Temperature trends during the present and last interglacial periods - a multi-model-data comparison

Quaternary Science Reviews

Volumn 99, Issue , 2014, Pages 224-243

  Bakker, P ^a   Masson Delmotte, V ^b   Martrat, B ^c   Charbit, S ^b   Renssen, H ^a   Groger M ^d,l   Krebs Kanzow, U ^e   Lohman, G ^f   Lunt, D J ^g   Pfeiffer, M ^f   Phipps, S J ^h   Prange, M ⁱ   Ritz, S P ^j   Schulz, M ⁱ   Stenni, B ^k   Stone, E J ^g   Varma, V ⁱ  

^a VU UNIVERSITY AMSTERDAM   (Netherlands)

^b DIF   (France)

^c INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND WATER RESEARCH   (Spain)

^d MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR METEOROLOGY   (Germany)

^e UNIVERSITY OF KIEL   (Germany)

^f ALFRED WEGENER INSTITUTE FOR POLAR AND MARINE RESEARCH   (Germany)

^g UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL   (United Kingdom)

^h UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES   (Australia)

ⁱ UNIVERSITY OF BREMEN   (Germany)

^j UNIVERSITY OF BERN   (Switzerland)

^k UNIVERSITY OF TRIESTE   (Italy)

^l SWEDISH METEOROLOGICAL AND HYDROLOGICAL INSTITUTE   (Sweden)

more..

Author keywords

Interglacial; Model data comparison; Modelling; Palaeoclimatology; Reconstructions; Temperature

Indexed keywords

CLIMATE MODELS; COMPUTER SIMULATION; DATA PROCESSING; GLACIAL GEOLOGY; INCIDENT SOLAR RADIATION; MAMMALS; MODELS; RECONSTRUCTION (STRUCTURAL); SEA ICE; TEMPERATURE;

ATMOSPHERIC GREENHOUSE; INTERGLACIAL; MELTWATER-INDUCED CHANGES; MODEL-DATA COMPARISONS; NEGATIVE TEMPERATURES; OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY; TEMPERATURE RECONSTRUCTION;

ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE;

EID: 84904444007     PISSN: 02773791     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.06.031     Document Type: Article

References (106)

