메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 5, Issue MAY, 2014, Pages

Counterfactual thinking in moral judgment: An experimental study

Author keywords

Aging; Decision making; Gender; Moral dilemma; Utilitaristic reasoning

Indexed keywords


EID: 84904541731     PISSN: None     EISSN: 16641078     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00451     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (25)

References (46)
  • 1
    • 84899111532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neural correlates of moral judgments in first- and third-person perspectives: implications for neuroethics and beyond
    • doi: 10.1186/1471-2202-15-39
    • Avram, M., Hennig-Fast, K., Bao, Y., Pöppel, E., Reiser, M., Blautzik, J., et al. (2014). Neural correlates of moral judgments in first- and third-person perspectives: implications for neuroethics and beyond. BMC Neurosci. 1:39. doi: 10.1186/1471-2202-15-39
    • (2014) BMC Neurosci , vol.1 , pp. 39
    • Avram, M.1    Hennig-Fast, K.2    Bao, Y.3    Pöppel, E.4    Reiser, M.5    Blautzik, J.6
  • 2
    • 3543119581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The empathy quotient: an investigation of adults with asperger syndrome or high functioning autism, and normal sex differences
    • doi: 10.1023/B:JADD.0000022607.19833.00
    • Baron-Cohen, S., and Wheelwright, S. (2004). The empathy quotient: an investigation of adults with asperger syndrome or high functioning autism, and normal sex differences. J. Autism Dev. Disord. 34, 163-175. doi: 10.1023/B:JADD.0000022607.19833.00
    • (2004) J. Autism Dev. Disord , vol.34 , pp. 163-175
    • Baron-Cohen, S.1    Wheelwright, S.2
  • 3
    • 0030590030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rape and accident counterfactuals: who might have done otherwise and would it have changed the outcome?
    • doi: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.1996.tb01124.x
    • Branscombe, N., Owen, S., Garstka, T., and Coleman, J. (1996). Rape and accident counterfactuals: who might have done otherwise and would it have changed the outcome? J. Appl. Soc. Psychol. 26, 1042-1067. doi: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.1996.tb01124.x
    • (1996) J. Appl. Soc. Psychol , vol.26 , pp. 1042-1067
    • Branscombe, N.1    Owen, S.2    Garstka, T.3    Coleman, J.4
  • 4
    • 0032825578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deductive reasoning with factual, possible, and counterfactual conditionals
    • doi: 10.3758/BF03211565
    • Byrne, R. M., and Tasso, A. (1999). Deductive reasoning with factual, possible, and counterfactual conditionals. Mem. Cognit. 27, 726-740. doi: 10.3758/BF03211565
    • (1999) Mem. Cognit , vol.27 , pp. 726-740
    • Byrne, R.M.1    Tasso, A.2
  • 5
    • 0036823941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mental models and counterfactual thoughts about what might have been
    • doi: 10.1016/S1364-6613(02)01974-5
    • Byrne, R. M. J. (2002). Mental models and counterfactual thoughts about what might have been. Trends Cogn. Sci. 6, 426-431. doi: 10.1016/S1364-6613(02)01974-5
    • (2002) Trends Cogn. Sci , vol.6 , pp. 426-431
    • Byrne, R.M.J.1
  • 6
    • 21344457760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Rational Imagination: How People Create Alternatives to Reality
    • Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
    • Byrne, R. M. J. (2005). The Rational Imagination: How People Create Alternatives to Reality. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
    • (2005)
    • Byrne, R.M.J.1
  • 7
    • 33745745579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why sex matters for neuroscience
    • doi: 10.1038/nrn1909
    • Cahill, L. (2006). Why sex matters for neuroscience. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 7, 477-484. doi: 10.1038/nrn1909
    • (2006) Nat. Rev. Neurosci , vol.7 , pp. 477-484
    • Cahill, L.1
  • 8
    • 2442707672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The involvement of the orbitofrontal cortex in the experience of regret
    • doi: 10.1126/science.1094550
    • Camille, N., Coricelli, G., Sallet, J., Pradat-Diehl, P., Duhamel, J. R., and Sirigu, A. (2004). The involvement of the orbitofrontal cortex in the experience of regret. Science 304, 1167-1170. doi: 10.1126/science.1094550
    • (2004) Science , vol.304 , pp. 1167-1170
    • Camille, N.1    Coricelli, G.2    Sallet, J.3    Pradat-Diehl, P.4    Duhamel, J.R.5    Sirigu, A.6
  • 9
    • 34249325871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain, emotion and decision making: the paradigmatic example of regret
    • doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2007.04.003
    • Coricelli, G., Dolan, R. J., and Sirigu, A. (2007). Brain, emotion and decision making: the paradigmatic example of regret. Trends Cogn. Sci. 11, 258-265. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2007.04.003
    • (2007) Trends Cogn. Sci , vol.11 , pp. 258-265
    • Coricelli, G.1    Dolan, R.J.2    Sirigu, A.3
  • 10
    • 77950272488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are processing speed tasks biomarkers of cognitive aging?
