Differential patterns of tobacco use among black men and women in Cape Town: The cardiovascular risk in black South Africans study

Nicotine and Tobacco Research

Volumn 16, Issue 8, 2014, Pages 1104-1111

  Peer, Nasheeta ^a   Lombard, Carl ^a   Steyn, Krisela ^b   Levitt, Naomi ^b  

^a SOUTH AFRICAN MEDICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL   (South Africa)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN   (South Africa)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; BLACK PERSON; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CONTROLLED STUDY; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; DEMOGRAPHY; DIABETES MELLITUS; DYSLIPIDEMIA; FEMALE; HUMAN; LIFESTYLE; LOCUS OF CONTROL; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MENTAL STRESS; PATTERN RECOGNITION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; SENSE OF COHERENCE; SMOKELESS TOBACCO; SMOKING; SOCIAL CLASS; SOUTH AFRICA; STRUCTURED QUESTIONNAIRE; TOBACCO USE; WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; MIDDLE AGED; PREVALENCE; QUESTIONNAIRE; RISK FACTOR; STATISTICAL MODEL; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA; TOBACCO; URBAN POPULATION;

ADULT; AFRICAN CONTINENTAL ANCESTRY GROUP; AGED; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; FEMALE; HUMANS; LOGISTIC MODELS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PREVALENCE; QUESTIONNAIRES; RISK FACTORS; SMOKING; SOUTH AFRICA; TOBACCO PRODUCTS; URBAN POPULATION;