1. Andersen K., Azuma N., Barnola J.M., Bigler M., Biscaye P., Caillon N., Chappellaz J., Clausen H.B., Dahl-Jensen D., Fischer H., Flückiger J., Fritzsche D., Fujii Y., Goto-Azuma K., Grønvold K., Gundestrup N.S., Hansson M., Huber C., Hvidberg C.S., Johnsen S.J., Jonsell U., Jouzel J., Kipfstuhl S., Landais A., Leuenberger M., Lorrain R., Masson-Delmotte V., Miller H., Motoyama H., Narita H., Popp T., Rasmussen S.O., Raynaud D., Rothlisberger R., Ruth U., Samyn D., Schwander J., Shoji H., Siggard-Andersen M.L., Steffensen J.P., Stocker T., Sveinbjörnsdóttir A.E., Svensson A., Takata M., Tison J.L., Thorsteinsson T., Watanabe O., Wilhelms F., White J.W.C. High-resolution record of Northern Hemisphere climate extending into the last interglacial period. Nature 2004, 431(7005):147-151.
2. Bakker P., Stone E.J., Charbit S., Gröger M., Krebs-Kanzow U., Ritz S.P., Varma V., Khon S., Lunt D.J., Mikolajewicz U., Prange M., Renssen H., Schneider B., Schulz M. Last interglacial temperature evolution - a model inter-comparison. Clim. Past 2013, 9:605-619.
3. Bauch H. Interglacial climates and the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation: is there an Arctic controversy?. Quat. Sci. Rev. 2013, 63:1-22.
4. Bazin L., Landais A., Lemieux-Dudon B., Toyé Mahamadou Kele H., Veres D., Parrenin F., Martinerie P., Ritz C., Capron E., Lipenkov V., Loutre M.-F., Raynaud D., Vinther B., Svensson A., Rasmussen S.O., Severi M., Blunier T., Leuenberger M., Fischer H., Masson-Delmotte V., Chappellaz J., Wolff E. An optimized multi-proxy, multi-site Antarctic ice and gas orbital chronology (AICC2012): 120-800 ka. Clim. Past Discuss. 2012, 8:5963-6009.
5. Berger A.L. Long-term variations of caloric insolation resulting from the earth's orbital elements. Quat. Res. 1978, 9(2):139-167.
6. Berger A., Loutre M.F. Insolation values for the climate of the last 10 million years. Quat. Sci. Rev. 1991, 10(4):297-317.
7. Berger M., Brandefelt J., Nilson J. The sensitivity of the Arctic sea ice to orbitally induced insolation changes: a study of the mid-Holocene Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project 2 and 3 simulations. Clim. Past 2013, 9:969-982.
8. Braconnot P., Otto-Bliesner B., Harrison S., Joussaume S., Peterchmitt J.-Y., Abe-Ouchi A., Crucifix M., Driesschaert E., Fichefet T., Hewitt C.D., Kageyama M., Kitoh A., Laîné A., Loutre M.-F., Marti O., Merkel U., Ramstein G., Valdes P., Weber S.L., Yu Y., Zhao Y. Results of PMIP2 coupled simulations of the Mid-Holocene and Last Glacial Maximum - part 1: experiments and large-scale features. Clim. Past 2007, 3:261-277.
9. Braconnot P., Harrison S.P., Kageyama M., Bartlein P.J., Masson-Delmotte V., Abe-Ouchi A., Otto-Bliesner B., Zhao Y. Evaluation of climate models using palaeoclimatic data. Nat. Clim. Change 2012, 2(6):417-424.
10. Bradley S.L., Siddall M., Milne G.A., Masson-Delmotte V., Wolff E. Combining ice core records and ice sheet models to explore the evolution of the East Antarctic Ice sheet during the Last Interglacial period. Glob. Planet Change 2012, 100:278-290.
11. Brassell S.C., Eglinton G., Marlowe I.T., Pflaumann U., Sarnthein M. Molecular stratigraphy: a new tool for climatic assessment. Nature 1986, 320:129-133.
12. Broecker W.S. Paleocean circulation during the Last Deglaciation: a bipolar seesaw?. Paleoceanography 1998, 13:119-121.
13. CAPE Last Interglacial Project Members: Anderson, P., Bennike, O., Bigelow, N., Brigham-Grette, J., Duvall, M., Edwards, M., Fréchette, B., Funder, S., Johnsen, S., Knies, J., Koerner, R., Lozhkin, A., MacDonald, G., Marshall, S., Matthiessen, J., Miller, G., Montoya, M., Muhs, D., Otto-Bliesner, B., Overpeck, J., Reeh, N., Sejrup, H. P., Turner, C., Velichko, A., 2006. Last Interglacial Arctic warmth confirms polar amplification of climate change. Quat. Sci. Rev. 25 (13-14), 1383-1400.
14. Clark P.U., Mitrovica J.X., Milne G.A., Tamisiea M.E. Sea-level fingerprinting as a direct test for the source of global meltwater pulse IA. Science 2002, 295:2438-2441.
