메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 87, Issue 4, 2014, Pages 194-202

Is reduced susceptibility to disinfectants and antiseptics a risk in healthcare settings? A point/counterpoint review

Author keywords

Antimicrobial resistance; Antiseptic; Disinfectant; Epidemiology; Multi drug resistant bacteria; Reduced susceptibility

Indexed keywords

ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; BIOCIDE; CHLORHEXIDINE; DISINFECTANT AGENT; TRICLOSAN; TOPICAL ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT;

EID: 84905084627     PISSN: 01956701     EISSN: 15322939     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2014.04.012     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (54)

References (75)
  • 1
    • 27444440625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical significance of emergence of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in the hospital environment
    • Cookson B. Clinical significance of emergence of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in the hospital environment. JAppl Microbiol 2013, 99:989-996.
    • (2013) JAppl Microbiol , vol.99 , pp. 989-996
    • Cookson, B.1
  • 2
    • 84905087513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health and Safety Executive
    • EU Biocides Regulation 528/2012 (EU BPR), Health and Safety Executive, Bootle
    • Health and Safety Executive Biocides 2012, EU Biocides Regulation 528/2012 (EU BPR), Health and Safety Executive, Bootle.
    • (2012) Biocides
  • 4
    • 0027674673 scopus 로고
    • Glutaraldehyde resistant mycobacteria from endoscope washers
    • van Klingaren B., Pullen W. Glutaraldehyde resistant mycobacteria from endoscope washers. JHosp Infect 1993, 25:147-149.
    • (1993) JHosp Infect , vol.25 , pp. 147-149
    • van Klingaren, B.1    Pullen, W.2
  • 5
    • 0033386577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bacterial resistance to disinfectants: present knowledge and future problems
    • Russell A.D. Bacterial resistance to disinfectants: present knowledge and future problems. JHosp Infect 1999, 43(Suppl.):S57-S68.
    • (1999) JHosp Infect , vol.43 , Issue.SUPPL
    • Russell, A.D.1
  • 6
    • 70349127307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of porins in the susceptibility of Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium chelonae to aldehyde-based disinfectants and drugs
    • Svetlikova Z., Skovierova H., Niederweis M., Gaillard J.L., McDonnell G., Jackson M. Role of porins in the susceptibility of Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium chelonae to aldehyde-based disinfectants and drugs. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009, 53:4015-4018.
    • (2009) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.53 , pp. 4015-4018
    • Svetlikova, Z.1    Skovierova, H.2    Niederweis, M.3    Gaillard, J.L.4    McDonnell, G.5    Jackson, M.6
  • 7
    • 84878009128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multidrug resistance protein MdtM adds to the repertoire of antiporters involved in alkaline pH homeostasis in Escherichia coli
    • Holdsworth S.R., Law C.J. Multidrug resistance protein MdtM adds to the repertoire of antiporters involved in alkaline pH homeostasis in Escherichia coli. BMC Microbiol 2013, 13:113.
    • (2013) BMC Microbiol , vol.13 , pp. 113
    • Holdsworth, S.R.1    Law, C.J.2
  • 8
    • 84868603203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peroxide-sensing transcriptional regulators in bacteria
    • Dubbs J.M., Mongkolsuk S. Peroxide-sensing transcriptional regulators in bacteria. JBacteriol 2012, 194:5495-5503.
    • (2012) JBacteriol , vol.194 , pp. 5495-5503
    • Dubbs, J.M.1    Mongkolsuk, S.2
  • 9
    • 0036151596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biocide abuse and antimicrobial resistance - a cause for concern?
    • Fraise A.P. Biocide abuse and antimicrobial resistance - a cause for concern?. JAntimicrob Chemother 2002, 49:11-12.
    • (2002) JAntimicrob Chemother , vol.49 , pp. 11-12
    • Fraise, A.P.1
  • 10
    • 34548225858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consumer antibacterial soaps: effective or just risky?
    • Aiello A.E., Larson E.L., Levy S.B. Consumer antibacterial soaps: effective or just risky?. Clin Infect Dis 2007, 45(Suppl. 2):S137-S147.
