49(7):662–7. doi:10.1097/MLR.0b013e31821d98b2.
    • (2011) Med Car , vol.49 , Issue.7 , pp. 662-667
    • Cooke, C.R.1    Nallamothu, B.2    Kahn, J.M.3    Birkmeyer, J.D.4    Iwashyna, T.J.5
  • 58
    • 78650164501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relation of race, ethnicity and cardiac surgeons to operative mortality rates in primary coronary artery bypass grafting in California
    • PID: 21146677
    • Castellanos LR, Li Z, Yeo KK, Young JN, Ayanian JZ, Amsterdam EA. Relation of race, ethnicity and cardiac surgeons to operative mortality rates in primary coronary artery bypass grafting in California. Am J Cardiol. 2011;107(1):1–5. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2010.08.036.
    • (2011) Am J Cardio , vol.107 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-5
    • Castellanos, L.R.1    Li, Z.2    Yeo, K.K.3    Young, J.N.4    Ayanian, J.Z.5    Amsterdam, E.A.6
  • 59
    • 84855982664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-quality, high-cost hospitals, mainly in south, care for sharply higher shares of elderly black, Hispanic, and medicaid patients
    • A retrospective study using multiple administrative claims databases that analyzed quality of care by site of care for white, black, and Hispanic populations. Hospitals that were low quality and high cost served a greater proportion of black patients
    • Jha AK, Orav EJ, Epstein AM. Low-quality, high-cost hospitals, mainly in south, care for sharply higher shares of elderly black, Hispanic, and medicaid patients. Health Aff (Millwood). 2011;30(10):1904–11. doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2011.0027. A retrospective study using multiple administrative claims databases that analyzed quality of care by site of care for white, black, and Hispanic populations. Hospitals that were low quality and high cost served a greater proportion of black patients.
    • (2011) Health Aff (Millwood , vol.30 , Issue.10 , pp. 1904-1911
    • Jha, A.K.1    Orav, E.J.2    Epstein, A.M.3
  • 60
    • 0035941514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adverse events associated with prescription drug cost-sharing among poor and elderly persons
    • PID: 11242426, COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3M7nvVKitA%3D%3D
    • Tamblyn R, Laprise R, Hanley JA, Abrahamowicz M, Scott S, Mayo N, et al. Adverse events associated with prescription drug cost-sharing among poor and elderly persons. JAMA. 2001;285(4):421–9.
    • (2001) JAM , vol.285 , Issue.4 , pp. 421-429
    • Tamblyn, R.1    Laprise, R.2    Hanley, J.A.3    Abrahamowicz, M.4    Scott, S.5    Mayo, N.6
  • 61
    • 0028151439 scopus 로고
    • Mortality in the uninsured compared with that in persons with public and private health insurance
    • PID: 7979836, COI: 1:STN:280:DyaK2M%2FntVKhsQ%3D%3D
    • Sorlie PD, Johnson NJ, Backlund E, Bradham DD. Mortality in the uninsured compared with that in persons with public and private health insurance. Arch Intern Med. 1994;154(21):2409–16.
    • (1994) Arch Intern Me , vol.154 , Issue.21 , pp. 2409-2416
    • Sorlie, P.D.1    Johnson, N.J.2    Backlund, E.3    Bradham, D.D.4
  • 62
    • 34250156394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of cardiovascular events and death–does insurance matter?
    • PID: 17372800
    • Fowler-Brown A, Corbie-Smith G, Garrett J, Lurie N. Risk of cardiovascular events and death–does insurance matter? J Gen Intern Med. 2007;22(4):502–7. doi:10.1007/s11606-007-0127-2.
    • (2007) J Gen Intern Me , vol.22 , Issue.4 , pp. 502-507
    • Fowler-Brown, A.1    Corbie-Smith, G.2    Garrett, J.3    Lurie, N.4
  • 63
    • 80054110355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Affordable care act reforms could reduce the number of underinsured US adults by 70 percent
    • Schoen C, Doty MM, Robertson RH, Collins SR. Affordable care act reforms could reduce the number of underinsured US adults by 70 percent. Health Aff (Millwood). 2011;30(9):1762–71. doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2011.0335.
