Literacy and globalization: Reading and writing in times of social and cultural change

Literacy and Globalization: Reading and Writing in Times of Social and Cultural Change

Volumn , Issue , 2006, Pages 1-213

  Papen, Uta ^a  

^a LANCASTER UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84905879355     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9780203016084     Document Type: Book

References (252)

1. Agar , M. (1999) The Professional Stranger, 3rd edn, New York: Academic Press.
2. Albers , P. and James , W. (1983) 'Tourism and the changing image of the Great Lake Indians', Annals of Tourism Research, 10: 128-148.
3. Alexander , K. (2000) 'Writing up/writing down: literate practices in a mental boarding home', Literacy and Numeracy Studies, 10 (1&2): 23-38.
4. Appadurai , A. (1996) Modernity at Large: Cultural Dimensions of Globalization, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
5. Appleby , Y. and Hamilton , M. (2005) 'Literacy as social practice: travelling between the everyday and other forms of learning', in P. Sutherland and J. Crowther (eds) Lifelong Learning: Concepts and Contexts, London: Routledge.
6. Archer , D. (2002) REFLECT: Beyond Literacy to Communication, London: ActionAid.
7. Archer , D. and Cottingham , S. (1996) REFLECT Mother Manual, London: ActionAid.
8. Ashley , C. (1995) Tourism, Communities, and the Potential Impacts on Local Incomes and Conservation, Research Discussion Paper No. 10, Windhoek: Ministry of Environment and Tourism.
9. Ashley , C. (1998) 'Tourism, communities and national policy: Namibia's experience', Development Policy Review, 16: 323-352.
10. Attwood , G. , Castle , J. and Smythe , S. (2004) '"Women are lions in dresses": negotiating gender relations in REFLECT learning circles in Lesotho', in A. Robinson-Pant (ed.) Women, Literacy and Development, London and New York: Routledge.
11. Baker , D. A. and Street , B. V. (1996) 'Literacy and Numeracy Models', in The International Encyclopaedia of Adult Education and Training, Oxford: Elsevier Science: 79-85.
12. Barton , D. (1994) Literacy: An Introduction to the Ecology of Written Language, London: Blackwell.
13. Barton , D. (2001) 'Directions for literacy research: analysing language and social practices in a textually mediated world', Language and Education, 15 (2&3): 92-105.
14. Barton , D. and Hall , N. (1999) 'Introduction', in D. Barton and N. Hall (eds) Letter Writing as a Social Practice, Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
15. Barton , D. and Hamilton , M. (1998) Local Literacies: Reading and Writing in One Community, London and New York: Routledge.
16. Barton , D. and Hamilton , M. (2000) 'Literacy practices', in D. Barton , M. Hamilton and R. Ivanic (eds) Situated Literacies: Reading and Writing in Context, London and New York: Routledge.
17. Barton , D. and Hamilton , M. (2005) 'Literacy, reification and the dynamics of social interaction', in D. Barton and K. Tusting (eds) Beyond Communities of Practice, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
18. Barton , D. and Tusting , K. (eds) (2005) Beyond Communities of Practice, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
19. Bauer , G. (1998) Labour and Democracy in Namibia, 1971-1996, Athens, Ohio and London: Ohio University Press and James Currey.
20. Bauer , P. (2003) Grenzen und Möglichkeiten einer ökotouristischen Entwicklung in Namibia, Aachen: Wissenschaftsverlag Mainz in Aachen.
21. Baynham , M. (1993) 'Code switching and mode switching: community interpreters and mediators of literacy', in B. V. Street (ed.) Cross-Cultural Approaches to Literacy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
22. Baynham , M. (1995) Literacy Practices: Investigating Literacy in Social Contexts, London and New York: Longman.
23. Baynham , M. and Masing , H. L. (2000) 'Mediators and mediation in multilingual literacy events', in M. Martin-Jones and K. Jones (eds) Multilingual Literacies: Reading and Writing Different Worlds, Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
24. Belfiore , M. E. (2004) 'Literacies, compliance and certification', in M. E. Belfiore , T. A. Defoe , S. Folinsbee , J. Hunter , and N. S. Jackson (2004) Reading Work: Literacies in the New Workplace, Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
25. Belfiore , M. E. , Defoe , T. A. , Folinsbee , S. , Hunter , J. and Jackson , N. S. (2004) Reading Work: Literacies in the New Workplace, Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
26. Besnier , N. (1999) 'Literacy', in A. Duranti (ed.) Key Terms in Language and Culture, London: Blackwell Publishers.
27. Betts , J. (2004) 'Creating the gender text: literacy and discourse in rural El Salvador', in A. Robinson-Pant (ed.) Women, Literacy and Development, London: Routledge.
28. Bhola , H. (1995) The National Literacy Program in Namibia (NLPN): A Policy Analysis and Program Evaluation, Windhoek: Ministry of Basic Education and Culture, SIDA and UNICEF.
29. Bloome , D. and Greene , J. (1997) 'Ethnography and ethnographers of and in education: a situated perspective', in J. Flood , S. B. Heath and D. Lapp (eds) Handbook of Research on Teaching Literacy through the Communicative and Visual Arts, New York: Macmillan.
30. Blommaert , J (2001) 'The other side of history: grassroots literacy and autobiography in Shaba, Congo, General Linguistics 38(1): 133-155.
31. Blommaert , J (2003)'Writing as a problem: African grassroots writing, economies of literacy, and globalization', Language in Society 33: 643-671.