    • (2007) Clin Infect Dis , vol.45 , Issue.SUPPL 2
    • Aiello, A.E.1    Larson, E.L.2    Levy, S.B.3
  • 11
    • 0034897364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibacterial household products: cause for concern
    • Levy S.B. Antibacterial household products: cause for concern. Emerg Infect Dis 2001, 7:512-515.
    • (2001) Emerg Infect Dis , vol.7 , pp. 512-515
    • Levy, S.B.1
  • 12
    • 84866027583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The forgotten role of alcohol: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the clinical efficacy and perceived role of chlorhexidine in skin antisepsis
    • Maiwald M., Chan E.S. The forgotten role of alcohol: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the clinical efficacy and perceived role of chlorhexidine in skin antisepsis. PLoS One 2012, 7:e44277.
    • (2012) PLoS One , vol.7
    • Maiwald, M.1    Chan, E.S.2
  • 13
    • 85014863768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks
    • European Commission, Brussels
    • Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks Assessment of the antibiotic resistance effects of biocides 2009, European Commission, Brussels.
    • (2009) Assessment of the antibiotic resistance effects of biocides
  • 14
    • 19344366586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiseptic "resistance": real or perceived threat?
    • Sheldon A.T. Antiseptic "resistance": real or perceived threat?. Clin Infect Dis 2005, 40:1650-1656.
    • (2005) Clin Infect Dis , vol.40 , pp. 1650-1656
    • Sheldon, A.T.1
  • 15
    • 0034006523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do biocides select for antibiotic resistance?
    • Russell A.D. Do biocides select for antibiotic resistance?. JPharm Pharmacol 2000, 52:227-233.
    • (2000) JPharm Pharmacol , vol.52 , pp. 227-233
    • Russell, A.D.1
  • 16
    • 0024006946 scopus 로고
    • MIC tests are not suitable for assessing antiseptic handwashes
    • Platt J.H., Bucknall R.A. MIC tests are not suitable for assessing antiseptic handwashes. JHosp Infect 1988, 11:396-397.
    • (1988) JHosp Infect , vol.11 , pp. 396-397
    • Platt, J.H.1    Bucknall, R.A.2
  • 17
    • 76849110640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of subinhibitory concentrations of benzalkonium chloride on the competitiveness of Pseudomonas aeruginosa grown in continuous culture
    • McCay P.H., Ocampo-Sosa A.A., Fleming G.T.A. Effect of subinhibitory concentrations of benzalkonium chloride on the competitiveness of Pseudomonas aeruginosa grown in continuous culture. Microbiology 2013, 156:30-38.
    • (2013) Microbiology , vol.156 , pp. 30-38
    • McCay, P.H.1    Ocampo-Sosa, A.A.2    Fleming, G.T.A.3
  • 18
    • 84867833730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptation to benzalkonium chloride and ciprofloxacin affects biofilm formation potential, efflux pump and haemolysin activity of Escherichia coli of dairy origin
    • Pagedar A., Singh J., Batish V.K. Adaptation to benzalkonium chloride and ciprofloxacin affects biofilm formation potential, efflux pump and haemolysin activity of Escherichia coli of dairy origin. JDairy Res 2012, 79:383-389.
    • (2012) JDairy Res , vol.79 , pp. 383-389
    • Pagedar, A.1    Singh, J.2    Batish, V.K.3
  • 19
    • 84871968316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli adapted to biocides
    • Mavri A., Smole Mozina S. Development of antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli adapted to biocides. Int J Food Microbiol 2013, 160:304-312.
    • (2013) Int J Food Microbiol , vol.160 , pp. 304-312
    • Mavri, A.1    Smole Mozina, S.2
  • 20
    • 83155192999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Listeria monocytogenes strains selected on ciprofloxacin or the disinfectant benzalkonium chloride exhibit reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, benzalkonium chloride, and other toxic compounds
    • Rakic-Martinez M., Drevets D.A., Dutta V., Katic V., Kathariou S. Listeria monocytogenes strains selected on ciprofloxacin or the disinfectant benzalkonium chloride exhibit reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, benzalkonium chloride, and other toxic compounds. Appl Environ Microbiol 2011, 77:8714-8721.
