메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 66, Issue 1, 2014, Pages

Arctic ocean freshwater composition, pathways and transformations from a passive tracer simulation

Author keywords

Arctic ocean; Freshwater; Passive tracers; Pathways; Water mass transformation

Indexed keywords

CLIMATOLOGY; FRESHWATER; HALOCLINE; RUNOFF; SALINITY; SEA ICE; THERMODYNAMICS; TRACER; WATER MASS; WIND FORCING;

EID: 84904906769     PISSN: 02806495     EISSN: 16000870     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3402/tellusa.v66.23988     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (12)

References (76)
  • 3
    • 0028797553 scopus 로고
    • Freshwater balance and the sources of deep and bottom waters in the Arctic Ocean inferred from the distribution of H218O
    • Bauch, D., Schlosser, P. and Fairbanks, R. G. 1995. Freshwater balance and the sources of deep and bottom waters in the Arctic Ocean inferred from the distribution of H218O. Progr. Oceanogr. 35, 53-80.
    • (1995) Progr. Oceanogr. , vol.35 , pp. 53-80
    • Bauch, D.1    Schlosser, P.2    Fairbanks, R.G.3
  • 4
  • 5
    • 0024491551 scopus 로고
    • A one-dimensional time-dependent model for the vertical stratification of the upper Arctic ocean
    • Björk, G. 1989. A one-dimensional time-dependent model for the vertical stratification of the upper Arctic ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 19, 52-67.
    • (1989) J. Phys. Oceanogr. , vol.19 , pp. 52-67
    • Björk, G.1
  • 6
    • 0036624108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Return of the cold halocline layer to the Amundsen Basin of the Arctic Ocean: implications for the sea ice mass balance
    • Björk, G., Söderkvist, J., Winsor, P., Nikolopoulos, A. and Steele, M. 2002. Return of the cold halocline layer to the Amundsen Basin of the Arctic Ocean: implications for the sea ice mass balance. Geophys. Res. Lett. 29, 1513.
    • (2002) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.29 , pp. 1513
    • Björk, G.1    Söderkvist, J.2    Winsor, P.3    Nikolopoulos, A.4    Steele, M.5
  • 7
    • 71849085926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An ERA40-based atmospheric forcing for global ocean circulation models
    • Brodeau, L., Barnier, B., Treguier, A.-M., Penduff, T. and Gulev, S. 2010. An ERA40-based atmospheric forcing for global ocean circulation models. Ocean Model. 31, 88-104.
    • (2010) Ocean Model , vol.31 , pp. 88-104
    • Brodeau, L.1    Barnier, B.2    Treguier, A.-M.3    Penduff, T.4    Gulev, S.5
  • 8
    • 17544400971 scopus 로고
    • The contribution of Alaskan, Siberian, and Canadian coastal polynyas to the cold halocline layer of the Arctic Ocean
    • Cavalieri, D. J. and Martin, S. 1994. The contribution of Alaskan, Siberian, and Canadian coastal polynyas to the cold halocline layer of the Arctic Ocean. J. Geophys. Res. 99, 18343-18362.
    • (1994) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.99 , pp. 18343-18362
    • Cavalieri, D.J.1    Martin, S.2
  • 9
    • 0000247663 scopus 로고
    • Surface Water in the Eurasian Basin of the Arctic Ocean
    • Coachman, L. K. and Barnes, C. A. 1962. Surface Water in the Eurasian Basin of the Arctic Ocean. Arctic. 15, 251-278.
    • (1962) Arctic , vol.15 , pp. 251-278
    • Coachman, L.K.1    Barnes, C.A.2
  • 10
    • 66849124895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulated response of the Arctic Freshwater budget to extreme NAO wind forcing
    • Condron, A., Winsor, P., Hill, C. and Menemenlis, D. 2009. Simulated response of the Arctic Freshwater budget to extreme NAO wind forcing. J. Clim. 22, 2422-2437.