32. Blommaert , J (2004) 'Commentary: a sociolinguistics of globalization', Journal of Sociolinguistics 7 (4): 607-623.
33. Blommaert , J. , Collins , J. , Heller , M. , Rampton , B. , Slembrouck , S. and Verschueren , J. (2003) 'Ethnography, discourse and hegemony. Theme issue: ethnography of hegemony', Pragmatics 13 (1): 1-10.
34. Bolles , L. A. (1997) 'Women as a category of analysis in scholarship on tourism: Jamaican women and tourism employment', in E. Chambers (ed.) Tourism and Culture: An Applied Perspective, Albany: State University New York Press.
35. Bourdieu , P. (1984) Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
36. Brandt , D. and Clinton , K. (2002) 'Limits of the local: expanding perspectives on literacy as a social practice', Journal of Literacy Research 34 (3): 337-356.
37. Breier , M. (1994) Living without 'Gelerendheid': a study of the discourses and literacy practices of literacy class learners and 'resisters' in Ocean View, unpublished thesis, University of Cape Town, Faculty of Education.
38. Breier , M. (1997) 'Literacy strategies among unschooled workers', in S. Walters (ed.) Globalisation, Adult Education and Training: Impacts and Issues, London: Zed Books.
39. Breier , M. , Taetsane , M. and Sait , L. (1996) 'Taking literacy for a ride: reading and writing in the taxi industry', in M. Prinsloo and M. Breier (eds) The Social Uses of Literacy, Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
40. Brohman . J. (1996) 'New directions in tourism for Third World development', Annals of Tourism Research 23 (1): 48-70.
41. Burns , P. M. (1999) An Introduction to Tourism and Anthropology, London: Routledge.
42. Butzin , B. , Dwors , V. , Metz , M. and Moelle , Th. (1998) 'Tourismus als Gegenstand einer landeskundlichen Bildungsveranstaltung - das Beispiel Namibia', in Institut für Internationale Zusammenarbeit des Deutschen Hochschulverbands (IZZ/DVV) (ed.) Entwicklungsbezogene Länderkunde. Didaktisch-methodische Impulse am Beispielland Namibia, Bonn: IZZ/DVV.
43. Castleton , G. (2000) 'Workplace literacy: examining the virtual and virtuous realities in (e)merging discourses on work', Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education 21 (1): 91-104.
44. Castleton , G. (2002) 'Workplace literacy as a contested site of educational activity', Journal of Adolescent and Adult Literacy 45 (7): 556-566.
45. Certeau de , Michel (1988) The Practice of Everyday Life, Berkeley: University of California Press.
46. Chambers , E. (1997) (ed.) Tourism and Culture: An Applied Perspective, Albany: State University New York Press.
47. Chambers , E. (2000) Native Tours: The Anthropology of Travel and Tourism, Prospect Heights, Illinois: Waveland Press.
48. China , A. and Robins , S. (1996) '"We can all sing but we can't talk": literacy brokers and tsotsi gangsters in a Cape Town Shantytown', in M. Prinsloo and M. Breier (eds) The Social Uses of Literacy, Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
49. Clifford , J. and Marcus , G. E. (eds) (1986) Writing Culture: The Politics and Poetics of Ethnography, Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
50. Collins , J. and Blot , R. (2003) Literacy and Literacies: Texts, Power and Identity, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
51. Collins , J. and Slembrouck , S. (2004) '"You don't know what they translate": Language contact, institutional procedure, and literacy practice in neighbourhood health clinics in urban Flanders.' Working Papers on Language, Power and Identity, Albany, Antwerp, Gent, London, Toronto, http://bank.rug.ac.be/lpi/
52. Crick , M. (1989) 'Representations of international tourism in the social sciences', Annual Review of Anthropology, 18: 307-344.
53. Crick , M. (1994) Resplendent Sites, Discordant Voices: Sri Lanka and International Tourism, Chur: Harwood Academic Publishers.
54. Crowther , J. , Hamilton , M. and Tett , L. (eds) (2001) Powerful Literacies, Leicester: National Institute of Adult Continuing Education (NIACE).
55. Crush , J. (1995) (ed.) Power of Development, London and New York: Routledge.
56. Dahles , H. (1999) 'Small business in the Indonesian tourism industry: entrepreneurship or employment?', in H. Dahles and K. Bras (eds) Tourism and Small Entrepreneurs. Development, National Policy and Entrepreneurial Culture: Indonesian Cases, New York, Sydney and Tokyo: Cognizant Communication Corporation.
57. Dahles , H. and Bras , K. (eds) (1999) Tourism and Small Entrepreneurs. Development, National Policy and Entrepreneurial Culture: Indonesian Cases, New York, Sydney and Tokyo: Cognizant Communication Corporation.
58. Dann , G. M. S. (1996) The Language of Tourism: A Sociolinguistic Perspective, Oxford: Cab International.
59. Davidson , P. (1998) 'Museums and the reshaping of memory', in S. Nuttall and C. Coetzee (eds) Negotiating the Past: The Making of Memory in South Africa, Cape Town: Oxford University Press.
60. Davies , C. A. (1999) Reflexive Ethnography, London: Routledge.
61. De Kadt , E. (ed.) (1979) Tourism: Passport to Development? Oxford: Oxford University Press.
62. Dobell , L. (1998) Swapo's Struggle for Namibia, 1960-1991: War by Other Means, Basel, Switzerland: Schlettwein Publishing (Basel Namibia Studies Series 3).