    • (2011) Appl Environ Microbiol , vol.77 , pp. 8714-8721
    • Rakic-Martinez, M.1    Drevets, D.A.2    Dutta, V.3    Katic, V.4    Kathariou, S.5
  • 21
    • 0032490937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Triclosan targets lipid synthesis
    • McMurry L.M., Oethinger M., Levy S.B. Triclosan targets lipid synthesis. Nature 1998, 394:531-532.
    • (1998) Nature , vol.394 , pp. 531-532
    • McMurry, L.M.1    Oethinger, M.2    Levy, S.B.3
  • 22
    • 85007292633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scientific Committee on Consumer Products
    • European Commission, Brussels
    • Scientific Committee on Consumer Products Opinion on triclosan 2009, European Commission, Brussels.
    • (2009) Opinion on triclosan
  • 23
    • 79952778065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scientific Committee on Consumer Products
    • Opinion on triclosan (antimicrobial resistance). Brussels: European Commission
    • Scientific Committee on Consumer Products. Opinion on triclosan (antimicrobial resistance). Brussels: European Commission; 2010.
    • (2010)
  • 24
    • 84876182475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated in 1965 are more susceptible to triclosan than current isolates
    • Skovgaard S., Nielsen L.N., Larsen M.H., Skov R.L., Ingmer H., Westh H. Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated in 1965 are more susceptible to triclosan than current isolates. PLoS One 2013, 8:e62197.
    • (2013) PLoS One , vol.8
    • Skovgaard, S.1    Nielsen, L.N.2    Larsen, M.H.3    Skov, R.L.4    Ingmer, H.5    Westh, H.6
  • 25
    • 67651083568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus decolonization: "yes, we can," but will it help?
    • Kluytmans J., Harbarth S. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus decolonization: "yes, we can," but will it help?. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2009, 30:633-635.
    • (2009) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.30 , pp. 633-635
    • Kluytmans, J.1    Harbarth, S.2
  • 26
    • 84867587100 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced susceptibility to chlorhexidine in staphylococci: is it increasing and does it matter?
    • Horner C., Mawer D., Wilcox M. Reduced susceptibility to chlorhexidine in staphylococci: is it increasing and does it matter?. JAntimicrob Chemother 2012, 67:2547-2559.
    • (2012) JAntimicrob Chemother , vol.67 , pp. 2547-2559
    • Horner, C.1    Mawer, D.2    Wilcox, M.3
  • 27
    • 73649115314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and limitation of a chlorhexidine-based decolonization strategy in preventing transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in an intensive care unit
    • Batra R., Cooper B.S., Whiteley C., Patel A.K., Wyncoll D., Edgeworth J.D. Efficacy and limitation of a chlorhexidine-based decolonization strategy in preventing transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in an intensive care unit. Clin Infect Dis 2010, 50:210-217.
    • (2010) Clin Infect Dis , vol.50 , pp. 210-217
    • Batra, R.1    Cooper, B.S.2    Whiteley, C.3    Patel, A.K.4    Wyncoll, D.5    Edgeworth, J.D.6
  • 28
    • 79958080013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of combined low-level mupirocin and genotypic chlorhexidine resistance on persistent methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carriage after decolonization therapy: a case-control study
    • Lee A.S., Macedo-Vinas M., Francois P., et al. Impact of combined low-level mupirocin and genotypic chlorhexidine resistance on persistent methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carriage after decolonization therapy: a case-control study. Clin Infect Dis 2011, 52:1422-1430.
    • (2011) Clin Infect Dis , vol.52 , pp. 1422-1430
    • Lee, A.S.1    Macedo-Vinas, M.2    Francois, P.3
  • 29
    • 32044450780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surveillance for mupirocin resistance following introduction of routine peri-operative prophylaxis with nasal mupirocin
    • Fawley W.N., Parnell P., Hall J., Wilcox M.H. Surveillance for mupirocin resistance following introduction of routine peri-operative prophylaxis with nasal mupirocin. JHosp Infect 2006, 62:327-332.
    • (2006) JHosp Infect , vol.62 , pp. 327-332
    • Fawley, W.N.1    Parnell, P.2    Hall, J.3    Wilcox, M.H.4
  • 30
    • 0141957991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of perioperative mupirocin to prevent methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) orthopaedic surgical site infections
    • Wilcox M.H., Hall J., Pike H., et al. Use of perioperative mupirocin to prevent methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) orthopaedic surgical site infections. JHosp Infect 2003, 54:196-201.