    • (2009) J. Clim. , vol.22 , pp. 2422-2437
    • Condron, A.1    Winsor, P.2    Hill, C.3    Menemenlis, D.4
  • 11
    • 33745111817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atmospheric circulation and its effect on Arctic Sea Ice in CCSM3 simulations at medium and high resolution
    • DeWeaver, E. and Bitz, C. M. 2006. Atmospheric circulation and its effect on Arctic Sea Ice in CCSM3 simulations at medium and high resolution. J. Clim. 19, 2415-2436.
    • (2006) J. Clim. , vol.19 , pp. 2415-2436
    • DeWeaver, E.1    Bitz, C.M.2
  • 12
    • 41849151727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of atmospheric vorticity on the seasonal hydrographic cycle over the eastern Siberian shelf
    • Dmitrenko, I. A., Kirillov, S. A., Tremblay, L. B., Bauch, D. and Makhotin, M. 2008. Effects of atmospheric vorticity on the seasonal hydrographic cycle over the eastern Siberian shelf. Geophys. Res. Lett. 35, L03619.
    • (2008) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.35
    • Dmitrenko, I.A.1    Kirillov, S.A.2    Tremblay, L.B.3    Bauch, D.4    Makhotin, M.5
  • 13
    • 84868623118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The freshwater composition of the Fram Strait outflow derived from a decade of tracer measurements
    • Dodd, P. A., Rabe, B., Hansen, E., Falck, E., Mackensen, A. 2012. The freshwater composition of the Fram Strait outflow derived from a decade of tracer measurements. J. Geophys. Res. 117, C11005.
    • (2012) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.117
    • Dodd, P.A.1    Rabe, B.2    Hansen, E.3    Falck, E.4    Mackensen, A.5
  • 14
    • 77952882031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantifying Arctic contributions to climate predictability in a regional coupled ocean-ice-atmosphere model
    • Döscher, R., Wyser, K., Meier, H. E. M., Qian, M. and Redler, R. 2010. Quantifying Arctic contributions to climate predictability in a regional coupled ocean-ice-atmosphere model. Clim. Dyn. 34, 1157-1176.
    • (2010) Clim. Dyn. , vol.34 , pp. 1157-1176
    • Döscher, R.1    Wyser, K.2    Meier, H.E.M.3    Qian, M.4    Redler, R.5
  • 15
    • 0034947349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • River runoff, sea ice meltwater, and Pacific water distribution and mean residence times in the Arctic Ocean
    • Ekwurzel, B., Schlosser, P., Mortlock, R. A., Fairbanks, R. G. and Swift, J. H. H. 2001. River runoff, sea ice meltwater, and Pacific water distribution and mean residence times in the Arctic Ocean. J. Geophys. Res. 106, 9075-9092.
    • (2001) J. Geophys. Res , vol.106 , pp. 9075-9092
    • Ekwurzel, B.1    Schlosser, P.2    Mortlock, R.A.3    Fairbanks, R.G.4    Swift, J.H.H.5
  • 16
    • 84857877033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Western Arctic Ocean freshwater storage increased by wind-driven spin-up of the Beaufort Gyre
    • Giles, K. A., Laxon, S. W., Ridout, A. L., Wingham, D. J. and Bacon, S. 2012. Western Arctic Ocean freshwater storage increased by wind-driven spin-up of the Beaufort Gyre. Nat. Geosci. 5, 1-4.
    • (2012) Nat. Geosci. , vol.5 , pp. 1-4
    • Giles, K.A.1    Laxon, S.W.2    Ridout, A.L.3    Wingham, D.J.4    Bacon, S.5
  • 17
    • 77954336906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differentiating fluvial components of upper Canada Basin waters on the basis of measurements of dissolved barium combined with other physical and chemical tracers
    • Guay, C. K. H., McLaughlin, F. A. and Yamamoto-Kawai, M. 2009. Differentiating fluvial components of upper Canada Basin waters on the basis of measurements of dissolved barium combined with other physical and chemical tracers. J. Geophys. Res. 114, C00A09.