15. Claussen M., Kubatzki C., Brovkin V., Ganopolski A., Hoelzmann P., Pachur H.J. Simulation of an abrupt change in Saharan vegetation in the Mid-Holocene. Geophys. Res. Lett. 1999, 26:2037-2040.
16. Collins W.D., Bitz C.M., Blackmon M.L., Bonan G.B., Bretherton C.S., Carton J.A., Chang P., Doney S.C., Hack J.J., Henderson T.B., Kiehl J.T., Large W.G., McKenna D.S., Santer B.D., Smith R.D. The community climate system model version 3 (CCSM3). J.Clim. 2006, 19:2122-2143.
17. Conte M.H., Sicre M.A., Rühlemann C., Weber J.C., Schulte S., Schulz-Bull D., Blanz T. Global temperature calibration of the alkenone unsaturation index (UK37) in surface waters and comparison with surface sediments. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 2006, 7:Q02005. 10.1029/2005gc001054.
18. Duplessy J.C., Roche D.M., Kageyama M. The deep ocean during the Last Interglacial period. Science 2007, 316(5821):89-91.
19. Edwards N.R., Marsh R. Uncertainties due to transportparameter sensitivity in an efficient 3-D ocean-climate model. Clim. Dyn. 2005, 24:415-433.
20. Epstein B.L., D'Hondt S., Hargraves P.E. The possible metabolic role of C37 alkenones in Emiliania huxleyi. Org. Geochem. 2001, 32:867-875.
21. Goosse H., Brovkin V., Fichefet T., Haarsma R., Huybrechts P., Jongma J., Mouchet A., Selten F., Barriat P.-Y., Campin J.-M., Deleersnijder E., Driesschaert E., Goelzer H., Janssens I., Loutre M.-F., Morales Maqueda M.A., Opsteegh T., Mathieu P.-P., Munhoven G., Pettersson E.J., Renssen H., Roche D.M., Schaeffer M., Tartinville B., Timmermann A., Weber S.L. Description of the Earth system model of intermediate complexity LOVECLIM version 1.2. Geosci. Model Dev. 2010, 3:603-633.
22. Gordon C., Cooper C., Senior C.A., Banks H., Gregory J.M., Johns T.C., Mitchell J.F.B., Wood R.A. The simulation of SST, sea ice extents and ocean heat transports in a version of the Hadley Centre coupled model without flux adjustments. Clim. Dyn. 2000, 16:147-168.
23. Govin A., Michel E., Labeyrie L., Waelbroeck C., Dewilde F., Jansen E. Evidence for northward expansion of Antarctic Bottom Water mass in the Southern Ocean during the last glacial inception. Paleoceanography 2009, 24:PA1202.
24. Govin A., Braconnot P., Capron E., Cortijo E., Duplessy J.C., Jansen E., Labeyrie L., Landais A., Marti O., Michel E., Mosquet E., Risebrobakken B., Swingedouw D., Waelbroeck C. Persistent influence of ice sheet melting on high northern latitude climate during the early Last Interglacial. Clim. Past 2012, 8:483-507.
25. Gröger M., Maier-Reimer E., Mikolajewicz U., Schurgers G., Vizcaíno M., Winguth A. Changes in the hydrological cycle, ocean circulation, and carbon/nutrient cycling during the last interglacial and glacial transition. Paleoceanography 2007, 22:PA4205.
26. Holden P.B., Edwards N.R., Wolff E.W., Lang N.J., Singarayer J.S., Valdes P.J., Stocker T.F. Interhemispheric coupling, the West Antarctic Ice Sheet and warm Antarctic interglacials. Clim. Past 2010, 6(4):431-443.
27. Huybers P. Antarctica's orbital beat. Science 2009, 325(5944):1085-1086.
28. Huybers P., Denton G. Antarctic temperature at orbital timescales controlled by local summer duration. Nat. Geosci. 2008, 1(11):787-792.
29. Izumi K., Bartlein P.J., Harrison S.P. Consistent large-scale temperature responses in warm and cold climates. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2013, 40(9):1817-1823.
30. Jones P.D., New M., Parker D.E., Martin S., Rigor I.G. Surface air temperature and its changes over the past 150 years. Rev. Geophys. 1999, 37(2):173-199.
31. Jones P.D., Gregory J., Thorpe R., Cox P., Murphy J., Sexton D., Valdes P. Systematic optimisation and climate simulations of FAMOUS, a fast version of HadCM3. Clim. Dyn. 2005, 25:189-204.
32. Joussaume S., Braconnot P. Sensitivity of paleoclimate simulation results to season definitions. J.Geophys. Res. 1997, 102:1943-1956.
