Effect of Anticholinergic Medications on Falls, Fracture Risk, and Bone Mineral Density Over a 10-Year Period

Annals of Pharmacotherapy

Volumn 48, Issue 8, 2014, Pages 954-961

  Fraser, Lisa Ann ^a   Adachi, Jonathan D ^b   Leslie, William D ^c   Goltzman, David ^d   Josse, Robert ^e   Prior, Jerilynn ^f   Kaiser, Stephanie ^g   Kreiger, Nancy ^e   Kovacs, Christopher S ^h   Anastassiades, Tassos P ⁱ   Papaioannou, Alexandra ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN ONTARIO   (Canada)

^b MCMASTER UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MANITOBA   (Canada)

^d MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^e UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^f UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

^g DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^h MEMORIAL UNIVERSITY OF NEWFOUNDLAND   (Canada)

ⁱ QUEEN S UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

anticholinergic medications; bone mineral density; falls; fracture

Indexed keywords

ALPRAZOLAM; AMANTADINE; AMITRIPTYLINE; BACLOFEN; BENZATROPINE MESILATE; CETIRIZINE; CHLORPROMAZINE; CHOLINERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; CIMETIDINE; CLOMIPRAMINE; CLORAZEPATE; COLCHICINE; CYCLOBENZAPRINE; CYPROHEPTADINE; DICYCLOVERINE; DIGOXIN; DIPHENHYDRAMINE; FLUPHENAZINE; FUROSEMIDE; HYDROXYZINE; IMIPRAMINE; LOPERAMIDE; MAPROTILINE; NORTRIPTYLINE; OLANZAPINE; OXYBUTYNIN; PERPHENAZINE; PROCHLORPERAZINE; PROMETHAZINE; UNINDEXED DRUG;

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; BONE DENSITY; DRUG EFFECT; FALL RISK; FEMALE; FEMUR NECK; FRACTURE; FRAGILITY FRACTURE; HIP FRACTURE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK ASSESSMENT; SIDE EFFECT; SPINE FRACTURE;