    • (2009) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.114
    • Guay, C.K.H.1    McLaughlin, F.A.2    Yamamoto-Kawai, M.3
  • 18
    • 0033662325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling Siberian river runoff -implications for contaminant transport in the Arctic Ocean
    • Harms, I. H., Karcher, M. J. and Dethleff, D. 2000. Modelling Siberian river runoff -implications for contaminant transport in the Arctic Ocean. J. Mar. Syst. 27, 95-115.
    • (2000) J. Mar. Syst. , vol.27 , pp. 95-115
    • Harms, I.H.1    Karcher, M.J.2    Dethleff, D.3
  • 20
    • 0001439727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An elastic-viscous-plastic model for sea ice dynamics
    • Hunke, E. C. and Dukowicz, J. K. 1997. An elastic-viscous-plastic model for sea ice dynamics. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 27, 1849-1867.
    • (1997) J. Phys. Oceanogr. , vol.27 , pp. 1849-1867
    • Hunke, E.C.1    Dukowicz, J.K.2
  • 21
    • 19244367363 scopus 로고
    • Laboratory simulation of exchange through Fram Strait
    • Hunkins, K. and Whitehead, J. A. 1992. Laboratory simulation of exchange through Fram Strait. J. Geophys. Res. 97, 11299-11321.
    • (1992) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.97 , pp. 11299-11321
    • Hunkins, K.1    Whitehead, J.A.2
  • 23
    • 77955196731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A tracer study of the Arctic Ocean's liquid freshwater export variability
    • Jahn, A., Tremblay, L. B., Newton, R., Holland, M. M., Mysak, L. A.et al 2010. A tracer study of the Arctic Ocean's liquid freshwater export variability. J. Geophys. Res. 115, C07015.
    • (2010) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.115
    • Jahn, A.1    Tremblay, L.B.2    Newton, R.3    Holland, M.M.4    Mysak, L.A.5
  • 24
    • 56049114219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is the global conveyor belt threatened by Arctic Ocean Fresh Water outflow?
    • (eds. R. R. Dickson, J. Meincke and P. Rhines) Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands
    • Jones, E. P. and Anderson, L. G. 2008. Is the global conveyor belt threatened by Arctic Ocean Fresh Water outflow? In: Arctic-Subarctic Ocean Fluxes (eds. R. R. Dickson, J. Meincke and P. Rhines) Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp. 385-404.
    • (2008) In: Arctic-Subarctic Ocean Fluxes , pp. 385-404
    • Jones, E.P.1    Anderson, L.G.2
  • 25
    • 56049128189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pacific freshwater, river water and sea ice meltwater across Arctic Ocean basins: results from the 2005 Beringia expedition
    • Jones, E. P., Anderson, L. G., Jutterstrom, S., Mintrop, L. and Swift, J. H. H. 2008. Pacific freshwater, river water and sea ice meltwater across Arctic Ocean basins: results from the 2005 Beringia expedition. J. Geophys. Res. 113, C08012.
    • (2008) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.113
    • Jones, E.P.1    Anderson, L.G.2    Jutterstrom, S.3    Mintrop, L.4    Swift, J.H.H.5
  • 27
    • 0037098758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathways and modification of the upper and intermediate waters of the Arctic Ocean
    • Karcher, M. J. and Oberhuber, J. M. 2002. Pathways and modification of the upper and intermediate waters of the Arctic Ocean. J. Geophys. Res. 107, 3049.
    • (2002) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.107 , pp. 3049
    • Karcher, M.J.1    Oberhuber, J.M.2
  • 28
    • 0028591570 scopus 로고
    • Oceanic vertical mixing: a review and a model with a nonlocal boundary layer parameterization
    • Large, W. G., McWilliams, J. C. and Doney, S. C. 1994. Oceanic vertical mixing: a review and a model with a nonlocal boundary layer parameterization. Rev. Geophys. 32, 363.
    • (1994) Rev. Geophys. , vol.32 , pp. 363
    • Large, W.G.1    McWilliams, J.C.2    Doney, S.C.3
  • 29
    • 77953605073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the origins of water masses exported along both sides of Greenland: a Lagrangian model analysis
    • Lique, C., Treguier, A.-M., Blanke, B. and Grima, N. 2010. On the origins of water masses exported along both sides of Greenland: a Lagrangian model analysis. J. Geophys. Res. 115, C05019.