    • (2003) JHosp Infect , vol.54 , pp. 196-201
    • Wilcox, M.H.1    Hall, J.2    Pike, H.3
  • 31
    • 84877110085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selection for qacA carriage in CC22, but not CC30, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection isolates during a successful institutional infection control programme
    • Otter J.A., Patel A., Cliff P.R., Halligan E.P., Tosas O., Edgeworth J.D. Selection for qacA carriage in CC22, but not CC30, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection isolates during a successful institutional infection control programme. JAntimicrob Chemother 2013, 68:992-999.
    • (2013) JAntimicrob Chemother , vol.68 , pp. 992-999
    • Otter, J.A.1    Patel, A.2    Cliff, P.R.3    Halligan, E.P.4    Tosas, O.5    Edgeworth, J.D.6
  • 32
    • 84861174905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of antiseptic resistance genes qacA/B and specific sequence types of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the era of hand hygiene
    • Ho J., Branley J. Prevalence of antiseptic resistance genes qacA/B and specific sequence types of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the era of hand hygiene. JAntimicrob Chemother 2012, 67:1549-1550.
    • (2012) JAntimicrob Chemother , vol.67 , pp. 1549-1550
    • Ho, J.1    Branley, J.2
  • 33
    • 84860332763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced susceptibility to chlorhexidine among extremely-drug-resistant strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae
    • Naparstek L., Carmeli Y., Chmelnitsky I., Banin E., Navon-Venezia S. Reduced susceptibility to chlorhexidine among extremely-drug-resistant strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae. JHosp Infect 2012, 81:15-19.
    • (2012) JHosp Infect , vol.81 , pp. 15-19
    • Naparstek, L.1    Carmeli, Y.2    Chmelnitsky, I.3    Banin, E.4    Navon-Venezia, S.5
  • 34
    • 34249339367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bacterial resistance to biocides in the healthcare environment: should it be of genuine concern?
    • Maillard J.Y. Bacterial resistance to biocides in the healthcare environment: should it be of genuine concern?. JHosp Infect 2007, 65(Suppl. 2):60-72.
    • (2007) JHosp Infect , vol.65 , Issue.SUPPL 2 , pp. 60-72
    • Maillard, J.Y.1
  • 35
    • 0036484036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bactericidal activities of disinfectants against vancomycin-resistant enterococci
    • Sakagami Y., Kajimura K. Bactericidal activities of disinfectants against vancomycin-resistant enterococci. JHosp Infect 2002, 50:140-144.
    • (2002) JHosp Infect , vol.50 , pp. 140-144
    • Sakagami, Y.1    Kajimura, K.2
  • 36
    • 33750565432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of germicides in the home and the healthcare setting: is there a relationship between germicide use and antibiotic resistance?
    • Weber D.J., Rutala W.A. Use of germicides in the home and the healthcare setting: is there a relationship between germicide use and antibiotic resistance?. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2006, 27:1107-1119.
    • (2006) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.27 , pp. 1107-1119
    • Weber, D.J.1    Rutala, W.A.2
  • 37
    • 77955625139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlation between reduced susceptibility to disinfectants and multidrug resistance among clinical isolates of Acinetobacter species
    • Kawamura-Sato K., Wachino J., Kondo T., Ito H., Arakawa Y. Correlation between reduced susceptibility to disinfectants and multidrug resistance among clinical isolates of Acinetobacter species. JAntimicrob Chemother 2010, 65:1975-1983.
    • (2010) JAntimicrob Chemother , vol.65 , pp. 1975-1983
    • Kawamura-Sato, K.1    Wachino, J.2    Kondo, T.3    Ito, H.4    Arakawa, Y.5
  • 38
    • 33645845404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of chronic triclosan exposure upon the antimicrobial susceptibility of 40 ex-situ environmental and human isolates
    • Ledder R.G., Gilbert P., Willis C., McBain A.J. Effects of chronic triclosan exposure upon the antimicrobial susceptibility of 40 ex-situ environmental and human isolates. JAppl Microbiol 2006, 100:1132-1140.