63. Dray , S. and Papen , U. (2004) 'Literacy and health: towards a methodology for investigating patients' participation in healthcare', Journal of Applied Linguistics, 1 (3).
64. Duggan , B. J. (1997) 'Tourism, cultural authenticity, and the native crafts cooperative: the eastern Cherokee experience', in E. Chambers (ed.) Tourism and Culture: an Applied Perspective, Albany: State University New York Press.
65. Dyer , C. and Chokri , A. (2001) 'Literacy, schooling and development: views of Rabari nomads, India', in B. V. Street (ed.) Literacy and Development: Ethnographic Perspectives, London and New York: Routledge.
66. Ellis , J. (1984) Education, Repression and Liberalisation, London: WUS.
67. Emmison , M. and Smith , P. (2000) Researching the Visual: Images, Objects, Contexts and Interactions in Social and Cultural Inquiry, London: Sage.
68. Escobar , A. (1995) Encountering Development: The Making and Unmaking of the Third World, Princeton: Princeton University Press.
69. Fairclough , N. (ed.) (1992) Critical Language Awareness, London: Longman.
70. Fairclough , N. (2001) Critical Discourse Analysis, 2nd edn, London and New York: Longman.
71. Fairclough , N. (2003) Analysing Discourse: Text Analysis for Social Research, London: Routledge.
72. Fawns , M. and Ivanic , R. (2001) 'Form-filling as a social practice: taking power into our own hands', in J. Crowther , M. Hamilton and L. Tett (eds) Powerful Literacies, Leicester: NIACE.
73. Ferguson , J. (1990) The Anti-Politics Machine: 'Development', Depoliticisation and Bureaucratic Power in Lesotho, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
74. Fiedrich , M. (2004) 'Functional participation?' in A. Robinson-Pant (ed.) Women, Literacy and Development, London: Routledge.
75. Fingeret , A. (1983) 'Social network: a new perspective on independence and illiterate adults', Adult Education Quarterly, 23 (3): 133-134.
76. Finnegan , R. (1992) Oral Traditions and the Verbal Arts: A Guide to Research Practices, London: Routledge.
77. Foucault , M. (1972) The Archaeology of Knowledge, London and New York: Routledge, reprinted 1997.
78. Foucault , M. (1977) Discipline and Punish, London: Penguin.
79. Foucault , M. (1980) Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings, 1972-77, edited by C. Gordon , New York, London: Prentice Hall.
80. Foucault , M. (1982) 'The subject and power', in H. L. Dreyfuss and P. Rabinow (eds) Michel Foucault: Beyond Structuralism and Hermeneutics, Brighton: Harvester Press.
81. Foucault , M. (1988a) 'On power', in L. D. Kritzman (ed.) Politics, Philosophy, Culture: Interviews and Other Writings 1977-1984, London, New York: Routledge.
82. Foucault , M. (1988b) 'Technologies of the self', in L. H. Martin , H. Gutman and P. H. Hutton (eds) Technologies of the Self: A Seminar with Michel Foucault, Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press.
83. Frayne , B. (1992) Urbanisation in Post-Independence Windhoek (with Special Emphasis on Katutura), Windhoek: Namibian Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of Namibia, Research Report No. 6.
84. Freedman , J. (2002) 'Globalization and localization', in J. X. Inda and R. Rosaldo (eds) The Anthropology of Globalization, London: Blackwell; reprinted from J. Freedman (1994) Cultural Identity and Global Processes, London: Sage.
85. Gardner , K. and Lewis , D. (1996) Anthropology, Development and the Post-Modern Challenge, London and Chicago: Pluto Press.
86. Gee , J. P. (1996) Social Linguistics and Literacies, 2nd edn, London: Taylor and Francis.
87. Gee , J. P. (1999a) An Introduction to Discourse Analysis, London and New York: Routledge.
88. Gee , J. P. (1999b) 'The New Literacy Studies: from "socially situated" to the work of the social', in D. Barton , M. Hamilton and R. Ivanic (eds) Situated Literacies: Reading and Writing in Context, London: Routledge.
89. Gee , J. P. (2003) What Videogames Have to Teach us about Learning and Literacy, New York: Palgrave/Macmillan.
90. Gee , J. P. (2004) Situated Language and Learning: A Critique of Traditional Schooling, London: Routledge.
91. Gee , J. P. (2005) 'Semiotic social spaces and affinity spaces: from The Age of Mythology to today's schools', in D. Barton and K. Tusting (eds) Beyond Communities of Practice, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
92. Gee , J. P. and Lanksheer , C. (1997) 'Language, literacy and the New Work Order', in C. Lanksheer Changing Literacies, Buckingham, Philadelphia: Open University Press.
93. Gee , J. P. , Hull , G. and Lanksheer , C. (1996) The New Work Order: Behind the Language of Capitalism, Boulder, Colorado: Westview.
94. Giddens , A. (1992) The Consequences of Modernity, Oxford: Blackwell.
95. Gore , J. M. (1998) 'Disciplining bodies: on the continuity of power relations in pedagogy', in T. S. Popkewitz and M. Brennan (eds) Foucault's Challenge: Discourse, Knowledge and Power in Education, New York: Teachers College Press.