    • (2010) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.115
    • Lique, C.1    Treguier, A.-M.2    Blanke, B.3    Grima, N.4
  • 30
    • 64049090226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NEMO Ocean Engine
    • Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace (IPSL), France
    • Madec, G. 2008. NEMO Ocean Engine. Note du Pole de modé lisation 27. Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace (IPSL), France.
    • (2008) Note du Pole de modé lisation 27
    • Madec, G.1
  • 31
    • 84859914970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ridged sea ice characteristics in the Arctic from a coupled multicategory sea ice model
    • Mårtensson, S., Meier, H. E. M., Pemberton, P. and Haapala, J. 2012. Ridged sea ice characteristics in the Arctic from a coupled multicategory sea ice model. J. Geophys. Res. 117, C00D15.
    • (2012) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.117
    • Mårtensson, S.1    Meier, H.E.M.2    Pemberton, P.3    Haapala, J.4
  • 32
    • 85009286595 scopus 로고
    • Contributions of the Siberian shelf polynyas to the Arctic Ocean intermediate and deep water
    • Martin, S. and Cavalieri, D. J. 1989. Contributions of the Siberian shelf polynyas to the Arctic Ocean intermediate and deep water. J. Geophys. Res. 94, 12725.
    • (1989) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.94 , pp. 12725
    • Martin, S.1    Cavalieri, D.J.2
  • 33
    • 0035862102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Future of the Arctic sea ice cover: implications of an Antarctic analog
    • Martinson, D. G. and Steele, M. 2001. Future of the Arctic sea ice cover: implications of an Antarctic analog. Geophys. Res. Lett. 28, 307-310.
    • (2001) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.28 , pp. 307-310
    • Martinson, D.G.1    Steele, M.2
  • 36
    • 0344121211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multiprocessor coupled ice-ocean model for the Baltic Sea: application to salt inflow
    • Meier, H. E. M., Döscher, R. and Faxen, T. 2003. A multiprocessor coupled ice-ocean model for the Baltic Sea: application to salt inflow. J. Geophys. Res. 108, 3273.
    • (2003) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.108 , pp. 3273
    • Meier, H.E.M.1    Döscher, R.2    Faxen, T.3
  • 39
    • 34548543849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A simple model of the Arctic Ocean response to annular atmospheric modes
    • Newton, B., Tremblay, L. B., Cane, M. A. and Schlosser, P. 2006. A simple model of the Arctic Ocean response to annular atmospheric modes. J. Geophys. Res. 111, C09019.
    • (2006) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.111
    • Newton, B.1    Tremblay, L.B.2    Cane, M.A.3    Schlosser, P.4
  • 40
    • 57749200853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Freshwater distribution in the Arctic Ocean: simulation with a high-resolution model and model-data comparison
    • Newton, R., Schlosser, P., Martinson, D. G. and Maslowski, W. 2008. Freshwater distribution in the Arctic Ocean: simulation with a high-resolution model and model-data comparison. J. Geophys. Res. 113, C05024.
    • (2008) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.113
    • Newton, R.1    Schlosser, P.2    Martinson, D.G.3    Maslowski, W.4
  • 41
    • 84878101015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Canadian Basin freshwater sources and changes: results from the 2005 Arctic Ocean Section
    • Newton, R., Schlosser, P., Mortlock, R., Swift, J. H. H. and Macdonald, R. W. 2013. Canadian Basin freshwater sources and changes: results from the 2005 Arctic Ocean Section. J. Geophys. Res. 118, 2133-2154.
    • (2013) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.118 , pp. 2133-2154
    • Newton, R.1    Schlosser, P.2    Mortlock, R.3    Swift, J.H.H.4    Macdonald, R.W.5
  • 42
    • 84864518513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Source and pathway of the Western Arctic upper halocline in a dataconstrained coupled ocean and sea ice model
    • Nguyen, A. T., Kwok, R. and Menemenlis, D. 2012. Source and pathway of the Western Arctic upper halocline in a dataconstrained coupled ocean and sea ice model. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 42, 802-823.