    • doi: 10.1037/a0017750
    • Deary, I. J., Johnson, W., and Starr, J. M. (2010). Are processing speed tasks biomarkers of cognitive aging? Psychol. Aging 25, 219-228. doi: 10.1037/a0017750
    • (2010) Psychol. Aging , vol.25 , pp. 219-228
    • Deary, I.J.1    Johnson, W.2    Starr, J.M.3
  • 11
    • 84857608173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Slowing down: age-related neurobiological predictors of processing speed
    • doi: 10.3389/fnins.2011.0002
    • Eckert, M. A. (2011). Slowing down: age-related neurobiological predictors of processing speed. Front. Neurosci. 5:25. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2011.0002
    • (2011) Front. Neurosci , vol.5 , pp. 25
    • Eckert, M.A.1
  • 12
    • 33644625843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The development of empathy-related responding
    • Nebraska Symposium on Motivation (Lincoln, NE)
    • Eisenberg, N. (2005). "The development of empathy-related responding," in Nebraska Symposium on Motivation (Lincoln, NE), 73.
    • (2005) , pp. 73
    • Eisenberg, N.1
  • 13
    • 0003806865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alchemies of the Mind
    • Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
    • Elster, J. (1999). Alchemies of the Mind. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1999)
    • Elster, J.1
  • 14
    • 42649095179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The functional theory of counterfactual thinking
    • doi: 10.1177/1088868308316091
    • Epstude, K., and Roese, N. J. (2008). The functional theory of counterfactual thinking. Pers. Soc. Psychol. Rev. 12, 168-192. doi: 10.1177/1088868308316091
    • (2008) Pers. Soc. Psychol. Rev , vol.12 , pp. 168-192
    • Epstude, K.1    Roese, N.J.2
  • 16
    • 77749258170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain switches utilitarian behavior: does gender make the difference?
    • doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008865
    • Fumagalli, M., Vergari, M., Pasqualetti, P., Marceglia, S., Mameli, F., Ferrucci, R., et al. (2010b). Brain switches utilitarian behavior: does gender make the difference? PLoS ONE 5:e8865. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008865
    • (2010) PLoS ONE , vol.5 , pp. 8865
    • Fumagalli, M.1    Vergari, M.2    Pasqualetti, P.3    Marceglia, S.4    Mameli, F.5    Ferrucci, R.6
  • 17
    • 2542609880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Looking forward to looking backward the misprediction of regret
    • doi: 10.1111/j.0956-7976.2004.00681.x
    • Gilbert, D. T., Morewedge, C. K., Risen, J. L., and Wilson, T. D. (2004). Looking forward to looking backward the misprediction of regret. Psychol. Sci. 15, 346-350. doi: 10.1111/j.0956-7976.2004.00681.x
    • (2004) Psychol. Sci , vol.15 , pp. 346-350
    • Gilbert, D.T.1    Morewedge, C.K.2    Risen, J.L.3    Wilson, T.D.4
  • 18
    • 0003509730 scopus 로고
    • In a Different Voice: Psychological Theory and Women's Development
    • Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
    • Gilligan, C. (1982). In a Different Voice: Psychological Theory and Women's Development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
    • (1982)
    • Gilligan, C.1
  • 19
    • 34250326312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postdecisional counterfactual thinking by actors and readers
    • doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01931.x
    • Girotto, V., Ferrante, D., Pighin, S., and Gonzalez, M. (2007). Postdecisional counterfactual thinking by actors and readers. Psychol. Sci. 18, 510-515. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01931.x
    • (2007) Psychol. Sci , vol.18 , pp. 510-515
    • Girotto, V.1    Ferrante, D.2    Pighin, S.3    Gonzalez, M.4
  • 20
    • 0001561717 scopus 로고
    • Event controllability in counterfactual thinking
    • doi: 10.1016/0001-6918(91)90007-M
    • Girotto, V., Legrenzi, P., and Rizzo, A. (1991). Event controllability in counterfactual thinking. Acta Psychol. 78, 111-133. doi: 10.1016/0001-6918(91)90007-M