    • (2011) Health Aff (Millwood , vol.30 , Issue.9 , pp. 1762-1771
    • Schoen, C.1    Doty, M.M.2    Robertson, R.H.3    Collins, S.R.4
  • 64
    • 84884247364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-socioeconomic-status enrollees in high-deductible plans reduced high-severity emergency care
    • Wharam JF, Zhang F, Landon BE, Soumerai SB, Ross-Degnan D. Low-socioeconomic-status enrollees in high-deductible plans reduced high-severity emergency care. Health Aff (Millwood). 2013;32(8):1398–406. doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2012.1426.
    • (2013) Health Aff (Millwood , vol.32 , Issue.8 , pp. 1398-1406
    • Wharam, J.F.1    Zhang, F.2    Landon, B.E.3    Soumerai, S.B.4    Ross-Degnan, D.5
  • 65
    • 0038656452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Receipt of preventive care among adults: insurance status and usual source of care
    • PID: 12721145
    • DeVoe JE, Fryer GE, Phillips R, Green L. Receipt of preventive care among adults: insurance status and usual source of care. Am J Public Health. 2003;93(5):786–91.
    • (2003) Am J Public Healt , vol.93 , Issue.5 , pp. 786-791
    • DeVoe, J.E.1    Fryer, G.E.2    Phillips, R.3    Green, L.4
  • 66
    • 84880629309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding why patients of low socioeconomic status prefer hospitals over ambulatory care
    • Kangovi S, Barg FK, Carter T, Long JA, Shannon R, Grande D. Understanding why patients of low socioeconomic status prefer hospitals over ambulatory care. Health Aff (Millwood). 2013;32(7):1196–203. doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2012.0825.
    • (2013) Health Aff (Millwood , vol.32 , Issue.7 , pp. 1196-1203
    • Kangovi, S.1    Barg, F.K.2    Carter, T.3    Long, J.A.4    Shannon, R.5    Grande, D.6
  • 67
    • 84939918279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kaiser Family Foundation. Overview of health coverage for individuals with limited English proficiency. 2012. Accessed April 3 2014
    • Kaiser Family Foundation. Overview of health coverage for individuals with limited English proficiency. 2012. http://kaiserfamilyfoundation.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/8343.pdf. Accessed April 3 2014.
  • 68
    • 3442892979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primary care physicians who treat blacks and whites
    • PID: 15295050, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXmtF2ru70%3D
    • Bach PB, Pham HH, Schrag D, Tate RC, Hargraves JL. Primary care physicians who treat blacks and whites. N Engl J Med. 2004;351(6):575–84. doi:10.1056/NEJMsa040609.
    • (2004) N Engl J Me , vol.351 , Issue.6 , pp. 575-584
    • Bach, P.B.1    Pham, H.H.2    Schrag, D.3    Tate, R.C.4    Hargraves, J.L.5
  • 69
    • 0037153027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Specialty of ambulatory care physicians and mortality among elderly patients after myocardial infarction
    • PID: 12444183
    • Ayanian JZ, Landrum MB, Guadagnoli E, Gaccione P. Specialty of ambulatory care physicians and mortality among elderly patients after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 2002;347(21):1678–86. doi:10.1056/NEJMsa020080.
    • (2002) N Engl J Me , vol.347 , Issue.21 , pp. 1678-1686
    • Ayanian, J.Z.1    Landrum, M.B.2    Guadagnoli, E.3    Gaccione, P.4
  • 70
    • 15244345052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial and ethnic disparities in care: the perspectives of cardiologists
    • PID: 15769767
    • Lurie N, Fremont A, Jain AK, Taylor SL, McLaughlin R, Peterson E, et al. Racial and ethnic disparities in care: the perspectives of cardiologists. Circulation. 2005;111(10):1264–9. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000157738.12783.71.
    • (2005) Circulatio , vol.111 , Issue.10 , pp. 1264-1269
    • Lurie, N.1    Fremont, A.2    Jain, A.K.3    Taylor, S.L.4    McLaughlin, R.5    Peterson, E.6
  • 71
    • 80051543729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Addressing racial healthcare disparities: how can we shift the focus from patients to providers?
    • PID: 21647749
    • Burgess DJ. Addressing racial healthcare disparities: how can we shift the focus from patients to providers? J Gen Intern Med. 2011;26(8):828–30. doi:10.1007/s11606-011-1748-z.