    • (2012) J. Phys. Oceanogr. , vol.42 , pp. 802-823
    • Nguyen, A.T.1    Kwok, R.2    Menemenlis, D.3
  • 43
    • 46449118772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Liquid freshwater transport and polar surface water characteristics in the East Greenland current during the AO-02 Oden expedition
    • Nilsson, J., Björk, G., Rudels, B., Winsor, P. and Torres, D. J. 2008. Liquid freshwater transport and polar surface water characteristics in the East Greenland current during the AO-02 Oden expedition. Progr. Oceanogr. 78, 45-57.
    • (2008) Progr. Oceanogr , vol.78 , pp. 45-57
    • Nilsson, J.1    Björk, G.2    Rudels, B.3    Winsor, P.4    Torres, D.J.5
  • 44
    • 0021461645 scopus 로고
    • Arctic Ocean water mass balance from isotope data
    • Östlund, H. G. and Hut, G. 1984. Arctic Ocean water mass balance from isotope data. J. Geophys. Res. 89, 6373-6381.
    • (1984) J. Geophys. Res , vol.89 , pp. 6373-6381
    • Östlund, H.G.1    Hut, G.2
  • 45
    • 3042756402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shelfbreak circulation in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea: mean structure and variability
    • Pickart, R. S. 2004. Shelfbreak circulation in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea: mean structure and variability. J. Geophys. Res. 109, C04024.
    • (2004) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.109
    • Pickart, R.S.1
  • 47
    • 0036950902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of the Beaufort Gyre in Arctic climate variability: seasonal to decadal climate scales
    • Proshutinsky, A., Bourke, R. H. and McLaughlin, F. A. 2002. The role of the Beaufort Gyre in Arctic climate variability: seasonal to decadal climate scales. Geophys. Res. Lett. 29, 2100.
    • (2002) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.29 , pp. 2100
    • Proshutinsky, A.1    Bourke, R.H.2    McLaughlin, F.A.3
  • 49
    • 0030859852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two circulation regimes of the wind-driven Arctic Ocean
    • Proshutinsky, A. Y. and Johnson, M. A. 1997. Two circulation regimes of the wind-driven Arctic Ocean. J. Geophys. Res. 102, 12493-12514.
    • (1997) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.102 , pp. 12493-12514
    • Proshutinsky, A.Y.1    Johnson, M.A.2
  • 50
    • 84874361995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Liquid export of Arctic freshwater components through the Fram Strait 1998-2011
    • Rabe, B., Dodd, P. A., Hansen, E., Falck, E., Schauer, U.. 2013. Liquid export of Arctic freshwater components through the Fram Strait 1998-2011. Ocean Sci. 9, 91-109. and co-authors
    • (2013) Ocean Sci , vol.9 , pp. 91-109
    • Rabe, B.1    Dodd, P.A.2    Hansen, E.3    Falck, E.4    Schauer, U.5
  • 52
    • 77954932659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Freshwater components and transports in the Fram Strait- recent observations and changes since the late 1990s
    • Rabe, B., Schauer, U., Mackensen, A., Karcher, M. J., Hansen, E. 2009. Freshwater components and transports in the Fram Strait- recent observations and changes since the late 1990s. Ocean Sci. 5, 219-233.
    • (2009) Ocean Sci , vol.5 , pp. 219233
    • Rabe, B.1    Schauer, U.2    Mackensen, A.3    Karcher, M.J.4    Hansen, E.5
  • 53
    • 77955250738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Constraints on exchanges in the Arctic Mediterranean -do they exist and can they be of use?
    • Rudels, B. 2010. Constraints on exchanges in the Arctic Mediterranean -do they exist and can they be of use? Tellus A. 62, 109-122.