96. Government of Namibia http://www.gov.na/Nav_frames/Nutshell_launch.htm (accessed 30 October 2005 ).
97. Greenwood , D. (1989) 'Culture by the pound: an anthropological perspective on tourism as cultural commodization', in Smith , V. L. (ed.) Hosts and Guests: The Anthropology of Tourism, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
98. Gretschel , H.-V. (1999) 'L'éducation post-apartheid en devenir', in I. Diener and O. Graefe (eds) La Namibie Contemporaine, Paris: Editions UNESCO/Karthala.
99. Gronemeyer , R. and Rompel , M. (2003) 'AIDS, Politik und Kultur', in H. Melber (ed.) Namibia - Grenzen nachkolonialer Emanzipation, Frankfurt am Main: Brandes & Apsel.
100. Gumperz , J. J. (1982) Discourse Strategies, London: Cambridge University Press.
101. Habermas , J. (1988) Theorie des kommunikativen Handelns. Erster und Zweiter Band (Volumes 1 and 2), Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp.
102. Halbach , A. J. (2000) Namibia: Wirtschaft, Politik, Gesellschaft nach zehn Jahren Unabhängigkeit, Windhoek: Namibia Wissenschaftliche Gesellschaft.
103. Hamilton , M. (1996) 'Adult literacy and basic education', in R. Fieldhouse (ed.) A History of Modern British Adult Education, Leicester: NIACE.
104. Hamilton , M. (2000) 'Expanding the New Literacy Studies: using photographs to explore literacy as social practice', in D. Barton , M. Hamilton and R. Ivanic (eds) Situated Literacies: Reading and Writing in Context, London: Routledge.
105. Hammersley , M. and Atkinson , P. (1995) Ethnography: Principles in Practice, 2nd edn, London: Routledge.
106. Hannerz , U. (1991) 'Scenarios for peripheral cultures', in A. D. King (ed.) Culture, Globalization and the World System, New York: State University of New York
107. Hansohm , D. (2000) 'Macro-economic framework', in H. Melber (ed.) Namibia: A Decade of Independence. 1990-2000. Windhoek: The Namibian Economic Policy Research Unit (NEPRU).
108. Harlech-Jones , B. (1990) The Implementation of English as a Medium of Instruction in Namibia, Cape Town: Oxford University Press.
109. Harlech-Jones , B. (1995) 'Language policy and language planning in Namibia', in M. Puetz (ed.) Discrimination through Language in Africa? Perspectives on the Namibian Experience, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
110. Heath , S. B. (1982) 'What no bedtime story means: narrative skills at home and school', Language and Society, 11: 49-76.
111. Heller , M. (2003) 'Globalization, the new economy, and the commodification of language and identity', Journal of Sociolinguistics, 7 (4): 473-493.
112. Hitchcock , R. K. (1997) 'Cultural, economic and environmental impacts of tourism among Kalahari Bushmen', in E. Chambers (ed.) Tourism and Culture: An Applied Perspective, Albany: State University New York Press.
113. Hoff and Overgaard (1993) Namibia Tourism Development Study, Windhoek: Ministry of Wildlife, Conservation and Tourism.
114. Hull , G. (1995) 'Controlling literacy: the place of skills in "high performance" work', Critical Forum, 3 (2/3): 3-26.
115. Hull , G. (1997) Changing Work, Changing Workers: Critical Perspectives on Language, Literacy, and Skills, Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
116. Hyland , K. (2002) Teaching and Researching Writing, London: Longman.
117. Iedema , R. (1997) 'The language of administration: organising human activity in formal institutions', in F. Christie and J. R. Martin (eds) Genre and Institutions: Social Processes in the Workplace and School, London and New York: Continuum.
118. Institute for Public Policy Research, Windhoek, Namibia, http://www.ippr.org.na (accessed 30.10.05 ).
119. Jackson , N. (2004) 'Introduction: reading work', in M. E. Belfiore , T. A. Defoe , S. Folinsbee , J. Hunter and N. S. Jackson , Reading Work: Literacies in the New Workplace, Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
120. James , A. , Hockey , J. and Dawson , A. (eds) (1997) After Writing Culture: Epistemology and Praxis in Contemporary Anthropology, London: Routledge.
121. Jansen , J. (2004) Die politischen Parteien Namibias und ihr Beitrag zur Konsolidierung der Demokratie, Bochum: Institut für Entwicklungsforschung und Entwicklungspolitik. Working Papers, Volume 178.
122. Jaworski , A. and Pritchard , A. (eds) (2005) Discourse, Communication and Tourism, Clevedon: Channel View Publications.
123. Jewitt , C. and Oyama , R. (2001) 'Visual meaning: a social semiotic approach', in T. van Leeuwen and C. Jewitt (eds) Handbook of Visual Analysis, London: Sage.
124. Jones , K. (2000a) 'Becoming just another alphanumeric code: farmers' encounters with the literacy and discourse practices of agricultural bureaucracy at the livestock auction', in D. Barton , M. Hamilton and R. Ivanic (eds) Situated Literacies: Reading and Writing in Context, London: Routledge.
125. Jones , K. (2000b) 'Texts, mediation and social relations in a bureaucratised world', in M. Martin-Jones and K. Jones (eds) Multilingual Literacies: Reading and Writing Different Worlds, Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
126. Josephides , L. (1997) 'Representing the anthropologist's predicament', in A. James , J. Hockey and A. Dawson (eds) After Writing Culture: Epistemology and Praxis in Contemporary Anthropology, London and New York: Routledge.