    • (1991) Acta Psychol , vol.78 , pp. 111-133
    • Girotto, V.1    Legrenzi, P.2    Rizzo, A.3
  • 21
    • 64049104583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dual-process morality and the personal/impersonal distinction: a reply to McGuire, Langdon, Coltheart, and Mackenzie
    • doi: 10.1016/j.jesp.2009.01.003
    • Greene, J. D. (2009). Dual-process morality and the personal/impersonal distinction: a reply to McGuire, Langdon, Coltheart, and Mackenzie. J. Exp. Soc. Psychol. 45, 581-584. doi: 10.1016/j.jesp.2009.01.003
    • (2009) J. Exp. Soc. Psychol , vol.45 , pp. 581-584
    • Greene, J.D.1
  • 22
    • 5144233175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The neural bases of cognitive conflict and control in moral judgment
    • doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2004.09.027
    • Greene, J. D., Nystrom, L. E., Engell, A. D., Darley, J. M., and Cohen, J. D. (2004). The neural bases of cognitive conflict and control in moral judgment. Neuron 44, 389-400. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2004.09.027
    • (2004) Neuron , vol.44 , pp. 389-400
    • Greene, J.D.1    Nystrom, L.E.2    Engell, A.D.3    Darley, J.M.4    Cohen, J.D.5
  • 23
    • 0035860542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An fMRI investigation of emotional engagement in moral judgment
    • doi: 10.1126/science.1062872
    • Greene, J. D., Sommerville, R. B., Nystrom, L. E., Darley, J. M., and Cohen, J. D. (2001). An fMRI investigation of emotional engagement in moral judgment. Science 293, 2105-2108. doi: 10.1126/science.1062872
    • (2001) Science , vol.293 , pp. 2105-2108
    • Greene, J.D.1    Sommerville, R.B.2    Nystrom, L.E.3    Darley, J.M.4    Cohen, J.D.5
  • 24
    • 58149127292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender differences in neural mechanisms underlying moral sensitivity
    • doi: 10.1093/scan/nsn026
    • Harenski, C. L., Antonenko, O., Shane, M. S., and Kiehl, K. A. (2008). Gender differences in neural mechanisms underlying moral sensitivity. Soc. Cogn. Affect. Neurosci. 3, 313-321. doi: 10.1093/scan/nsn026
    • (2008) Soc. Cogn. Affect. Neurosci , vol.3 , pp. 313-321
    • Harenski, C.L.1    Antonenko, O.2    Shane, M.S.3    Kiehl, K.A.4
  • 25
    • 0001625073 scopus 로고
    • Constructing and reconstructing the past and the future in the present
    • eds E. T. Higgins and R. M. Sorrentino (New York, NY: The Guilford Press
    • Johnson, M. K., and Sherman, S. J. (1990). "Constructing and reconstructing the past and the future in the present," Handbook of Motivation and Cognition: Foundations of Social Behavior, eds E. T. Higgins and R. M. Sorrentino (New York, NY: The Guilford Press), 482-526.
    • (1990) Handbook of Motivation and Cognition: Foundations of Social Behavior , pp. 482-526
    • Johnson, M.K.1    Sherman, S.J.2
  • 26
    • 0035146176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex differences in extrastriatal dopamine D2-like receptors in the human brain
    • doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.158.2.308
    • Kaasinen, V., Någren, K., Hietala, J., Farde, L., and Rinne, J. O. (2001). Sex differences in extrastriatal dopamine D2-like receptors in the human brain. Am. J. Psychiatry 158, 308-311. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.158.2.308
    • (2001) Am. J. Psychiatry , vol.158 , pp. 308-311
    • Kaasinen, V.1    Någren, K.2    Hietala, J.3    Farde, L.4    Rinne, J.O.5
  • 27
    • 0003768818 scopus 로고
    • Judgment Under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases
    • New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
    • Kahneman, D., Slovic, P., and Tversky, A. (1982). Judgment Under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1982)
    • Kahneman, D.1    Slovic, P.2    Tversky, A.3
  • 28
    • 34547463160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex hormones influence human cognitive pattern
    • Kimura, D. (2002). Sex hormones influence human cognitive pattern. Neuro Endocrinol. Lett. 23, 67-77.