33. Jouzel J., Masson-Delmotte V. Paleoclimates: what do we learn from deep ice cores?. WIREs Clim. Change 2010, 1(5):654-669.
34. Jouzel J., Vimeux F., Caillon N., Delaygue G., Hoffmann G., Masson-Delmotte V., Parrenin F. Magnitude of isotope/temperature scaling for interpretation of central Antarctic ice cores. J.Geophys. Res. 2003, 108:4361.
35. Kopp R.E., Simons F.J., Mitrovica J.X., Maloof A.C., Oppenheimer M. Probabilistic assessment of sea level during the last interglacial stage. Nature 2009, 462(7275):863-867.
36. Kutzbach J.E., Bartlein P.J., Foley J.A., Harrison S.P., Hostetler S.W., Liu Z., Prentice I.C., Webb T. Potential role of vegetation feedback in the climate sensitivity of high-latitude regions: a case study at 6000 years B.P. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 1996, 10:727-736.
37. Laepple T., Werner M., Lohmnann G. Synchronicity of Antarctic temperatures and local solar insolation on orbital timescales. Nature 2011, 471(7336):91-94.
38. Lambeck K., Chappell J. Sea level change through the Last Glacial cycle. Science 2001, 292(5517):679-686.
39. Langebroek P.M., Nisancioglu K.H. Simulating last interglacial climate with NorESM: role of insolation and greenhouse gases in the timing of peak warmth. Clim. Past Discuss. 2013, 9:4449-4473.
40. Laskar J., Robutel P., Joutel F., Gastineau M., Correia A.C.M., Levrard B. Along-term numerical solution for the insolation quantities of the Earth. Astron. Astrophys. 2004, 428(1):261-285.
41. Leduc G., Schneider R., Kim J.H., Lohmann G. Holocene and Eemian sea surface temperature trends as revealed by alkenone and Mg/Ca paleothermometry. Quat. Sci. Rev. 2010, 29(7-8):989-1004.
42. Liu Z., Wang Y., Gallimore R., Gasse F., Johnson T., deMenocal P., Adkins J., Notaro M., Prentice I.C., Kutzback J., Jacob R., Behling P., Wang L., Ong E. Simulating the transient evolution and abrupt changes of Northern Africa atmosphere-ocean-terrestrial ecosystem in the Holocene. Quat. Sci. Rev. 2007, 26(13-14):1818-1837.
43. Locarnini R.A., Mishonov A.V., Antonov J.I., Boyer T.P., Garcia H.E., Baranova O.K., Zweng M.M., Johnson D.R. World Ocean Atlas 2009. Temperature 2010, vol. 1. NOAA Atlas NESDIS 68, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 184 pp. S. Levitus (Ed.).
44. Lohmann G., Pfeiffer M., Laepple T., Leduc G., Kim J.-H. Amodel-data comparison of the Holocene global sea surface temperature evolution. Clim. Past 2013, 9:1807-1839.
45. Lorenz S.J., Lohmann G. Acceleration technique for Milankovitch type forcing in a coupled atmosphere-ocean circulation model: method and application for the Holocene. Clim. Dyn. 2004, 23(7-8):727-743.
46. Lunt D.J., Abe-Ouchi A., Bakker P., Berger A., Braconnot P., Charbit S., Fischer N., Herold N., Jungclaus J.H., Khon V.C., Krebs-Kanzow U., Langebroek P.M., Lohmann G., Nisancioglu K.H., Otto-Bliesner B., Park W., Pfeiffer M., Phipps S.J., Prange M., Rachmayani R., Renssen H., Rosenbloom N., Schneider B., Stone E.J., Takahashi K., Wei W., Yin Q., Zhang Z.S. Amulti-model assessment of last interglacial temperatures. Clim. Past 2013, 9:699-717.
47. Marcott S.A., Shakun J.D., Clark P.U., Mix A.C. Areconstruction of regional and global temperature for the past 11,300 years. Science 2013, 339(6124):1198-1201.
48. Marsland S.J., Haak H., Jungclaus J.H., Latif M., Röske F. The Max-Planck-Institute global ocean/sea ice model with orthogonal curvilinear coordinates. Ocean Modell. 2003, 5:91-127.
49. Masson-Delmotte V., Dreyfus G., Braconnot P., Johnson S., Jouzel J., Kageyama M., Landais A., Loutre M.F., Nouet J., Parrenin F., Raynaud D., Stenni B., Tuenter E. Past temperature reconstructions from deep ice cores: relevance for future climate change. Clim. Past 2006, 2(2):145-165.
50. Masson-Delmotte V., Stenni B., Pol K., Braconnot P., Cattani O., Falourd S., Kageyama M., Jouzel J., Landais A., Minster B., Barnola J.M., Chappellaz J., Krinner G., Johnsen S., Röthlisberger R., Hansen J., Mikolajewicz U., Otto-Bliesner B. EPICA Dome C record of glacial and interglacial intensities. Quat. Sci. Rev. 2010, 29(1-2):113-128.