127. Kainbacher , P. (1997) 'Entwicklungs- und Umstrukturierungsprozesse im Tourismussektor Namibias', Journal für Entwicklungspolitik, XIII (1): 99-114.
128. Kalman , J. (1999) Writing on the Plaza: Mediated Literacy Practices among Scribes and Clients in Mexico City, Cresskil, New Jersey: Hampton Press.
129. Kalman , J. (2001) 'Everyday paperwork: literacy practices in the daily life of unschooled women in a semiurban community of Mexico City', Linguistics and Education, 12 (4): 367-391.
130. Kamsma , T. and Bras , K. (1999) 'Gili Trawangan - from Desert Island to "Marginal" Paradise', in H. Dahles and K. Bras (eds) Tourism and Small Entrepreneurs: Development, National Policy, and Entrepreneurial Culture: Indonesian Cases, Elmsford, New York: Cognizant Communication Corporation.
131. Kapitzke , C. (1995) Literacy and Religion: The Textual Politics and Practice of Seventh-Day Adventism, Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
132. Kell , C. (1994) An Analysis of Literacy Practices in an Informal Settlement in the Cape Peninsula, unpublished Master's thesis, University of Cape Town.
133. Kell , C. (1995) 'Literacies of everyday life, development and schooling: a study of literacy practices in an informal settlement in South Africa, Critical Forum, 4 (1):2-42.
134. Kell , C. (1996) 'Literacy practices in an informal settlement in the Cape Peninsula', in M. Prinsloo and M. Breier (eds) The Social Uses of Literacy, Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
135. Kell , C. (1999) 'Teaching letters: the recontextualisation of letter-writing practices in literacy classes for unschooled adults in South Africa', in D. Barton and N. Hall (eds) Letter Writing as a Social Practice, Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
136. Kell , C. (2005) 'Texts, movements and participation', in A. Rogers (ed.) Urban Literacy, Hamburg: UNESCO Institute for Education.
137. Kitalong , K. S. and Kitalong , T. (2000) 'Complicating the tourist gaze: literacy and the Internet as catalysts for articulating a postcolonial Palauan identity', in G. E. Hawisher and C. L. Selfe (eds) Global Literacies and the World-Wide Web, London: Routledge.
138. Korsgaard , O. (1997) 'The impact of globalisation on adult education', in S. Walters (ed.) Globalisation, Adult Education and Training: Impacts and Issues, London and New York: Zed Books.
139. Kress , G. (1989) Linguistic Processes in Sociocultural Practice, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
140. Kress , G. and van Leeuwen , T. (1996) Social Semiotics: The Grammar of Visual Design, London: Routledge.
141. Kress , G. and van Leeuwen , T. (2001) Multimodal Discourse, London: Arnold.
142. Kulick , D. and Stroud , C. (1993) 'Conceptions and uses of literacy in a Papua New Guinean village', in B. V. Street (ed.) Cross-Cultural Approaches to Literacy, Cambridge: CUP.
143. Kweka , A. N. and Jeremiah-Namene , J. (1999) Second Overall Evaluation of the National Literacy Programme in Namibia, Windhoek: Ministry of Basic Education and Culture.
144. Lanksheer , C. (with J. P. Gee , M. Knobel and C. Searle ) (1997) Changing Literacies, Buckingham, Philadelphia: Open University Press.
145. Lash , S. and Urry , J. (1994) Economies of Signs and Space, Sage: London.
146. Lave , J. and Wenger , E. (1991) Situated Learning: Legitimate Peripheral Participation, New York: Cambridge University Press.
147. Lind , A. (1996) 'Free to Speak up'. Overall Evaluation of the National Literacy Programme in Namibia, Windhoek: Gamsberg Macmillan Publishers.
148. Lindknud , C. (1998) 'When opposite worldviews attract: a case of tourism and local development in Southern France', in S. Abram and J. Waldren (eds) Anthropological Perspectives on Local Development. Knowledge and Sentiments in Conflict, London: Routledge.
149. Luke , A. (2004) 'On the material consequences of literacy', Language and Education, 18 (4): 331-335.
150. MacCannel , D. (1999) The Tourist: A New Theory of the Leisure Class, 2nd edn, Berkeley: University of California Press.
151. Macdonald , S. (1997) 'A people's story: heritage, identity and authenticity', in C. Rojek and J. Urry (eds) Touring Cultures, London: Routledge.
152. McEwan , M. J. and Malan , L. (1996) '"We are waiting/this is our home": literacy and the search for resources in the rural Eastern Cape', in M. Prinsloo and M. Breier (eds) The Social Uses of Literacy, Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
153. Maddox , B. (2001) 'Literacy and the market: the economic uses of literacy among the peasantry in north-west Bangladesh', in B. V. Street (ed) Literacy and Development, London: Routledge.
154. Maddox , B. (2005) 'Ethnographic reflections on literacy, livelihoods and wellbeing: the capabilities approach, thresholds and functionings'. Paper presented at the 8th UKFIET International Conference on Education and Development.
155. Magano Amukugo , E. (1993) Education and Politics in Namibia: Past Trends and Future Prospects, Windhoek: Gamsberg Macmillan.