    • (2002) Neuro Endocrinol. Lett , vol.23 , pp. 67-77
    • Kimura, D.1
  • 29
    • 0001698426 scopus 로고
    • Development of moral character and moral ideology
    • eds M. L. Hoffman and L. W. Hoffman (New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation)
    • Kohlberg, L. (1964) "Development of moral character and moral ideology," in Review of Child Development Research, eds M. L. Hoffman and L. W. Hoffman (New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation), 383-432.
    • (1964) Review of Child Development Research , pp. 383-432
    • Kohlberg, L.1
  • 30
    • 76749166567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Counterfactual thought experiments: a necessary teaching tool
    • doi: 10.2307/30036985
    • Lebow, R. N. (2007). Counterfactual thought experiments: a necessary teaching tool. Hist. Teacher 40, 153-176. doi: 10.2307/30036985
    • (2007) Hist. Teacher , vol.40 , pp. 153-176
    • Lebow, R.N.1
  • 31
    • 84916973291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychology of Counter Factual Thinking
    • Oxford, UK: Routledge.
    • Mandel, D. R., Hilton, D. J., and Catellani, P. (2005). Psychology of Counter Factual Thinking. Oxford, UK: Routledge.
    • (2005)
    • Mandel, D.R.1    Hilton, D.J.2    Catellani, P.3
  • 32
    • 64049093694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A reanalysis of the personal/impersonal distinction in moral psychology research
    • doi: 10.1016/j.jesp.2009.01.002
    • McGuire, J., Langdon, R., Coltheart, M., and Mackenzie, C. (2009). A reanalysis of the personal/impersonal distinction in moral psychology research. J. Exp. Soc. Psychol. 45, 577-580. doi: 10.1016/j.jesp.2009.01.002
    • (2009) J. Exp. Soc. Psychol , vol.45 , pp. 577-580
    • McGuire, J.1    Langdon, R.2    Coltheart, M.3    Mackenzie, C.4
  • 33
    • 33947532286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Universal moral grammar: theory, evidence and the future
    • doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2006.12.007
    • Mikhail, J. (2007). Universal moral grammar: theory, evidence and the future. Trends Cogn. Sci. 11, 143-152. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2006.12.007
    • (2007) Trends Cogn. Sci , vol.11 , pp. 143-152
    • Mikhail, J.1
  • 34
    • 0031138846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When does action elicit more regret than inaction and is counterfactual mutation the mediator of this effect?
    • doi: 10.1006/jesp.1996.1322
    • N'gbala, A., and Branscombe, N. (1997). When does action elicit more regret than inaction and is counterfactual mutation the mediator of this effect? J. Exp. Soc. Psychol. 33, 324-343. doi: 10.1006/jesp.1996.1322
    • (1997) J. Exp. Soc. Psychol , vol.33 , pp. 324-343
    • N'gbala, A.1    Branscombe, N.2
  • 35
    • 79960130172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Actor-Observer Bias and moral intuitions: adding fuel to sinnott-armstrong's fire
    • doi: 10.1007/s12152-008-9015-7
    • Nadelhoffer, T., and Feltz, A. (2008). The Actor-Observer Bias and moral intuitions: adding fuel to sinnott-armstrong's fire. Neuroethics 1, 133-144. doi: 10.1007/s12152-008-9015-7
    • (2008) Neuroethics , vol.1 , pp. 133-144
    • Nadelhoffer, T.1    Feltz, A.2
  • 36
    • 76749089251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Counterfactual reasoning: developing a sense of "nearest possible world"
    • doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01401.x
    • Rafetseder, E., Cristi-Vargas, R., and Perner, J. (2010). Counterfactual reasoning: developing a sense of "nearest possible world". Child Dev. 81, 376-389. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01401.x
    • (2010) Child Dev , vol.81 , pp. 376-389
    • Rafetseder, E.1    Cristi-Vargas, R.2    Perner, J.3
  • 37
    • 84873302936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Counterfactual reasoning: from childhood to adulthood
    • doi: 10.1016/j.jecp.2012.10.010
    • Rafetseder, E., Schwitalla, M., and Perner, J. (2013). Counterfactual reasoning: from childhood to adulthood. J. Exp. Child Psychol. 114, 389-404. doi: 10.1016/j.jecp.2012.10.010
    • (2013) J. Exp. Child Psychol , vol.114 , pp. 389-404
    • Rafetseder, E.1    Schwitalla, M.2    Perner, J.3
  • 38
    • 33646151160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amphetamine-induced displacement of [18f] fallypride in striatum and extrastriatal regions in humans
    • doi: 10.1038/sj.npp.1300916
    • Riccardi, P., Li, R., Ansari, M. S., Zald, D., Park, S., Dawant, B., et al. (2005). Amphetamine-induced displacement of [18f] fallypride in striatum and extrastriatal regions in humans. Neuropsychopharmacology 31, 1016-1026. doi: 10.1038/sj.npp.1300916
    • (2005) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.31 , pp. 1016-1026
    • Riccardi, P.1    Li, R.2    Ansari, M.S.3    Zald, D.4    Park, S.5    Dawant, B.6
  • 39
    • 33845587227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • If Only: How to Turn Regret Into Opportunity
    • New York, NY: Random House Digital, Inc.