    • (2011) J Gen Intern Me , vol.26 , Issue.8 , pp. 828-830
    • Burgess, D.J.1
  • 72
    • 84855590594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Where health disparities begin: the role of social and economic determinants–and why current policies may make matters worse
    • Woolf SH, Braveman P. Where health disparities begin: the role of social and economic determinants–and why current policies may make matters worse. Health Aff (Millwood). 2011;30(10):1852–9. doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2011.0685.
    • (2011) Health Aff (Millwood , vol.30 , Issue.10 , pp. 1852-1859
    • Woolf, S.H.1    Braveman, P.2
  • 74
    • 84855998635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How cumulative risks warrant a shift in our approach to racial health disparities: the case of lead, stress, and hypertension
    • Hicken M, Gragg R, Hu H. How cumulative risks warrant a shift in our approach to racial health disparities: the case of lead, stress, and hypertension. Health Aff (Millwood). 2011;30(10):1895–901. doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2010.1241.
    • (2011) Health Aff (Millwood , vol.30 , Issue.10 , pp. 1895-1901
    • Hicken, M.1    Gragg, R.2    Hu, H.3
  • 75
    • 0034694858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Marital stress worsens prognosis in women with coronary heart disease: the Stockholm Female Coronary Risk Study
    • PID: 11122587, COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3M%2FotVKjug%3D%3D
    • Orth-Gomer K, Wamala SP, Horsten M, Schenck-Gustafsson K, Schneiderman N, Mittleman MA. Marital stress worsens prognosis in women with coronary heart disease: the Stockholm Female Coronary Risk Study. JAMA. 2000;284(23):3008–14.
    • (2000) JAM , vol.284 , Issue.23 , pp. 3008-3014
    • Orth-Gomer, K.1    Wamala, S.P.2    Horsten, M.3    Schenck-Gustafsson, K.4    Schneiderman, N.5    Mittleman, M.A.6
  • 76
    • 0037137061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Work stress and risk of cardiovascular mortality: prospective cohort study of industrial employees
    • PID: 12386034
    • Kivimaki M, Leino-Arjas P, Luukkonen R, Riihimaki H, Vahtera J, Kirjonen J. Work stress and risk of cardiovascular mortality: prospective cohort study of industrial employees. BMJ. 2002;325(7369):857.
    • (2002) BM , vol.325 , Issue.7369 , pp. 857
    • Kivimaki, M.1    Leino-Arjas, P.2    Luukkonen, R.3    Riihimaki, H.4    Vahtera, J.5    Kirjonen, J.6
  • 77
    • 12244268602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Caregiving and risk of coronary heart disease in U.S. women: a prospective study
    • PID: 12568816
    • Lee S, Colditz GA, Berkman LF, Kawachi I. Caregiving and risk of coronary heart disease in U.S. women: a prospective study. Am J Prev Med. 2003;24(2):113–9.
    • (2003) Am J Prev Me , vol.24 , Issue.2 , pp. 113-119
    • Lee, S.1    Colditz, G.A.2    Berkman, L.F.3    Kawachi, I.4
  • 78
    • 84896414796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perceived stress is associated with incident coronary heart disease and all-cause mortality in low- but not high-income participants in the reasons for geographic and racial differences in stroke study
    • Redmond N, Richman J, Gamboa CM, Albert MA, Sims M, Durant RW, et al. Perceived stress is associated with incident coronary heart disease and all-cause mortality in low- but not high-income participants in the reasons for geographic and racial differences in stroke study. J of the Am Heart Assoc. 2013;2(6):e000447. doi:10.1161/JAHA.113.000447.
    • (2013) J of the Am Heart Asso , vol.2 , Issue.6 , pp. e000447
    • Redmond, N.1    Richman, J.2    Gamboa, C.M.3    Albert, M.A.4    Sims, M.5    Durant, R.W.6
  • 79
    • 34548670283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cardiovascular toll of stress
    • PID: 17822755
    • Brotman DJ, Golden SH, Wittstein IS. The cardiovascular toll of stress. Lancet. 2007;370(9592):1089–100. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61305-1.