156. Maho , J. F. (1998) Few People, Many Tongues: The Languages of Namibia, Windhoek: Gamsberg Macmillan.
157. Malan , L. (1996a) 'Literacy learning and local literacy practice in Bellville', in M. Prinsloo and M. Breier (eds) The Social Uses of Literacy, Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
158. Malan , L. (1996b) 'Literacy mediation and social identity in Newtown', in M. Prinsloo and M. Breier (eds) The Social Uses of Literacy, Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
159. Marcus , G. E. (1986) 'Contemporary problems of ethnography in the modern world system', in J. Clifford and G. E. Marcus (eds) Writing Culture, Berkeley: University of California Press.
160. Maruatona , T. (2005) 'Workplace literacy in Botswana: a critical analysis', in A. Rogers (ed.) Urban Literacy, Hamburg: UNESCO Institute for Education.
161. McCabe , C. (1998) 'A Response to Brian Street', English Education, 32 (1): 26-28.
162. MEC (1993) Toward Education for All: A Development Brief for Education, Culture and Training, Ministry of Education and Culture, Windhoek: Gamsberg Macmillan.
163. Meethan , K. (2001) Tourism in Global Society, Houndmills, Basingstoke: Palgrave.
164. Melber , H. (2000a) 'Public sector and fiscal policy', in H. Melber (ed.) Namibia: A Decade of Independence, 1990-2000, Windhoek: The Namibian Economic Policy Research Unit (NEPRU).
165. Melber , H. (ed.) (2000b) Namibia: A Decade of Independence, 1990-2000, Windhoek: The Namibian Economic Policy Research Unit (NEPRU), Publication No. 7.
166. Melber , H. (ed.) (2003) Namibia: Grenzen nachkolonialer Emanzipation, Frankfurt am Main: Brandes & Apsel.
167. MET (1994) White Paper on Tourism, Windhoek: Ministry of Environment and Tourism.
168. MET (1995a) Promotion of Community-Based Tourism, Policy Document, Windhoek: Ministry of Environment and Tourism.
169. MET (1995b) Wildlife Management, Utilisation and Tourism in Communal Areas, Windhoek: Ministry of Environment and Tourism.
170. MET (1995c) Questions and Answers about Communal Area Conservancies in Namibia, Windhoek: Ministry of Environment and Tourism.
171. MET (1996) Nature Conservation Amendment Act, Windhoek: Ministry of Environment and Tourism, Government Gazette (June).
172. Mitchell , J. C. (1984) 'Case studies', in R. F. Ellen (ed.) Ethnographic Research: A Guide to General Conduct, Academic Press.
173. Morphet , T. (1996) 'Afterword', in M. Prinsloo and M. Breier (eds) The Social Uses of Literacy, Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
174. Morley , D. and Robin , K. (1995) Spaces of Identity: Global Media, Electronic Landscapes and Cultural Boundaries, London: Routledge.
175. Nash , D. (1996) Anthropology of Tourism, Tarrytown, New York: Elsevier Science.
176. National Planning Commission (1995) First National Development Plan 1995/1996-1999/2000, Windhoek: Government of the Republic of Namibia.
177. National Planning Commission (1998) Mid-Term Review of First National Development Plan (NDP 1), report, Volume 1 (1995/6-1997/98), Windhoek: Republic of Namibia, Office of the President.
178. Nirantrar (1997) 'Innovating for change: women's education for empowerment. An analysis of the Mahila Samakhya programme in Banda District (India)', in W. Mauch and U. Papen (eds) Making a Difference: Innovations in Adult Education, Berlin: Peter Lang.
179. O'Byrne , D. (2005) 'Toward a critical theory of globalization: a Habermasian approach', in R. P. Appelbaum and W. I. Robinson (eds) Critical Globalization Studies, London: Routledge.
180. Olindo , P. (1997) 'The old man of nature tourism: Kenya', in L. France (ed.) The Earthscan Reader in Sustainable Tourism, London: Earthscan Publications.
181. Omoniyi , T. (1998) 'The discourse of tourism advertisements: packaging nation and ideology in Singapore', Working Papers in Applied Linguistics, Vol. 4, London: Thames Valley University.
182. O'Reilly , C. (2005) 'Tourist or traveller? Narrating backpacker identity', in A. Jaworski and A. Pritchard (eds) Discourse, Communication and Tourism, Clevedon: Channel View Publications.
183. Ottenberg , S. (1990) 'Thirty years of fieldnotes: changing relationships to the text', in R. Sanjek (ed.) Fieldnotes: The Makings of Anthropology, Ithaca, New York and London: Cornell University Press.
184. Pahl , K. and Rowsell , J. (2005) Literacy and Education: Understanding the New Literacy Studies in the Classroom, London: Paul Chapman.
185. Papen , U. (2001) '"Literacy- your key to a better future?" Literacy, reconciliation and development in the National Literacy Programme in Namibia', in B.V. Street (ed.) Literacy and Development, London: Routledge.
186. Papen , U. (2005a) 'Literacy and development: what works for whom? Or, how relevant is the social practices view of literacy for literacy education in developing countries? International Journal of Educational Development 25: 5-17.
187. Papen , U. (2005b) 'Reading the bible and shopping on credit: literacy practices and literacy learning in a township of Windhoek, Namibia', in A. Rogers (ed.) Urban Literacy, Hamburg: UNESCO Institute for Education.
188. Papen , U. (2005c) Adult Literacy as Social Practice: More than Skills, London: Routledge.
189. Papen , U. (2006) 'Local literacy practices in Namibia: creativity and constraint', in J. Maybin and J. Swann (eds) The Art of English: Everyday Creativity, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan (in association with The Open University).
