Towards large scale preparation of carbon nanostructures in molten LiCl

Carbon

Volumn 77, Issue , 2014, Pages 835-845

  Kamali, Ali Reza ^a   Fray, Derek J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CATHODES; ELECTROCHEMICAL ELECTRODES; EROSION; GRAPHITE; NANOPARTICLES;

CARBON NANO-PARTICLES; CARBON NANOSTRUCTURES; CATHODE CURRENT DENSITY; ELECTROCHEMICAL EROSION; GRAPHITIC CARBON NANOSTRUCTURES; LARGE SCALE PREPARATION; NEGATIVE ELECTRODE; SPHERICAL NANOPARTICLES;

GRAPHITE ELECTRODES;

EID: 84905638032     PISSN: 00086223     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2014.05.089     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. W.K. Hsu, J.P. Hare, M. Terrones, H.W. Kroto, D.R.M. Walton, and P.J.F. Harris Condensed-phase nanotubes Nature 377 1995 687
2. W.K. Hsu, M. Terrones, J.P. Hare, H. Terrones, H.W. Kroto, and D.R.M. Walton Electrolytic formation of carbon nanostructures Chem Phys Lett 262 1996 161 166
3. G.Z. Chen, X.D. Fan, A. Luget, M.S.P. Shaffer, D.J. Fray, and A.H. Windle Electrolytic conversion of graphite to carbon nanotubes in fused salts J Electroanal Chem 446 1998 1 6
4. G.Z. Chen, I. Kinloch, M.S.P. Shaffer, D.J. Fray, and A.H. Windle Electrochemical investigation of the formation of carbon nanotubes in molten salts High Temp Mater Process 2 1998 459 469
5. M. Monthioux, P. Serp, E. Flahaut, M. Razafinimanana, C. Laurent, and A. Peigney et al. Introduction to carbon nanotubes B. Bhushan, Handbook of nanotechnology 2nd ed. 2007 Springer Berlin, Heidelberg, New York 43 112
6. W.K. Hsu, J. Li, H. Terrones, M. Terrones, N. Grobert, and Y.Q. Zhu et al. Electrochemical production of low-melting metal nanowires Chem Phys Lett 301 1999 159 166
7. N. Grobert, J.P. Hare, W.K. Hsu, H.W. Kroto, M. Terrones, and D.R.M. Walton et al. New advances in the creation of nanostructured materials Pure Appl Chem 71 1999 2125 2130
8. J. Miklósi, P. Póczik, I. Sytchev, K. Papp, G. Kaptay, and P. Nagy et al. Atomic force microscopy investigation of electrochemically produced carbon nanotubes Appl Phys A 72 2001 S189 S192
9. A.T. Dimitrov, G.Z. Chen, I.A. Kinloch, and D.J. Fray A feasibility study of scaling-up the electrolytic production of carbon nanotubes in molten salts Electrochim Acta 48 2002 91 102
10. Q. Xu, C. Schwandt, G.Z. Chen, and D.J. Fray Electrochemical investigation of lithium intercalation into graphite from molten lithium chloride J Electroanal Chem 530 2002 16 22
11. Q. Xu, C. Schwandt, and D.J. Fray Electrochemical investigation of lithium and tin reduction at a graphite cathode in molten chlorides J Electroanal Chem 562 2004 15 21
12. J. Sychev, N.V. Borisenko, G. Kaptay, and K.B. Kushkhov Intercalation of sodium and lithium into graphite as a first stage in an electrochemical method for producing carbon nanotubes Russ J Electrochem 41 2005 956 963
13. J. Sytchev, and G. Kaptay Influence of current density on the erosion of a graphite cathode and electrolytic formation of carbon nanotubes in molten NaCl and LiCl Electrochim Acta 54 2009 6725 6731
14. C. Schwandt, A.T. Dimitrov, and D.J. Fray The preparation of nano-structured carbon materials by electrolysis of molten, lithium chloride at graphite electrodes J Electroanal Chem 647 2010 150 158