    • (2007) Lance , vol.370 , Issue.9592 , pp. 1089-1100
    • Brotman, D.J.1    Golden, S.H.2    Wittstein, I.S.3
  • 81
    • 58249106480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discrimination and racial disparities in health: evidence and needed research
    • PID: 19030981
    • Williams DR, Mohammed SA. Discrimination and racial disparities in health: evidence and needed research. J Behav Med. 2009;32(1):20–47. doi:10.1007/s10865-008-9185-0.
    • (2009) J Behav Me , vol.32 , Issue.1 , pp. 20-47
    • Williams, D.R.1    Mohammed, S.A.2
  • 82
    • 33747886542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relation between perceived unfair treatment and blood pressure in a racially/ethnically diverse sample of women
    • PID: 16777930
    • Brown C, Matthews KA, Bromberger JT, Chang Y. The relation between perceived unfair treatment and blood pressure in a racially/ethnically diverse sample of women. Am J Epidemiol. 2006;164(3):257–62. doi:10.1093/aje/kwj196.
    • (2006) Am J Epidemio , vol.164 , Issue.3 , pp. 257-262
    • Brown, C.1    Matthews, K.A.2    Bromberger, J.T.3    Chang, Y.4
  • 83
    • 84864474488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A roadmap and best practices for organizations to reduce racial and ethnic disparities in health care
    • PID: 22798211
    • Chin MH, Clarke AR, Nocon RS, Casey AA, Goddu AP, Keesecker NM, et al. A roadmap and best practices for organizations to reduce racial and ethnic disparities in health care. J Gen Intern Med. 2012;27(8):992–1000. doi:10.1007/s11606-012-2082-9.
    • (2012) J Gen Intern Me , vol.27 , Issue.8 , pp. 992-1000
    • Chin, M.H.1    Clarke, A.R.2    Nocon, R.S.3    Casey, A.A.4    Goddu, A.P.5    Keesecker, N.M.6
  • 84
    • 34648831043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular health disparities: a systematic review of health care interventions
    • PID: 17881625
    • Davis AM, Vinci LM, Okwuosa TM, Chase AR, Huang ES. Cardiovascular health disparities: a systematic review of health care interventions. Med care res and rev: MCRR. 2007;64(5 Suppl):29S–100S. doi:10.1177/1077558707305416.
    • (2007) Med care res and rev : MCR , vol.64 , Issue.5 , pp. 29S-100S
    • Davis, A.M.1    Vinci, L.M.2    Okwuosa, T.M.3    Chase, A.R.4    Huang, E.S.5
  • 85
    • 34447121251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pay for performance, public reporting, and racial disparities in health care: how are programs being designed?
    • PID: 17881629
    • Chien AT, Chin MH, Davis AM, Casalino LP. Pay for performance, public reporting, and racial disparities in health care: how are programs being designed? Med care res and rev: MCRR. 2007;64(5 Suppl):283S–304S. doi:10.1177/1077558707305426.
    • (2007) Med care res and rev : MCR , vol.64 , Issue.5 , pp. 283S-304S
    • Chien, A.T.1    Chin, M.H.2    Davis, A.M.3    Casalino, L.P.4
  • 86
    • 15244345820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial profiling: the unintended consequences of coronary artery bypass graft report cards
    • PID: 15769766
    • Werner RM, Asch DA, Polsky D. Racial profiling: the unintended consequences of coronary artery bypass graft report cards. Circulation. 2005;111(10):1257–63. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000157729.59754.09.
    • (2005) Circulatio , vol.111 , Issue.10 , pp. 1257-1263
    • Werner, R.M.1    Asch, D.A.2    Polsky, D.3
  • 87
    • 84890895177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Will value-based purchasing increase disparities in care?
    • PID: 24369072, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXhslKlt70%3D
    • Ryan AM. Will value-based purchasing increase disparities in care? N Engl J Med. 2013;369(26):2472–4. doi:10.1056/NEJMp1312654.
    • (2013) N Engl J Me , vol.369 , Issue.26 , pp. 2472-2474
    • Ryan, A.M.1
  • 88
    • 0035313265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved treatment of coronary heart disease by implementation of a cardiac hospitalization atherosclerosis management program (CHAMP)
    • PID: 11274933, COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BD38%2FgslCqtw%3D%3D
    • Fonarow GC, Gawlinski A, Moughrabi S, Tillisch JH. Improved treatment of coronary heart disease by implementation of a cardiac hospitalization atherosclerosis management program (CHAMP). Am J Cardiol. 2001;87(7):819–22.