190. Pattulo , P. (1996) Last Resorts: The Cost of Tourism in the Caribbean, Cassell: London.
191. Pendleton , W. C. (1996) Katutura: A Place Where We Stay, Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Centre for International Studies.
192. Pendleton , W. C. (1997) Katutura in the 90s, Windhoek: Social Science Division, University of Namibia, Research Report No. 28.
193. Petersen , C. (2005) 'Globalisation and training for sustainable livelihoods', Paper presented at the 8th Oxford International Conference on Education and Development, 13-15 September 2005, Oxford, UK.
194. Peterson , S. (2004) 'Plural processes, patterned connections', Globalizations, 1 (1): 50-68.
195. Peyroux , E. and Graefe , O. (1995) Precarious Settlements at Windhoek's Periphery, Windhoek and Paris: Centre for Research-Information-Action in Africa (C.I.A.A.).
196. Pitt , K. (2002) 'Situating literacy within a theory of discourse: creating imaginary letters', Ways of Knowing Journal, 2 (1): 54-63.
197. Prinsloo , M. and Breier , M. (eds) (1996) The Social Uses of Literacy, Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
198. Puetz , M. (1995) 'Official monolingualism in Africa: a sociolinguistic assessment of linguistic and cultural pluralism in Namibia', in M. Puetz (ed.) Discrimination through Language in Africa? Perspectives on the Namibian Experience, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
199. Rabinow , P. (ed.) (1984) The Foucault Reader: An Introduction to Foucault's Thought, Penguin: London.
200. Robins , S. (1996) 'Cultural brokers and bricoloeurs of modern and traditional literacies: land struggles in Namaqualand's coloured reserves', in M. Prinsloo and M. Breier (eds) The Social Uses of Literacy, Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
201. Rockhill , K. (1993) 'Gender, language and the politics of literacy', in B. V. Street (ed.) Cross-Cultural Approaches to Literacy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
202. Rogers , A. (1994) Using Literacy: A New Approach to Post-Literacy Materials, London: Overseas Development Administration, Serial No. 10.
203. Rogers , A. (2005) 'Adult literacy in urban contexts: some general conclusions', in A. Rogers (ed.) Urban Literacy, Hamburg: UNESCO Institute for Education.
204. Rogers , A. Maddox , B. Millican , J. , Newell Jones , K. , Papen , U. and Robinson-Pant , A. (1999) Re-defining Post-literacy in a Changing World, London: Department for International Development, Education Research, Serial No. 29.
205. Rothfuss , E. (1998) Fremdenverkehr in NW-Namibia unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Ethnotourismus bei den 'Himba' in der nördlichen Kunene-Region, unpublished thesis (Staatsexamen), University of Freiburg.
206. Rothfuss , E. (2000) 'Ethnic tourism in Kaoko: expectations, frustrations and trends in post-colonial business', in G. Miescher and D. Henrichsen (eds) New Notes on Kaoko, Basel: Basler Afrika Bibliographien.
207. Rothfuss , E. (2004) Ethnotourismus - Wahrnehmungen und Handlungsstrategien der pastoralnomadischen Himba (Namibia), Passau: Selbstverlag Fach Geographie, Universität Passau, Passauer Schriften zur Geographie, Heft 20.
208. Saldanha , D. (2005) 'Literacy-communication, urbanisation-development: uneven development in India', in A. Rogers (ed.) Urban Literacy, Hamburg: UNESCO Institute for Education.
209. Schaafsma , D. (1998) 'Performing the self: constructing written and curricular fictions', in T. S. Popkewitz and M. Brennon (eds) Foucault's Challenge: Discourse, Knowledge and Power in Education, New York and London: Teachers College Press.
210. Schade , K. (2000) 'Poverty', in H. Melber (ed.) Namibia: A Decade of Independence. 1990-2000, Windhoek: The Namibian Economic Policy Research Unit (NEPRU), Publication No. 7.
211. Searle , J. (1999) Discourses of Literacy, Melbourne: Language Australia. Adult Literacy Research Network. Research into Practice Series No. 9.
212. Searle , J. (2002) 'Situated literacies at work', International Journal of Educational Research, 37: 17-28.
213. Seckelmann , A. (1997) Low-Income Housing Projects in Windhoek, Namibia. A Contribution to Sustainable Urban Development? Windhoek: The Namibian Economic Policy Research Unit (NEPRU), Occasional Paper No. 9.
214. Shore , S. (2003) 'What's whiteness got to do with it?', Literacies, 2: 19-25.
215. Shore , C. and Wright , S. (1997) 'Policy: A new field of anthropology', in C. Shore and S. Wright (eds) Anthropology of Policy, London and New York: Routledge: 3-34.
216. Smith , V. L. (1996) 'Indigenous tourism: the four hs', in R. Butler and T. Hinch (eds) Tourism and Indigenous Peoples, London: International Thompson Business Press.
217. Smith , V. L. (ed.) (1989) Hosts and Guests: The Anthropology of Tourism, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, first edition 1977.
218. Smith , D. (1990) Texts, Facts and Femininity, London: Routledge.
219. Smith , D. (1999) Writing the Social: Critique, Theory and Investigations, Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
220. Spiegel , A. , Watson , V. and Wilkinson , P. (1999) 'Speaking truth to power? Some problems using ethnographic methods to influence the formulation of housing policy in South Africa', in A. Cheater (ed.) The Anthropology of Power, London and New York: Routledge.