15. C. Schwandt, A.T. Dimitrov, and D.J. Fray High-yield synthesis of multi-walled carbon nanotubes from graphite by molten salt electrolysis Carbon 50 2012 1311 1315
16. A.R. Kamali, C. Schwandt, and D.J. Fray Effect of the graphite electrode material on the characteristics of molten salt electrolytically produced carbon nanomaterials Mater Charact 62 2011 987 994
17. A.R. Kamali, and D.J. Fray Molten salt corrosion of graphite as a possible way to make carbon nanostructures Carbon 56 2013 121 131
18. X. Liu, and M. Antonietti Molten salt activation for synthesis of porous carbon nanostructures and carbon sheets Carbon 69 2014 460 466
19. J. Sure, A.R. Shankar, S. Ramya, C. Mallika, and U.K. Mudali Corrosion behaviour of carbon materials exposed to molten lithium chloride-potassium chloride salt Carbon 67 2014 643 655
20. Z. He, L. Gao, X. Wang, B. Zhang, W. Qi, and J. Song et al. Improvement of stacking order in graphite by molten fluoride salt infiltration Carbon 72 2014 304 311
21. Gupta RD. The electrochemical production of tin filled carbon nanotubes and their use as anode materials in lithium-ion batteries [Ph.D. thesis]. University of Cambridge, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy; 2008.
22. A.R. Kamali, C. Schwandt, and D.J. Fray On the oxidation of electrolytic carbon nanomaterials Corros Sci 54 2012 307 313
23. A.R. Kamali, G. Divitini, C. Schwandt, and D.J. Fray Correlation between microstructure and thermokinetic characteristics of electrolytic carbon nanomaterials Corros Sci 64 2012 90 97
24. A. Roine HSC chemistry for Windows, Version 6.0 2002 Outokumpu Research Oy Finland
25. C.Y. Ho, and T.K. Chu Thermal conductivity and electrical resistivity of eight selected AISI stainless steels Therm Conduct 15 1978 79 104
26. R.W. Powell, and F.H. Schofield The thermal and electrical conductivities of carbon and graphite to high temperatures Proc Phys Soc 51 1939 153 172
27. J.D. Edwards, C.S. Taylor, A.S. Russell, and L.F. Maranville Electrical conductivity of molten cryolite and potassium, sodium, and lithium chlorides J Electrochem Soc 99 1952 527 535
28. M. Yoon, J. Howe, G. Tibbetts, G. Eres, and Z. Zhang Polygonization and anomalous graphene interlayer spacing of multi-walled carbon nanofibers Phys Rev B 75 2007 165402
29. S. Zhang, Y. Cui, B. Wu, R. Song, H. Song, and J. Zhou et al. Control of graphitization degree and defects of carbon blacks through ball-milling RSC Adv 4 2014 505 509
30. Q. Zhang, S.F. Yoon, J. Ahn, Bo Gan, Rusli, and M.B. Yu Synthesis of carbon tubes using microwave plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition J Mater Res 15 2000 1749 1753
31. S. Flandrois, and B. Simon Carbon materials for lithium-ion rechargeable batteries Carbon 37 1999 165 180
32. A.R. Kamali, and D.J. Fray Review on carbon and silicon based materials as anode materials for lithium ion batteries J New Mater Electrochem Syst 13 2010 147 160
33. D. Guerard, and A. Herold Intercalation of lithium into graphite and other carbons Carbon 13 1957 337 345
34. 6 J Alloy Comp 575 2013 403 407
35. 10 structure derived from carbon nanotubes J Chem Phys 115 2001 10585 10588
36. A. Nalimova, D.E. Slovsky, G.N. Bondarenko, H. Alvergnat-Gaucher, S. Bonnamy, and F. Beguin Lithium interaction with carbon nanotubes Synth Met 88 1977 89 93