EID: 84904328926     PISSN: 14622203     EISSN: 1469994X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntu042     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Agardh, E. E., Ahlbom, A., Andersson, T., Efendic, S., Grill, V., Hallqvist, J., Ostenson, C. G. (2003). Work stress and low sense of coherence is associated with type 2 diabetes in middle-aged Swedish women. Diabetes Care, 26, 719-724. doi:10.2337/diacare.26.3.719.
2. Ahmad, O. B., Boschi-Pinto, C., Lopez, A. D., Murray, C. J., Lozano, R., & Inoue, M. (2001). Age standardization of rates: A new WHO standard. GPE Discussion Paper Series: No.31. Geneva: World Health Organization.
3. Ayo-Yusuf, O. A., & Olutola, B. G. (2013). 'Roll-your-own' cigarette smoking in South Africa between 2007 and 2010. BMC Public Health, 13, 597. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-597.
4. Ayo-Yusuf, O. A., Swart, T. J., & Pickworth, W. B. (2004). Nicotine delivery capabilities of smokeless tobacco products and implications for control of tobacco dependence in South Africa. Tobacco Control, 13, 186-189. doi:10.1136/tc.2003.006601.
5. Bonita, R., deCourten, M., Dwyer, T., Jamrozik, K., & Winkelmann, R. (2002). Surveillance of risk factors for noncommunicable disease: The WHO STEP-wise approach. Geneva: World Health Organization.
6. Botha, K. F., Du Plessis, W. F., Van Rooyen, J. M., & Wissing, M. P. (2002). Biopsychosocial determinants of self-management in culturally diverse South African patients with essential hypertension. Journal of Health Psychology, 7, 519-531. doi:10.1177/1359105302007005672.
7. British American Tobacco South Africa. (2010, May 7). History of tobacco in Africa. Retrieved from www.batsa. co.za/group/sites/BAT_7N3ML8.nsf/vwPagesWebLive/DO7N9JA4?opendocument&SKN=1.
8. Brugha, T., Bebbington, P., Tennant, C., & Hurry, J. (1985). The list of threatening experiences: A subset of 12 life event categories with considerable long-term contextual threat. Psychological Medicine, 15, 189-194. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S003329170002105X.
9. Deland, K., Lewis, K., & Taylor, A. L. (2000). Developing a public policy response to the tobacco industry's targeting of women and girls: The role of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. Journal of the American Medical Womens Association, 55, 316-319, 321.
10. Department of Health & South African Medical Research Council. (2007). South Africa demographic and health survey, 2003: Full report. Pretoria, South Africa: Author.
11. Eriksson, M., & Lindstrom, B. (2005). Validity of Antonovsky's sense of coherence scale: A systematic review. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 59, 460-466. doi:10.1136/jech.2003.018085.
12. Filmer, D., & Pritchett, L. H. (2001). Estimating wealth effects without expenditure data-or tears: An application to educational enrollments in states of India. Demography, 38, 115-132.
13. Government Gazette. (1993). Act No. 83 of 1993: Tobacco Products Control Act, 1993. Retrieved from www.info.gov. za/view/DownloadFileAction?id=90146.
14. Groenewald, P., Vos, T., Norman, R., Laubscher, R., van Walbeek, C., Saloojee, Y., Bradshaw, D. (2007). Estimating the burden of disease attributable to smoking in South Africa in 2000. South African Medical Journal, 97, 674-681.
15. Health-e. (2013, March 18). Smokers take note: Current and future tobacco regulation. The South African Health News Service. Retrieved from www.health-e.org.za/2013/03/18/smokers-take-note-current-and-future-tobacco-regulation/.
16. Hosseinpoor, A. R., Bergen, N., Kunst, A., Harper, S., Guthold, R., Rekve, D., Chatterji, S. (2012). Socioeconomic inequalities in risk factors for non communicable diseases in low-income and middle-income countries: Results from the World Health Survey. BMC Public Health, 12, 912. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-12-912.
17. Jha, P., & Chaloupka, F. (1999). Curbing the epidemic: Governments and the economics of tobacco control. Washington, DC: The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank.
18. Jha, P., & Chaloupka, F. J. (2000). The economics of global tobacco control. British Medical Journal, 321, 358-361. doi:10.1136/bmj.321.7257.358.
19. Mackay, J., & Amos, A. (2003). Women and tobacco. Respirology, 8, 123-130 doi:10.1046/j.1440-1843.2003.00464.x.
20. Maredza, M., Hofman, K., & Tollman, S. (2011). A hidden menace: Cardiovascular disease in South Africa and the costs of an inadequate policy response. SA Heart, 8, 48-57. ISSN:1996-6741.
21. Pampel, F. (2008). Tobacco use in sub-Sahara Africa: Estimates from the demographic health surveys. Social Science and Medicine, 66, 1772-1783. doi:10.1016/j. socscimed.2007.12.003.
22. Peer, N., Bradshaw, D., Laubscher, R., & Steyn, K. (2009). Trends in adult tobacco use from two South African Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in 1998 and 2003. South African Medical Journal, 99, 744-749.
23. Peer, N., Steyn, K., Lombard, C., Lambert, E. V., Vythilingum, B., & Levitt, N. S. (2012). Rising diabetes prevalence among urban-dwelling black South Africans. PLoS One, 7, e43336. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0043336.
24. Rosengren, A., Hawken, S., Ounpuu, S., Sliwa, K., Zubaid, M., Almahmeed, W. A., Yusuf, S. (2004). Association of psychosocial risk factors with risk of acute myocardial infarction in 11119 cases and 13648 controls from 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): Case-control study. Lancet, 364, 953-962. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17019-0.
25. Saloojee, Y. (2006). Tobacco control in South Africa. In K. Steyn, J. Fourie, & N. Temple (Eds.), Chronic diseases of lifestyle in South Africa: 1995-2005 (pp. 48-57). Cape Town, South Africa: South African Medical Research Council.
26. Sitas, F., Egger, S., Bradshaw, D., Groenewald, P., Laubscher, R., Kielkowski, D., & Peto, R. (2013). Differences among the coloured, white, black, and other South African populations in smoking-attributed mortality at ages 35-74 years: A case-control study of 481,640 deaths. Lancet, 382, 685-693. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61610-4.
27. Slama, K. (2004). Current challenges in tobacco control. International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 8, 1160-1172.
28. Slama, K. (2008). Global perspective on tobacco control. Part I. The global state of the tobacco epidemic. International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 12, 3-7.
29. Steyn, K., Jooste, P. L., Bourne, L., Fourie, J., Badenhorst, C. J., Bourne, D. E., Oelofse, A. (1991). Risk factors for coronary heart disease in the black population of the Cape Peninsula. The BRISK study. South African Medical Journal, 79, 480-485.
30. Surtees, P. G., Wainwright, N. W., Luben, R. L., Wareham, N. J., Bingham, S. A., & Khaw, K. T. (2007). Adaptation to social adversity is associated with stroke incidence: Evidence from the EPIC-Norfolk prospective cohort study. Stroke, 38, 1447-1453. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.106.473116.
31. Van Walbeek, C. (2005). [Tobacco control in South Africa] [Article in French, Abstract only available in English]. Promotion & Education, 57 (Suppl 4), 25-28.
32. Vorster, H. H., Kruger, A., Venter, C. S., Margetts, B. M., & Macintyre, U. E. (2007). Cardiovascular disease risk factors and socio-economic position of Africans in transition: The THUSA study. Cardiovascular Journal of Africa, 18, 282-289.
33. World Health Organization. (2007). Integrating poverty and gender into health programmes: A sourcebook for health professionals. Module on noncommunicable diseases. Geneva, Switzerland: Author.
34. World Health Organization. (2011). Global status report on noncommunicable diseases 2010. Retrieved from http://whqlibdoc. who.int/publications/2011/9789240686458_eng.pdf.