    • (2010) Tellus A , vol.62 , pp. 109-122
    • Rudels, B.1
  • 54
    • 0029769581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Formation and evolution of the surface mixed layer and halocline of the Arctic Ocean
    • Rudels, B., Anderson, L. G. and Jones, E. 1996. Formation and evolution of the surface mixed layer and halocline of the Arctic Ocean. J. Geophys. Res. 101, 8807-8821.
    • (1996) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.101 , pp. 8807-8821
    • Rudels, B.1    Anderson, L.G.2    Jones, E.3
  • 55
    • 11244343984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atlantic sources of the Arctic Ocean surface and halocline waters
    • Rudels, B., Jones, E. and Schauer, U. 2004. Atlantic sources of the Arctic Ocean surface and halocline waters. Polar Res 23, 181-208.
    • (2004) Polar Res , vol.23 , pp. 181-208
    • Rudels, B.1    Jones, E.2    Schauer, U.3
  • 56
    • 84886426123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Observations of water masses and circulation with focus on the Eurasian Basin of the Arctic Ocean from the 1990s to the late 2000s
    • Rudels, B., Schauer, U., Björk, G., Korhonen, M., Pisarev, S. 2013. Observations of water masses and circulation with focus on the Eurasian Basin of the Arctic Ocean from the 1990s to the late 2000s. Ocean Sci. 9, 147-169.
    • (2013) Ocean Sci , vol.9 , pp. 147169
    • Rudels, B.1    Schauer, U.2    Björk, G.3    Korhonen, M.4    Pisarev, S.5
  • 57
    • 0028255051 scopus 로고
    • Arctic river-runoff: mean residence time on the shelves and in the halocline
    • Schlosser, P., Bauch, D., Fairbanks, R. and Bönisch, G. 1994. Arctic river-runoff: mean residence time on the shelves and in the halocline. Deep Sea Res. 41, 1053-1068.
    • (1994) Deep Sea Res , vol.41 , pp. 1053-1068
    • Schlosser, P.1    Bauch, D.2    Fairbanks, R.3    Bönisch, G.4
  • 58
    • 0000267351 scopus 로고
    • A model for the thermodynamic growth of sea ice in numerical investigations of climate
    • Semtner, A. J. 1976. A model for the thermodynamic growth of sea ice in numerical investigations of climate. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 6, 379-389.
    • (1976) J. Phys. Oceanogr. , vol.6 , pp. 379-389
    • Semtner, A.J.1
  • 60
    • 84888062656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the circulation of Atlantic water in the Arctic Ocean
    • Spall, M. A. 2013. On the circulation of Atlantic water in the Arctic Ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 43, 2352-2371.
    • (2013) J. Phys. Oceanogr. , vol.43 , pp. 2352-2371
    • Spall, M.A.1
  • 62
    • 0032523608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retreat of the cold halocline layer in the Arctic Ocean
    • Steele, M. and Boyd, T. 1998. Retreat of the cold halocline layer in the Arctic Ocean. J. Geophys. Res. 103, 10419-10435.
    • (1998) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.103 , pp. 10419-10435
    • Steele, M.1    Boyd, T.2
  • 64
    • 0028810033 scopus 로고
    • Halocline water formation in the Barents Sea
    • Steele, M., Morison, J. H. and Curtin, T. B. 1995. Halocline water formation in the Barents Sea. J. Geophys. Res. 100, 881.
    • (1995) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.100 , pp. 881
    • Steele, M.1    Morison, J.H.2    Curtin, T.B.3
  • 65
    • 0035324968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PHC: a global ocean hydrography with a high-quality Arctic Ocean
    • Steele, M., Morley, R. and Ermold, W. 2001. PHC: a global ocean hydrography with a high-quality Arctic Ocean. J. Clim. 14, 2079-2087.
    • (2001) J. Clim. , vol.14 , pp. 2079-2087
    • Steele, M.1    Morley, R.2    Ermold, W.3
  • 66
    • 0001650085 scopus 로고
    • The open boundary-condition in the United Kingdom fine-resolution Antarctic model
    • Stevens, D. P. 1991. The open boundary-condition in the United Kingdom fine-resolution Antarctic model. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 21, 1494-1499.