221. Street , B. V. (1984) Literacy in Theory and Practice, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
222. Street , B. V. (ed.) (1993) Cross-Cultural Approaches to Literacy, Cambridge: CUP.
223. Street , B. V. (1995) Social Literacies: Critical Approaches to Literacy in Development, Ethnography and Education, London and New York: Longman.
224. Street , B. V. (1996) 'Preface', in M. Prinsloo and M. Breier (eds) The Social Uses of Literacy. Theory and Practice in Contemporary South Africa, Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
225. Street , B. V. (1999) 'The meanings of literacy', in D. A. Wagner , R. L. Venetzky and B. V. Street (eds) Literacy: An International Handbook, Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press.
226. Street , B. V. (2000) 'Literacy "events" and literacy "practices": theory and practice in the "New Literacy Studies"', in K. Jones and M. Martin-Jones (eds) Multilingual Literacies: Reading and Writing Different Worlds, Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
227. Street , B. V. (2001) 'Introduction', in B. V. Street (ed.) Literacy and Development: Ethnographic Perspectives, London: Routledge.
228. Street , B. V. (2004) 'Futures of the ethnography of literacy?,' Language and Education, 18 (4): 326-330.
229. Sullivan , S. (2003) 'Protest, conflict and litigation: dissent or libel in resistance to a conservancy in north-west Namibia', in E. Bergland and D. Anderson (eds) Ethnographies of Conservation: Environmentalism and the Distribution of Privilege, Oxford: Berghahn Press.
230. Suzman , J. (2002) Minorities in Independent Namibia, London: Minority Rights Group International.
231. Swales , J. (1998) Other Floors, Other Voices: A Textography of a Small University Building, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
232. ter Steege , K. , Stam , S. and Bras , K. (1999) 'Mountain guides in Lombok: pathfinders up Gunung Rinjani', in H. Dahles and K. Bras (eds) Tourism and Small Entrepreneurs. Development, National Policy and Entrepreneurial Culture: Indonesian Cases, New York, Sydney and Tokyo: Cognizant Communication Corporation.
233. Thurot , J.-M. and Thurot , G. (1983) 'The ideology of class and tourism: facing the discourses of advertising', Annals of Tourism Research, 10 (1): 173-189.
234. Tvedten , I. and Mupotola , M. (1995) Urbanisation and Urban Policies in Namibia, Windhoek: The Namibian Economic Policy Research Unit (NEPRU), Working Paper No. 47.
235. Tyler , S. A. (1986) 'Post-modern ethnography: from document of the occult to occult document', in J. Clifford and G. E. Marcus (eds) Writing Culture: The Politics and Poetics of Ethnography, Los Angeles: University of California Press.
236. UNDP (United Nations Development Programme) Human Development Report http://www.undp.org/hdr2003/indicator/cty_f_NAM.html (accessed 30.10.05 ).
237. Urry , J. (1995) Consuming Places, London and New York: Routledge.
238. Urry , J. (2002) The Tourist Gaze: Leisure and Travel in Contemporary Societies, 2nd edn, London: Sage.
239. Urry , J. (2005) 'The "consuming" of place', in A. Jaworski and A. Pritchard (eds) Discourse, Communication and Tourism, Clevedon: Channel View Publications.
240. Van Leeuwen , T. (1996) 'The representation of social actors', in C. Caldas-Coulthard and M. Coulthard (eds) Texts and Practices: Reading in Critical Discourse Analysis, London: Routledge.
241. Van Maanen , J. (1995) 'An end to innocence: the ethnography of ethnography', in J. van Maanen (ed.) Representation in Ethnography, London: Sage.
242. Vorläufer , K. (1996) Tourismus in Entwicklungsländern, Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft.
243. Vygotsky , L. S. (1978) Mind in Society: The Development of Higher Psychological Processes, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
244. Watters , K. (1996) 'Communicative practices of the service staff of a school', in M. Prinsloo and M. Breier (eds) The Social Uses of Literacy: Theory and Practice in Contemporary South Africa, Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
245. Wearing , S. and Larson , L. (1996) 'Assessing and managing the sociocultural impacts of ecotourism: visiting the Santa Elena Rainforest Project', The Environmentalist, 16: 117-133.
246. Weaver , D. B. (1998) Ecotourism in the Less Developed World, New York: CAB International.
247. Wenger , E. (1998) Communities of Practice: Learning, Meaning and Identity, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
248. Werbner , R. (1999) 'The reach of the postcolonial state: development, empowerment/disempowerment and technocracy', in A. Cheater (ed.) Anthropology of Power, London and New York: Routledge.
249. Werner , W. (2000) 'Agriculture and land', in H. Melber (ed.) Namibia: A Decade of Independence, 1999-2000, Windhoek: The Namibian Economic Policy Research Unit (NEPRU).
250. Wickert R (2001) '"A hiatus of considerable proportions": policy interventions in literacy and competence in Australia', in P. Freebody and A. Muspratt (eds) Difference and Silence in Literacy Education: Readings on the Politics of Textual Practice, Hampton Press: New York.
251. Wodak , R. (2005) 'Populist discourses: the Austrian case', in J. Rydgren (ed.) Movements of Exclusion: Radical Right-Wing Populism, Nova Science Publishers.
252. Wodak , R. and Meyer , M. (eds) (2001) Methods of Critical Discourse Analysis, London: Sage.