    • (2006) JAppl Microbiol , vol.100 , pp. 1132-1140
    • Ledder, R.G.1    Gilbert, P.2    Willis, C.3    McBain, A.J.4
  • 39
    • 0027468120 scopus 로고
    • Triclosan-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
    • Sasatsu M., Shimizu K., Noguchi N., Kono M. Triclosan-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Lancet 1993, 341:756.
    • (1993) Lancet , vol.341 , pp. 756
    • Sasatsu, M.1    Shimizu, K.2    Noguchi, N.3    Kono, M.4
  • 40
    • 77957665980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does microbial resistance or adaptation to biocides create a hazard in infection prevention and control?
    • Meyer B., Cookson B. Does microbial resistance or adaptation to biocides create a hazard in infection prevention and control?. JHosp Infect 2010, 76:200-205.
    • (2010) JHosp Infect , vol.76 , pp. 200-205
    • Meyer, B.1    Cookson, B.2
  • 41
    • 0347987049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Educational interventions to improve antibiotic use in the community: report from the International Forum on Antibiotic Resistance (IFAR) colloquium, 2002
    • Finch R.G., Metlay J.P., Davey P.G., Baker L.J. Educational interventions to improve antibiotic use in the community: report from the International Forum on Antibiotic Resistance (IFAR) colloquium, 2002. Lancet Infect Dis 2004, 4:44-53.
    • (2004) Lancet Infect Dis , vol.4 , pp. 44-53
    • Finch, R.G.1    Metlay, J.P.2    Davey, P.G.3    Baker, L.J.4
  • 42
    • 34547939642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of infections caused by multiresistant Gram-negatives: ESBLs, MBLs, panresistant strains
    • Rossolini G.M., Mantengoli E., Docquier J.D., Musmanno R.A., Coratza G. Epidemiology of infections caused by multiresistant Gram-negatives: ESBLs, MBLs, panresistant strains. New Microbiol 2007, 30:332-339.
    • (2007) New Microbiol , vol.30 , pp. 332-339
    • Rossolini, G.M.1    Mantengoli, E.2    Docquier, J.D.3    Musmanno, R.A.4    Coratza, G.5
  • 43
    • 84875386542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
    • Annual report of the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network (EARS-Net), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm
    • European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control Antimicrobial resistance surveillance in Europe 2010 2011, Annual report of the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network (EARS-Net), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm.
    • (2011) Antimicrobial resistance surveillance in Europe 2010
  • 44
    • 84873643362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in resistance to carbapenems and third-generation cephalosporins among clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae in the United States, 1999-2010
    • Braykov N.P., Eber M.R., Klein E.Y., Morgan D.J., Laxminarayan R. Trends in resistance to carbapenems and third-generation cephalosporins among clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae in the United States, 1999-2010. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2013, 34:259-268.
    • (2013) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.34 , pp. 259-268
    • Braykov, N.P.1    Eber, M.R.2    Klein, E.Y.3    Morgan, D.J.4    Laxminarayan, R.5
  • 45
    • 84155171838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High prevalence of multidrug-resistant nonfermenters in hospital-acquired pneumonia in Asia
    • Chung D.R., Song J.H., Kim S.H., et al. High prevalence of multidrug-resistant nonfermenters in hospital-acquired pneumonia in Asia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011, 184:1409-1417.
    • (2011) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.184 , pp. 1409-1417
    • Chung, D.R.1    Song, J.H.2    Kim, S.H.3
  • 46
    • 33748681343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How long do nosocomial pathogens persist on inanimate surfaces? A systematic review
    • Kramer A., Schwebke I., Kampf G. How long do nosocomial pathogens persist on inanimate surfaces? A systematic review. BMC Infect Dis 2006, 6:130.
    • (2006) BMC Infect Dis , vol.6 , pp. 130
    • Kramer, A.1    Schwebke, I.2    Kampf, G.3
  • 47
    • 34249300080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental contamination makes an important contribution to hospital infection
    • Boyce J.M. Environmental contamination makes an important contribution to hospital infection. JHosp Infect 2007, 65(Suppl. 2):50-54.