    • (1991) J. Phys. Oceanogr , vol.21 , pp. 1494-1499
    • Stevens, D.P.1
  • 67
    • 0019355642 scopus 로고
    • A model for the thickness and salinity of the upper layer in the Arctic Ocean and the relationship between the ice thickness and some external parameters
    • Stigebrandt, A. 1981. A model for the thickness and salinity of the upper layer in the Arctic Ocean and the relationship between the ice thickness and some external parameters. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 11, 1407-1422.
    • (1981) J. Phys. Oceanogr. , vol.11 , pp. 1407-1422
    • Stigebrandt, A.1
  • 68
    • 0017444049 scopus 로고
    • A theoretical framework for the description of estuaries
    • Walin, G. 1977. A theoretical framework for the description of estuaries. Tellus. 29, 128-136.
    • (1977) Tellus , vol.29 , pp. 128-136
    • Walin, G.1
  • 69
    • 0001287574 scopus 로고
    • On the relation between sea-surface heat flow and thermal circulation in the ocean
    • Walin, G. 1982. On the relation between sea-surface heat flow and thermal circulation in the ocean. Tellus. 34, 187-195.
    • (1982) Tellus , vol.34 , pp. 187-195
    • Walin, G.1
  • 70
    • 0001654808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multiprocessor ocean general circulation model using message passing
    • Webb, D., Coward, A. C., deCuevas, B. and Gwilliam, C. 1997. A multiprocessor ocean general circulation model using message passing. J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. 14, 175-183.
    • (1997) J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. , vol.14 , pp. 175-183
    • Webb, D.1    Coward, A.C.2    deCuevas, B.3    Gwilliam, C.4
  • 71
    • 0033665442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polynya activity in the Arctic Ocean from 1958 to 1997
    • Winsor, P. and Björk, G. 2000. Polynya activity in the Arctic Ocean from 1958 to 1997. J. Geophys. Res. 105, 8789-8803.
    • (2000) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.105 , pp. 8789-8803
    • Winsor, P.1    Björk, G.2
  • 72
    • 19744366004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monthly temperature, salinity, and transport variability of the Bering Strait through flow
    • Woodgate, R. A., Aagaard, K. and Weingartner, T. J. 2005. Monthly temperature, salinity, and transport variability of the Bering Strait through flow. Geophys. Res. Lett. 32, L04601.
    • (2005) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.32
    • Woodgate, R.A.1    Aagaard, K.2    Weingartner, T.J.3
  • 74
    • 28844441760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Freshwater and brine behaviors in the Arctic Ocean deduced from historical data of delta O-18 and alkalinity (1929-2002 AD)
    • Yamamoto-Kawai, M., Tanaka, N. and Pivovarov, S. 2005. Freshwater and brine behaviors in the Arctic Ocean deduced from historical data of delta O-18 and alkalinity (1929-2002 AD). J. Geophys. Res. 110, C10003.
    • (2005) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.110
    • Yamamoto-Kawai, M.1    Tanaka, N.2    Pivovarov, S.3
  • 75
    • 77949335618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating the uncertainty induced by the virtual salt flux assumption in climate simulations and future projections
    • Yin, J., Stouffer, R. J., Spelman, M. J. and Griffies, S. M. 2010. Evaluating the uncertainty induced by the virtual salt flux assumption in climate simulations and future projections. J. Clim. 23, 80-96.
    • (2010) J. Clim. , vol.23 , pp. 80-96
    • Yin, J.1    Stouffer, R.J.2    Spelman, M.J.3    Griffies, S.M.4
  • 76
    • 34250702647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of vertical mixing on the Atlantic water layer circulation in the Arctic Ocean
    • Zhang, J. and Steele, M. 2007. Effect of vertical mixing on the Atlantic water layer circulation in the Arctic Ocean. J. Geophys. Res. 112, C04S04.
    • (2007) J. Geophys. Res , vol.112
    • Zhang, J.1    Steele, M.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.