51. Masson-Delmotte V., Stenni B., Blunier T., Cattani O., Chappellaz J., Cheng H., Dreyfus G., Edwards R.L., Falourd S., Govin A., Kawamura K., Johnsen S.J., Jouzel J., Landais A., Lemieux-Dudon B., Lourantou A., Marshall G., Minster B., Mudelsee M., Pol K., Öthlisberger R., Selmo E., Waelbroeck C. Abrupt change of Antarctic moisture origin at the end of Termination. PNAS 2010, 107(27):12091-12094.
52. 18O: ice core data, orbital and increased CO2 climate simulations. Clim. Past 2011, 7(3):1041-1059.
53. Masson-Delmotte V., Buiron D., Ekaykin A., Frezzotti M., Gallée H., Jouzel J., Krinner G., Landais A., Motoyama H., Oerter H., Pol K., Pollard D., Ritz C., Schlosser E., Sime L.C., Sodemann H., Stenni B., Uemura R., Vimeux F. Acomparison of the present and last interglacial periods in six Antarctic ice cores. Clim. Past 2011, 7(2):397-423.
54. McKay N.P., Overpeck J.T., Otto-Bliesner B.L. The role of ocean thermal expansion in Last Interglacial sea level rise. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2011, 38(14):L14605.
55. Mikolajewicz U., Gröger M., Maier-Reimer E., Schurgers G., Vizcaíno M., Winguth A. Long-term effects of anthropogenic CO2 emissions simulated with a complex earth system model. Clim. Dyn. 2007, 28:599-633.
56. Milankovitch M. Kanon der Erdbestrahlung und seine Andwendung auf das Eiszeiten-problem 1941, R. Serbian Acad, Belgrade.
57. Mulvaney Robert, Abram Nerilie J., Hindmarsh Richard C.A., Arrowsmith Carol, Fleet Louise, Triest Jack, Sime Louise C., Alemany Olivier, Foord Susan Recent Antarctic Peninsula warming relative to Holocene climate and ice-shelf history. Nature 2012, 489(7414):141-144.
58. Müller P.J., Kirst G., Ruhland G., von Storch I., Rosell-Melé A. Calibration of the alkenone paleotemperature index U37K' based on core-tops from the eastern South Atlantic and the global ocean (60°N-60°S). Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1998, 62:1757-1772.
59. Müller S.A., Joos F., Edwards N.R., Stocker T.F. Water mass distribution and ventilation time scales in a cost-efficient, three-dimensional ocean model. J.Clim. 2006, 19:5479-5499.
60. Eemian interglacial reconstructed from a Greenland folded ice core. Nature 2013, 493(7433):489-494. NEEM community members.
61. Otto-Bliesner B., Brady L., Clauzet E.C., Tomas G., Levis R., Zav S.K. Last Glacial Maximum and Holocene climate in CCSM3. J.Clim. 2006, 19(11):2526-2544.
62. Overpeck J.T., Otto-Bliesner B.L., Miller G.H., Muhs D.R., Alley R.B., Kiehl J.T. Paleoclimatic evidence for future ice-sheet instability and rapid sea-level rise. Science 2006, 311(5768):1747-1750.
63. Making sense of palaeoclimate sensitivity. Nature 2012, 491(7426):683-691. PALAEOSENS Project Members.
64. Park W., Keenlyside N., Latif M., Stroh A., Redler R., Roeckner E., Madec G. Tropical Pacific climate and its response to global warming in the Kiel climate model. J.Clim. 2009, 22:71-92.
65. Parrenin F., Barnola J.-M., Beer J., Blunier T., Castellano E., Chappellaz J., Dreyfus G., Fischer H., Fujita S., Jouzel J., Kawamura K., Lemieux-Dudon B., Loulergue L., Masson-Delmotte V., Narcisi B., Petit J.-R., Raisbeck G., Raynaud D., Ruth U., Schwander J., Severi M., Spahni R., Steffensen J.P., Svensson A., Udisti R., Waelbroeck C., Wolff E. The EDC3 chronology for the EPICA Dome C ice core. Clim. Past 2007, 3:485-497.
66. Pelejero C., Grimalt J.O. The correlation between the 37k index and sea surface temperatures in the warm boundary: the South China Sea. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1997, 61:4789-4797.
67. Petoukhov V., Ganopolski A., Brovkin V., Claussen M., Eliseev A., Kubatzki C., Rahmstorf S. CLIMBER-2: a climate system model of intermediate complexity. Part I: model description and performance for present climate. Clim. Dyn. 2000, 16:1-17.