    • (2007) JHosp Infect , vol.65 , Issue.SUPPL 2 , pp. 50-54
    • Boyce, J.M.1
  • 48
    • 71549145593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of environmental cleaning in the control of hospital-acquired infection
    • Dancer S.J. The role of environmental cleaning in the control of hospital-acquired infection. JHosp Infect 2009, 73:378-385.
    • (2009) JHosp Infect , vol.73 , pp. 378-385
    • Dancer, S.J.1
  • 49
    • 84873253280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multidrug-resistant NDM-1 Klebsiella outbreak and infection control in endoscopic urology
    • Koo V.S., O'Neill P., Elves A. Multidrug-resistant NDM-1 Klebsiella outbreak and infection control in endoscopic urology. BJU Int 2012, 110:E922-E926.
    • (2012) BJU Int , vol.110
    • Koo, V.S.1    O'Neill, P.2    Elves, A.3
  • 50
    • 84875722484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Daily chlorhexidine bathing to reduce bacteraemia in critically ill children: a multicentre, cluster-randomised, crossover trial
    • Milstone A.M., Elward A., Song X., et al. Daily chlorhexidine bathing to reduce bacteraemia in critically ill children: a multicentre, cluster-randomised, crossover trial. Lancet 2013, 381:1099-1106.
    • (2013) Lancet , vol.381 , pp. 1099-1106
    • Milstone, A.M.1    Elward, A.2    Song, X.3
  • 51
    • 66449116150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of daily bathing with chlorhexidine on the acquisition of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus, and healthcare-associated bloodstream infections: results of a quasi-experimental multicenter trial
    • Climo M.W., Sepkowitz K.A., Zuccotti G., et al. The effect of daily bathing with chlorhexidine on the acquisition of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus, and healthcare-associated bloodstream infections: results of a quasi-experimental multicenter trial. Crit Care Med 2009, 37:1858-1865.
    • (2009) Crit Care Med , vol.37 , pp. 1858-1865
    • Climo, M.W.1    Sepkowitz, K.A.2    Zuccotti, G.3
  • 52
    • 84873512888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of daily chlorhexidine bathing on hospital-acquired infection
    • Climo M.W., Yokoe D.S., Warren D.K., et al. Effect of daily chlorhexidine bathing on hospital-acquired infection. NEngl J Med 2013, 368:533-542.
    • (2013) NEngl J Med , vol.368 , pp. 533-542
    • Climo, M.W.1    Yokoe, D.S.2    Warren, D.K.3
  • 53
    • 84878834991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeted versus universal decolonization to prevent ICU infection
    • Huang S.S., Septimus E., Kleinman K., et al. Targeted versus universal decolonization to prevent ICU infection. NEngl J Med 2013, 368:2255-2265.
    • (2013) NEngl J Med , vol.368 , pp. 2255-2265
    • Huang, S.S.1    Septimus, E.2    Kleinman, K.3
  • 54
    • 84878887086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Screening inpatients for MRSA - case closed
    • Edmond M.B., Wenzel R.P. Screening inpatients for MRSA - case closed. NEngl J Med 2013, 368:2314-2315.
    • (2013) NEngl J Med , vol.368 , pp. 2314-2315
    • Edmond, M.B.1    Wenzel, R.P.2
  • 56
    • 77954738298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Standardized comparison of antiseptic efficacy of triclosan, PVP-iodine, octenidine dihydrochloride, polyhexanide and chlorhexidine digluconate
    • Koburger T., Hubner N.O., Braun M., Siebert J., Kramer A. Standardized comparison of antiseptic efficacy of triclosan, PVP-iodine, octenidine dihydrochloride, polyhexanide and chlorhexidine digluconate. JAntimicrob Chemother 2010, 65:1712-1719.
    • (2010) JAntimicrob Chemother , vol.65 , pp. 1712-1719
    • Koburger, T.1    Hubner, N.O.2    Braun, M.3    Siebert, J.4    Kramer, A.5
  • 57
    • 84876900062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reducing the risk of surgical site infections: does chlorhexidine gluconate provide a risk reduction benefit?
    • Edmiston C.E., Bruden B., Rucinski M.C., Henen C., Graham M.B., Lewis B.L. Reducing the risk of surgical site infections: does chlorhexidine gluconate provide a risk reduction benefit?. Am J Infect Control 2013, 41:S49-S55.