    • (2001) Am J Cardio , vol.87 , Issue.7 , pp. 819-822
    • Fonarow, G.C.1    Gawlinski, A.2    Moughrabi, S.3    Tillisch, J.H.4
  • 89
    • 84890122916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship of race/ethnicity with door-to-balloon time and mortality in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-elevation myocardial infarction: findings from Get with the Guidelines-Coronary Artery Disease
    • PID: 24085713
    • Cavender MA, Rassi AN, Fonarow GC, Cannon CP, Peacock WF, Laskey WK, et al. Relationship of race/ethnicity with door-to-balloon time and mortality in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-elevation myocardial infarction: findings from Get with the Guidelines-Coronary Artery Disease. Clin Cardiol. 2013;36(12):749–56. doi:10.1002/clc.22213.
    • (2013) Clin Cardio , vol.36 , Issue.12 , pp. 749-756
    • Cavender, M.A.1    Rassi, A.N.2    Fonarow, G.C.3    Cannon, C.P.4    Peacock, W.F.5    Laskey, W.K.6
  • 90
    • 84860830644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Get with the guidelines program participation, process of care, and outcome for medicare patients hospitalized with heart failure
    • Heidenreich PA, Hernandez AF, Yancy CW, Liang L, Peterson ED, Fonarow GC. Get with the guidelines program participation, process of care, and outcome for medicare patients hospitalized with heart failure. Circ Cardiovasc qual and outcomes. 2012;5(1):37–43. doi:10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.110.959122.
    • (2012) Circ Cardiovasc qual and outcome , vol.5 , Issue.1 , pp. 37-43
    • Heidenreich, P.A.1    Hernandez, A.F.2    Yancy, C.W.3    Liang, L.4    Peterson, E.D.5    Fonarow, G.C.6
  • 91
    • 84939918280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kaiser Family Foundation. Health coverage by race and ethnicity: the potential impact of the Affordable Care Act. 2013. Accessed April 4 2014
    • Kaiser Family Foundation. Health coverage by race and ethnicity: the potential impact of the Affordable Care Act. 2013. http://kaiserfamilyfoundation.files.wordpress.com/2013/04/8423.pdf. Accessed April 4 2014.
  • 92
    • 84939918281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kaiser Family Foundation. The impact of the coverage gap in states not expanding Medicaid by race and ethnicity. 2013. Accessed April 3 2014
    • Kaiser Family Foundation. The impact of the coverage gap in states not expanding Medicaid by race and ethnicity. 2013. http://kff.org/disparities-policy/issue-brief/the-impact-of-the-coverage-gap-in-states-not-expanding-medicaid-by-race-and-ethnicity/. Accessed April 3 2014.
  • 93
    • 82555196119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Full coverage for preventive medications after myocardial infarction
    • PID: 22080794, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhs1Sku73E
    • Choudhry NK, Avorn J, Glynn RJ, Antman EM, Schneeweiss S, Toscano M, et al. Full coverage for preventive medications after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 2011;365(22):2088–97. doi:10.1056/NEJMsa1107913.
    • (2011) N Engl J Me , vol.365 , Issue.22 , pp. 2088-2097
    • Choudhry, N.K.1    Avorn, J.2    Glynn, R.J.3    Antman, E.M.4    Schneeweiss, S.5    Toscano, M.6
  • 94
    • 84899851474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eliminating medication copayments reduces disparities in cardiovascular care
    • Choudhry NK, Bykov K, Shrank WH, Toscano M, Rawlins WS, Reisman L, et al. Eliminating medication copayments reduces disparities in cardiovascular care. Health Aff (Millwood). 2014;33(5):863–70. doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2013.0654.
    • (2014) Health Aff (Millwood , vol.33 , Issue.5 , pp. 863-870
    • Choudhry, N.K.1    Bykov, K.2    Shrank, W.H.3    Toscano, M.4    Rawlins, W.S.5    Reisman, L.6
  • 95
    • 84883799495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Encouraging value-based insurance designs in state health insurance exchanges
    • Buttorff C, Tunis SR, Weiner JP. Encouraging value-based insurance designs in state health insurance exchanges. The Am j of manag care. 2013;19(7):593–600.