68. Phipps S.J., Rotstayn L.D., Gordon H.B., Roberts J.L., Hirst A.C., Budd W.F. The CSIRO Mk3L climate system model version 1.0-part 1: description and evaluation. Geosci. Model Dev. 2011, 4:483-509. 10.5194/gmd-4-483-2011.
69. Phipps S.J., Rotstayn L.D., Gordon H.B., Roberts J.L., Hirst A.C., Budd W.F. The CSIRO Mk3L climate system model version 1.0-part 2: response to external forcings. Geosci. Model Dev. 2012, 5:649-682. 10.5194/gmd-5-649-2012.
70. Prahl F.G., Wakeham S.G. Calibration of unsaturation patterns in long-chain ketone compositions for palaeotemperature assessment. Nature 1987, 330:367-369.
71. Prahl F.G., Muehlhausen L.A., Zahnle D.L. Further evaluation of long-chain alkenones as indicators of paleoceanographic conditions. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1988, 52:2303-2310.
72. Renssen H., Brovkin V., Fichefet T., Goosse H. Holocene climate instability during the termination of the African Humid Period. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2003, 30(4):1184-1187.
73. Renssen H., Goosse H., Fichefet T., Masson-Delmotte V., Koç N. Holocene climate evolution in the high-latitude Southern Hemisphere simulated by a coupled atmosphere-sea ice-ocean-vegetation model. Holocene 2005, 15(7):951-964.
74. Renssen H., Seppa H., Heiri O., Roche D.M., Goosse H., Fichefet T. The spatial and temporal complexity of the Holocene thermal maximum. Nat. Geosci. 2009, 2(6):411-414.
75. Renssen H., Goosse H., Crosta X., Roche D.M. Early Holocene Laurentide Ice Sheet deglaciation causes cooling in the high-latitude Southern Hemisphere through oceanic teleconnection. Paleoceanography 2010, 25(3):15.
76. Ritz S.P., Stocker T.F., Joos F. Acoupled dynamical ocean-energy balance atmosphere model for Paleoclimate studies. J.Clim. 2011, 24:349-375.
77. Ritz S.P., Stocker T.F., Severinghaus J.P. Noble gases as proxies of mean ocean temperature: sensitivity studies using a climate model of reduced complexity. Quat. Sci. Rev. 2011, 30:3728-3741.
78. Roche D.M., Crosta X., Renssen H. Evaluating Southern Ocean sea ice for the Last Glacial Maximum and pre-industrial climates: PMIP-2 models and data evidence. Quat. Sci. Rev. 2012, 56:99-106.
79. Rojas M., Moreno P. Atmospheric circulation changes and neoglacial conditions in the Southern Hemisphere mid-latitudes: insights from PMIP2 simulations at 6 kyr. Clim. Dyn. 2011, 37(1-2):357-375.
80. Roeckner E., Bäuml G., Bonaventura L., Brokopf R., Esch M., Giorgetta M., Hagemann S., Kirchner I., Kornblueh L., Manzini E., Rhodin A., Schlese U., Schulzweida U., Tompkins A. The Atmospheric General Circulation Model ECHAM5. PART I: Model Description 2003, Tech rep, Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, MPI-Report 349.
81. Rosell-Melé A., Prahl F.G. Seasonality of temperature estimates as inferred from sediment trap data. Quat. Sci. Rev. 2013, 72:128-136.
82. Rosell-Melé A., Eglinton G., Pflaumann U., Sarnthein M. Atlantic core-top calibration of the U37K index as a sea-surface palaeotemperature indicator. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1995, 59:3099-3107.
83. Ruddiman W.F., Vavrus S.J., Kutzbach J.E. Atest of the overdue-glaciation hypothesis. Quat. Sci. Rev. 2005, 4:1-10.
84. Rühlemann C., Butzin M. Alkenone temperature anomalies in the Brazil-Malvinas Confluence area caused by lateral advection of suspended particulate material. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 2006, 7:Q10015.
85. Sánchez-Goñi M.F., Bakker P., Desprat S., Carlson A.E., Van Meerbeeck C.J., Peyron O., Naughton F., Fletcher W.J., Eynaud F., Rossignol L., Renssen H. European climate optimum and enhanced Greenland melt during the Last Interglacial. Geology 2012, 40(7):627-630.
86. Schneider B., Leduc G., Park W. Disentangling seasonal signals in Holocene climate trends by satellite-model-proxy integration. Paleoceanography 2010, 25:PA4217.
87. Schurgers G., Mikolajewicz U., Gröger M., Maier-Reimer E., Vizcaíno M., Winguth A. The effect of land surface changes on Eemian climate. Clim. Dyn. 2007, 29(4):357-373.