    • (2013) Am J Infect Control , vol.41
    • Edmiston, C.E.1    Bruden, B.2    Rucinski, M.C.3    Henen, C.4    Graham, M.B.5    Lewis, B.L.6
  • 58
    • 84873382661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systematic review and meta-analysis of triclosan-coated sutures for the prevention of surgical-site infection
    • Wang Z.X., Jiang C.P., Cao Y., Ding Y.T. Systematic review and meta-analysis of triclosan-coated sutures for the prevention of surgical-site infection. Br J Surg 2013, 100:465-473.
    • (2013) Br J Surg , vol.100 , pp. 465-473
    • Wang, Z.X.1    Jiang, C.P.2    Cao, Y.3    Ding, Y.T.4
  • 59
    • 84887822370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recently introduced qacA/B genes in Staphylococcus epidermidis do not increase chlorhexidine MIC/MBC
    • Skovgaard S., Halberg Larsen M., Norby Nielsen L., et al. Recently introduced qacA/B genes in Staphylococcus epidermidis do not increase chlorhexidine MIC/MBC. JAntimicrob Chemother 2013, 68:2226-2233.
    • (2013) JAntimicrob Chemother , vol.68 , pp. 2226-2233
    • Skovgaard, S.1    Halberg Larsen, M.2    Norby Nielsen, L.3
  • 60
    • 84856367557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Control of MRSA in intensive care units
    • Kluytmans J., Harbarth S. Control of MRSA in intensive care units. BMJ 2011, 343:d5885.
    • (2011) BMJ , vol.343
    • Kluytmans, J.1    Harbarth, S.2
  • 61
    • 0017360039 scopus 로고
    • Drug resistance in relation to use of silver sulphadiazine cream in a burns unit
    • Bridges K., Lowbury E.J. Drug resistance in relation to use of silver sulphadiazine cream in a burns unit. JClin Pathol 1977, 30:160-164.
    • (1977) JClin Pathol , vol.30 , pp. 160-164
    • Bridges, K.1    Lowbury, E.J.2
  • 62
    • 0018078121 scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity of urine-grown cells of Providencia stuartii to antiseptics
    • Thomas B., Sykes L., Stickler D.J. Sensitivity of urine-grown cells of Providencia stuartii to antiseptics. JClin Pathol 1978, 31:929-932.
    • (1978) JClin Pathol , vol.31 , pp. 929-932
    • Thomas, B.1    Sykes, L.2    Stickler, D.J.3
  • 63
    • 0018417411 scopus 로고
    • Fourteen year survival of Pseudomonas cepacia in a salts solution preserved with benzalkonium chloride
    • Geftic S.G., Heymann H., Adair F.W. Fourteen year survival of Pseudomonas cepacia in a salts solution preserved with benzalkonium chloride. Appl Environ Microbiol 1979, 37:505-510.
    • (1979) Appl Environ Microbiol , vol.37 , pp. 505-510
    • Geftic, S.G.1    Heymann, H.2    Adair, F.W.3
  • 64
    • 0018688471 scopus 로고
    • Silver-resistant Enterobacteriaceae from hospital patients
    • Hendry A.T., Stewart I.O. Silver-resistant Enterobacteriaceae from hospital patients. Can J Microbiol 1979, 25:915-921.
    • (1979) Can J Microbiol , vol.25 , pp. 915-921
    • Hendry, A.T.1    Stewart, I.O.2
  • 65
    • 0020077688 scopus 로고
    • Isolation of chlorhexidine-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa from clinical lesions
    • Nakahara H., Kozukue H. Isolation of chlorhexidine-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa from clinical lesions. JClin Microbiol 1982, 15:166-168.
    • (1982) JClin Microbiol , vol.15 , pp. 166-168
    • Nakahara, H.1    Kozukue, H.2
  • 67
    • 0024747229 scopus 로고
    • Iodophor antiseptics: intrinsic microbial contamination with resistant bacteria
    • Anderson R.L. Iodophor antiseptics: intrinsic microbial contamination with resistant bacteria. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1989, 10:443-446.