    • (2013) The Am j of manag car , vol.19 , Issue.7 , pp. 593-600
    • Buttorff, C.1    Tunis, S.R.2    Weiner, J.P.3
  • 96
    • 79960969699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Home blood pressure management and improved blood pressure control: results from a randomized controlled trial
    • PID: 21747013
    • Bosworth HB, Powers BJ, Olsen MK, McCant F, Grubber J, Smith V, et al. Home blood pressure management and improved blood pressure control: results from a randomized controlled trial. Arch Intern Med. 2011;171(13):1173–80. doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2011.276.
    • (2011) Arch Intern Me , vol.171 , Issue.13 , pp. 1173-1180
    • Bosworth, H.B.1    Powers, B.J.2    Olsen, M.K.3    McCant, F.4    Grubber, J.5    Smith, V.6
  • 97
    • 85027958998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial differences in the effect of a telephone-delivered hypertension disease management program
    • PID: 22865016
    • Jackson GL, Oddone EZ, Olsen MK, Powers BJ, Grubber JM, McCant F, et al. Racial differences in the effect of a telephone-delivered hypertension disease management program. J Gen Intern Med. 2012;27(12):1682–9. doi:10.1007/s11606-012-2138-x.
    • (2012) J Gen Intern Me , vol.27 , Issue.12 , pp. 1682-1689
    • Jackson, G.L.1    Oddone, E.Z.2    Olsen, M.K.3    Powers, B.J.4    Grubber, J.M.5    McCant, F.6
  • 98
    • 80755128439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized trial to improve patient-centered care and hypertension control in underserved primary care patients
    • PID: 21732195
    • Cooper LA, Roter DL, Carson KA, Bone LR, Larson SM, Miller 3rd ER, et al. A randomized trial to improve patient-centered care and hypertension control in underserved primary care patients. J Gen Intern Med. 2011;26(11):1297–304. doi:10.1007/s11606-011-1794-6.
    • (2011) J Gen Intern Me , vol.26 , Issue.11 , pp. 1297-1304
    • Cooper, L.A.1    Roter, D.L.2    Carson, K.A.3    Bone, L.R.4    Larson, S.M.5    Miller, E.R.6
  • 99
    • 84866947744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized trial of peer coach and office staff support to reduce coronary heart disease risk in African-Americans with uncontrolled hypertension
    • PID: 22570108
    • Turner BJ, Hollenbeak CS, Liang Y, Pandit K, Joseph S, Weiner MG. A randomized trial of peer coach and office staff support to reduce coronary heart disease risk in African-Americans with uncontrolled hypertension. J Gen Intern Med. 2012;27(10):1258–64. doi:10.1007/s11606-012-2095-4.
    • (2012) J Gen Intern Me , vol.27 , Issue.10 , pp. 1258-1264
    • Turner, B.J.1    Hollenbeak, C.S.2    Liang, Y.3    Pandit, K.4    Joseph, S.5    Weiner, M.G.6
  • 100
    • 0034840112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Project Joy: faith based cardiovascular health promotion for African American women
    • PID: 11889276
    • Yanek LR, Becker DM, Moy TF, Gittelsohn J, Koffman DM. Project Joy: faith based cardiovascular health promotion for African American women. Public Health Rep. 2001;116 Suppl 1:68–81.
    • (2001) Public Health Re , vol.116 , pp. 68-81
    • Yanek, L.R.1    Becker, D.M.2    Moy, T.F.3    Gittelsohn, J.4    Koffman, D.M.5
  • 101
    • 79952222749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of a barber-based intervention for improving hypertension control in black men: the BARBER-1 study: a cluster randomized trial
    • PID: 20975012
    • Victor RG, Ravenell JE, Freeman A, Leonard D, Bhat DG, Shafiq M, et al. Effectiveness of a barber-based intervention for improving hypertension control in black men: the BARBER-1 study: a cluster randomized trial. Arch Intern Med. 2011;171(4):342–50. doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2010.390.
    • (2011) Arch Intern Me , vol.171 , Issue.4 , pp. 342-350
    • Victor, R.G.1    Ravenell, J.E.2    Freeman, A.3    Leonard, D.4    Bhat, D.G.5    Shafiq, M.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.