EID: 84904501765     PISSN: 10600280     EISSN: 15426270     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1060028014535363     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Katzenschlager R,Sampaio C,Costa J,Lees A.Anticholinergics for symptomatic management of Parkinson's disease.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003; (2): CD003735.
2. Nabi G,Cody JD,Ellis G,Herbison P,Hay-Smith J.Anticholinergic drugs versus placebo for overactive bladder syndrome in adults.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006; (4): CD003781.
3. Wilson NM,Hilmer SN,March LM,et al.Associations between drug burden index and falls in older people in residential aged care.J Am Geriatr Soc. 2011;59:875-880.
4. Nanda S,Dey T,Gulstrand RE,Cudnik D,Haller HS.Fall risk assessment in geriatric-psychiatric inpatients to lower events (FRAGILE).J Gerontol Nurs. 2011;37:22-30.
5. Berdot S,Bertrand M,Dartigues JF,et al.Inappropriate medication use and risk of falls: a prospective study in a large community-dwelling elderly cohort.BMC Geriatr. 2009;9:30.
6. Aizenberg D,Sigler M,Weizman A,Barak Y.Anticholinergic burden and the risk of falls among elderly psychiatric inpatients: a 4-year case-control study.Int Psychogeriatr. 2002;14:307-310.
7. Flores EK,Henry R,Stewart DW.Pharmacist's role in and interdisciplinary falls clinic.South Med J. 2011;104:143.
8. Vestergaard P,Rejnmark L,Mosekilde L.Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and other antidepressants and risk of fracture.Calcif Tissue Int. 2008;82:92-101.
9. Vestergaard P,Rejnmark L,Mosekilde L.Fracture risk associated with parkinsonism and anti-Parkinson drugs.Calcif Tissue Int. 2007;81:153-161.
10. Nurminen J,Puustinen J,Piirtola M,Vahlberg T,Lyles A,Kivelä SL.Opioids, antiepileptic and anticholinergic drugs and the risk of fractures in patients 65 years of age and older: a prospective population-based study.Age Ageing. 2013;42:318-324.
11. Panula J,Puustinen J,Jaatinen P,Vahlberg T,Aarnio P,Kivela SL.Effects of potent anticholinergics, sedatives and antipsychotics on postoperative mortality in elderly patients with hip fracture: a retrospective, population-based study.Drugs Aging. 2009;26:63-971.
12. Kragh A,Elmstahl S,Atroshi I.Older adults' medication use 6 months before and after hip fracture: a population-based cohort study.J Am Geriatr Soc. 2011;59:863-868.
13. Kreiger N,Tenenhouse A,Joseph L,et al.The Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study (CaMos): background, rationale, methods.Can J Aging. 1999;18:376-387.
14. Ancelin ML,Artero S,Portet F,Dupuy AM,Touchon J,Ritchie K.Non-degenerative mild cognitive impairment in elderly people and use of anticholinergic drugs: longitudinal cohort study.BMJ. 2006;332:455-459.
15. Rudolph JL,Salow MJ,Angelini MC,McGlinchey RE.The anticholinergic risk scale and anticholinergic adverse effects in older persons.Arch Intern Med. 2008;168:508-512.
16. Thiwan S,Drossman DA,Morris CB,et al.Not all side effects associated with tricyclic antidepressant therapy are true side effects.Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009;7:446-451.
17. Peron EP,Gray SL,Hanlon JT.Medication use and functional status decline in older adults: a narrative review.Am J Geriatr Pharmacother. 2011;9:378-391.
18. Berlie HD,Garwood CL.Diabetes medications related to an increased risk of falls and fall-related morbidity in the elderly.Ann Pharmacother. 2010;44:712-717.
19. Lalli P,Chan A,Garven A,et al.Increased gait variability in diabetes mellitus patients with neuropathic pain.J Diabetes Complications. 2013;27:248-254.
20. Arnold CM,Gyurcsik NC.Risk factors for falls in older adults with lower extremity arthritis: a conceptual framework of current knowledge and future directions.Physiother Can. 2012;64:302-314.
21. Andersson AG,Seiger A,Applelros P.Hip fractures in persons with stroke.Stroke Res Treat. 2013;2013:954279.
22. Davenport RJ,Dennis MS,Wellwood I,Warlow CP.Complications after acute stroke.Stroke. 1996;27:415-420.
23. Wood BH,Bilclough JA,Bowron A,Walker RW.Incidence and prediction of falls in Parkinson's disease: a prospective multidisciplinary study.J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2002;72:721-725.
24. Kerr GK,Worringham CJ,Cole MH,Lacherez PF,Wood JM,Silburn PA.Predictors of future falls in Parkinson disease.Neurology. 2010;75:116-124.
25. Yarnall A,Rochester L,Burn DJ.The interplay of cholinergic function, attention, and falls in Parkinson's disease.Mov Disord. 2011;26:2496-2503.
26. Chung KA,Lobb BM,Nutt JG,Horak FB.Effects of a central cholinesterase inhibitor on reducing falls in Parkinson disease.Neurology. 2010;75:1226-1227.
27. French DD,Campbell R,Spehar A,Cunningham F,Foulis P.Outpatient medications and hip fractures in the US: a national veterans study.Drugs Aging. 2005;22:877-885.
28. Tuck SP,Hanusch B,Walker J,Datta HK.Prostate cancer and osteoporosis.Curr Osteoporos Rep. 2013;11:11-20.
29. Campbell MJ,McComas AJ,Petito F.Physiological changes in ageing muscles.J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1973;36:174-182.
30. Ramagopalan SV,Seminog O,Goldacre R,Goldacre MJ.Risk of fractures in patients with multiple sclerosis: record-linkage study.BMC Neurol. 2012;12:135.