88. Shackleton N.J., Sánchez-Goñi M.F., Pailler D., Lancelot Y. Marine Isotope Substage 5e and the Eemian Interglacial. Glob. Planet. Change 2003, 36(3):151-155.
89. Sicre M.A., Labeyrie L., Ezat U., Duprat J., Turon J.L., Schmidt S., Michel E., Mazaud A. Mid-latitude Southern Indian Ocean response to Northern Hemisphere Heinrich events. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2005, 240:724-731.
90. Sime L.C., Wolff E.W. Antarctic accumulation seasonality. Nature 2011, 479(7372):E1-E2.
91. Sime L.C., Tindall J.C., Wolff E.W., Connolley W.M., Valdes P.J. Antarctic isotopic thermometer during a CO2 forced warming event. J.Geophys. Res. 2008, 113:D24119.
92. Smith R.S. The FAMOUS climate model (version XFXWB and XFHCC): description update to version XDBUA. Geosci. Model Dev. 2012, 5:269-276.
93. Smith R., Gregory J. The last glacial cycle: transient simulations with an AOGCM. Clim. Dyn. 2012, 38:1545-1559.
94. Sonzogni C., Bard E., Rostek F., Lafont R., Rosell-Mele A., Eglinton G. Core-top calibration of the alkenone index vs sea surface temperature in the Indian Ocean. Deep Sea Res. Part II Top. Stud. Oceanogr. 1997, 44:1445-1460.
95. Stenni B., Masson-Delmotte V., Selmo E., Oerter H., Meyer H., Röthlisberger R., Jouzel J., Cattani O., Falourd S., Fisher H., Hoffmann G., Lacumin P., Johnsen S.J., Minster B., Udisti R. The deuterium excess records of EPICA Dome C and Dronning Maud Land ice cores (East Antarctica). Quat. Sci. Rev. 2010, 29(1-2):146-159.
96. Swingedouw D., Fichefet T., Goosse H., Loutre M. Impact of transient freshwater releases in the Southern Ocean on the AMOC and climate. Clim. Dyn. 2009, 33(2):365-381.
97. Coccolithophores from Cellular Process to Global Impact 2004, Springer Verlag. H.R. Thierstein, J.R. Young (Eds.).
98. Timmermann A., Timm O., Stott L., Menviel L. The roles of CO2 and orbital forcing in driving southern hemispheric temperature variations during the last 21 000 yr. J.Clim. 2009, 22:1626-1640.
99. Turney C.S.M., Jones R.T. Does the Agulhas Current amplify global temperatures during super-interglacials?. J.Quat. Sci. 2010, 25(6):839-843.
100. Uemura R., Masson-Delmotte V., Jouzel J., Landais A., Motoyama H., Stenni B. Ranges of moisture-source temperature estimated from Antarctic ice cores stable isotope records over glacial-interglacial cycles. Clim. Past 2012, 8(3):1109-1125.
101. Varma V., Prange M., Merkel U., Kleinen T., Lohmann G., Pfeiffer M., Renssen H., Wagner A., Wagner S., Schulz M. Holocene evolution of the Southern Hemisphere westerly winds in transient simulations with global climate models. Clim. Past 2012, 8(2):391-402.
102. Vimeux F., Masson-Delmotte V., Jouzel J., Petit J.R., Steig E.J., Stievenard M., Vaikmae R., White J.W.C. Holocene hydrological cycle changes in the Southern Hemisphere documented in East Antarctic deuterium excess records. Clim. Dyn. 2001, 17(7):503-513.
103. Vinther B.M., Buchardt S.L., Clausen H.B., Dahl-Jensen D., Johnsen S.J., Fisher D.A., Koerner R.M., Raynaud D., Lipenkov V., Andersen K.K., Blunier T., Rasmussen S.O., Steffensen J.P., Svensson A.M. Holocene thinning of the Greenland ice sheet. Nature 2009, 461(7262):385-388.
104. Waelbroeck C., Frank N., Jouzel J., Parrenin F., Masson-Delmotte V., Genty D. Transferring radiometric dating of the last interglacial sea level high stand to marine and ice core records. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2008, 265(1-2):183-194.
105. Wanner H., Beer J., Butikofer J., Crowley T.J., Cubasch U., Fluckiger J., Goosse H., Grosjean M., Joos F., Kaplan J.O., Kuttel M., Muller S.A., Prentice I.C., Solomina O., Stocker T.F., Tarasov P., Wagner M., Widmann M. Mid- to Late Holocene climate change: an overview. Quat. Sci. Rev. 2008, 27:1791-1828.
106. Zunz V., Goosse H., Massonnet F. How does internal variability influence the ability of CMIP5 models to reproduce the recent trend in Southern Ocean sea ice extent?. Cryosphere 2013, 7:451-468.