    • Roese, N. (2005). If Only: How to Turn Regret Into Opportunity. New York, NY: Random House Digital, Inc.
    • (2005)
    • Roese, N.1
  • 40
    • 0030636245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Counterfactual thinking
    • doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.121.1.133
    • Roese, N. J. (1997). Counterfactual thinking. Psychol. Bull. 121, 133. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.121.1.133
    • (1997) Psychol. Bull , vol.121 , pp. 133
    • Roese, N.J.1
  • 41
    • 0004026455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What Might Have Been: The Social Psychology of Counterfactual Thinking
    • New York, NY: Psychology Press.
    • Roese, N. J., and Olson, J. M. (2014). What Might Have Been: The Social Psychology of Counterfactual Thinking. New York, NY: Psychology Press.
    • (2014)
    • Roese, N.J.1    Olson, J.M.2
  • 42
    • 33646743729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consequences, action, and intention as factors in moral judgments: an fMRIinvestigation
    • doi: 10.1162/jocn.2006.18.5.803
    • Schaich Borg, J., Hynes, C., Van Horn, J., Grafton, S., and Sinnott-Armstrong, W. (2006). Consequences, action, and intention as factors in moral judgments: an fMRIinvestigation. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 18, 803-817. doi: 10.1162/jocn.2006.18.5.803
    • (2006) J. Cogn. Neurosci , vol.18 , pp. 803-817
    • Schaich Borg, J.1    Hynes, C.2    Van Horn, J.3    Grafton, S.4    Sinnott-Armstrong, W.5
  • 43
    • 0041879834 scopus 로고
    • Studies in Logical Theory
    • Oxford, UK: Blackweel.
    • Stalnaker, R. (1968). Studies in Logical Theory. Oxford, UK: Blackweel.
    • (1968)
    • Stalnaker, R.1
  • 44
    • 0016943898 scopus 로고
    • Killing, letting die, and the trolley problem
    • doi: 10.5840/monist197659224
    • Thomson, J. J. (1976). Killing, letting die, and the trolley problem. Monist 59, 204-217. doi: 10.5840/monist197659224
    • (1976) Monist , vol.59 , pp. 204-217
    • Thomson, J.J.1
  • 45
    • 84873290254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychological studies of causal, counterfactual reasoning
    • eds C. Hoerl, T. McCormack, and S.R. Beck (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press).
    • Woodward, J. (2011). "Psychological studies of causal and counterfactual reasoning," in Understanding Counterfactuals, Understanding Causation, eds C. Hoerl, T. McCormack, and S. R. Beck (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press).
    • (2011) Understanding Counterfactuals, Understanding Causation
    • Woodward, J.1
  • 46
    • 38149074092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigating emotion in moral cognition: a review of evidence from functional neuroimaging and neuropsychology
    • doi: 10.1093/bmb/ldm031
    • Young, L., and Koenigs, M. (2007). Investigating emotion in moral cognition: a review of evidence from functional neuroimaging and neuropsychology. Br. Med. Bull. 84, 69-79. doi: 10.1093/bmb/ldm031
    • (2007) Br. Med. Bull , vol.84 , pp. 69-79
    • Young, L.1    Koenigs, M.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.