    • (1989) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.10 , pp. 443-446
    • Anderson, R.L.1
  • 68
    • 0026166191 scopus 로고
    • Formaldehyde resistance in Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa: identification of resistance genes by DNA-hybridization
    • Wollmann A., Kaulfers P.M. Formaldehyde resistance in Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa: identification of resistance genes by DNA-hybridization. Zbl Hyg 1991, 191:449-456.
    • (1991) Zbl Hyg , vol.191 , pp. 449-456
    • Wollmann, A.1    Kaulfers, P.M.2
  • 69
    • 0038386692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of Serratia marcescens surviving in disinfecting footbaths
    • Langsrud S., Moretro T., Sundheim G. Characterization of Serratia marcescens surviving in disinfecting footbaths. JAppl Microbiol 2003, 95:186-195.
    • (2003) JAppl Microbiol , vol.95 , pp. 186-195
    • Langsrud, S.1    Moretro, T.2    Sundheim, G.3
  • 70
    • 47749112787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resistance and cross-resistance to oxidising agents of bacterial isolates from endoscope washer disinfectors
    • Martin D.J., Denyer S.P., McDonnell G., Maillard J.Y. Resistance and cross-resistance to oxidising agents of bacterial isolates from endoscope washer disinfectors. JHosp Infect 2008, 69:377-383.
    • (2008) JHosp Infect , vol.69 , pp. 377-383
    • Martin, D.J.1    Denyer, S.P.2    McDonnell, G.3    Maillard, J.Y.4
  • 71
    • 0031156868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Susceptibility of antibiotic-susceptible and antibiotic-resistant hospital bacteria to disinfectants
    • Rutala W.A., Stiegel M.M., Sarubbi F.A., Weber D.J. Susceptibility of antibiotic-susceptible and antibiotic-resistant hospital bacteria to disinfectants. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1997, 18:417-421.
    • (1997) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.18 , pp. 417-421
    • Rutala, W.A.1    Stiegel, M.M.2    Sarubbi, F.A.3    Weber, D.J.4
  • 72
    • 33646679119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bacterial contamination of keyboards: efficacy and functional impact of disinfectants
    • Rutala W.A., White M.S., Gergen M.F., Weber D.J. Bacterial contamination of keyboards: efficacy and functional impact of disinfectants. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2006, 27:372-377.
    • (2006) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.27 , pp. 372-377
    • Rutala, W.A.1    White, M.S.2    Gergen, M.F.3    Weber, D.J.4
  • 73
    • 34249705322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resistance to disinfectants in epidemiologically defined clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii
    • Wisplinghoff H., Schmitt R., Wohrmann A., Stefanik D., Seifert H. Resistance to disinfectants in epidemiologically defined clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii. JHosp Infect 2007, 66:174-181.
    • (2007) JHosp Infect , vol.66 , pp. 174-181
    • Wisplinghoff, H.1    Schmitt, R.2    Wohrmann, A.3    Stefanik, D.4    Seifert, H.5
  • 74
    • 84857438140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emergence and outbreak of carbapenemase-producing KPC-3 Klebsiella pneumoniae in Spain, September 2009 to February 2010: control measures
    • pii:20086
    • Robustillo Rodela A., Diaz-Agero P.C., Sanchez S.T., Ruiz-Garbajosa P., Pita Lopez M.J., Monge V. Emergence and outbreak of carbapenemase-producing KPC-3 Klebsiella pneumoniae in Spain, September 2009 to February 2010: control measures. Euro Surveill 2012, 17. pii:20086.
    • (2012) Euro Surveill , vol.17
    • Robustillo Rodela, A.1    Diaz-Agero, P.C.2    Sanchez, S.T.3    Ruiz-Garbajosa, P.4    Pita Lopez, M.J.5    Monge, V.6
  • 75
    • 84862143760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isolation, molecular characteristics and disinfection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from ICU units in Brazil
    • Campos G.B., Souza S.G., Lob O.T., et al. Isolation, molecular characteristics and disinfection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from ICU units in Brazil. New Microbiol 2012, 35:183-190.
    • (2012) New Microbiol , vol.35 , pp. 183-190
    • Campos, G.B.1    Souza, S.G.2    Lob, O.T.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.