Magnesium-containing bioactive polycrystalline silicate-based ceramics and glass-ceramics for biomedical applications

Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science

Volumn 18, Issue 3, 2014, Pages 147-167

  Diba, Mani ^a,b   Goudouri, Ourania Menti ^a   Tapia, Felipe ^a,c   Boccaccini, Aldo R ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ERLANGEN NUREMBERG   (Germany)

^b RADBOUD UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

^c MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR DYNAMICS OF COMPLEX TECHNICAL SYSTEMS   (Germany)

Author keywords

Bioactive materials; Ceramics; Glass ceramics; Magnesium; Silicate

Indexed keywords

MAGNESIUM; MAGNESIUM COMPOUNDS; MEDICAL APPLICATIONS; SILICATES;

BIOACTIVE MATERIAL; BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS; BONE REPLACEMENT; CERAMICS; POLYCRYSTALLINE; REVIEW PAPERS; SILICATE CERAMICS;

GLASS CERAMICS;

EID: 84903901860     PISSN: 13590286     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cossms.2014.02.004     Document Type: Review

References (231)

1. A.D. Woolf, and B. Pfleger Burden of major musculoskeletal conditions Bull World Health Organ 81 2003 646 656
2. M. Navarro, A. Michiardi, O. Castano, and J.A. Planell Biomaterials in orthopaedics J Roy Soc Interface 5 2008 1137 1158
3. The bone and joint decade; 2014. .
4. S.F. Hulbert, F.A. Young, R.S. Mathews, J.J. Klawitter, C.D. Talbert, and F.H. Stelling Potential of ceramic materials as permanently implantable skeletal prostheses J Biomed Mater Res 4 1970 433 456
5. H. Petite, V. Viateau, W. Bensaid, A. Meunier, C. de Pollak, and M. Bourguignon et al. Tissue-engineered bone regeneration Nat Biotechnol 18 2000 959 963
6. L.L. Hench, and J.M. Polak Third-generation biomedical materials Science 295 2002 1014 1017
7. B. Klinge, P. Alberius, S. Isaksson, and J. Jonsson Osseous response to implanted natural bone-mineral and synthetic hydroxylapatite ceramic in the repair of experimental skull bone defects J Oral Maxil Surg 50 1992 241 249
8. E. Neovius, and T. Engstrand Craniofacial reconstruction with bone and biomaterials: review over the last 11 years J Plast Reconstr Aesthetic Surg 63 2010 1615 1623
9. L.L. Hench Bioceramics - from concept to clinic J Am Ceram Soc 74 1991 1487 1510
10. F. Jegoux, E. Aguado, R. Cognet, O. Malard, F. Moreau, and G. Daculsi et al. Alveolar ridge augmentation in irradiated rabbit mandibles J Biomed Mater Res Part A 93A 2010 1519 1526
11. L.C. Chow Next generation calcium phosphate-based biomaterials Dent Mater J 28 2009 1 10
12. H.J. Conrad, W.J. Seong, and G.J. Pesun Current ceramic materials and systems with clinical recommendations: a systematic review J Prosthet Dent 98 2007 389 404
13. R.M. Meffert, B. Langer, and M.E. Fritz Dental Implants - a review J Periodontol 63 1992 859 870
14. S. Nag, and R. Banerjee Fundamentals of medical implant materials R.J. Narayan, Materials for medical devices 2012 ASM International Materials Park, Ohio 6 17
15. G. Heimke, and P. Griss Ceramic implant materials Med Biol Eng Comput 18 1980 503 510
16. G. Heness, and B. Ben-Nissan Innovative bioceramics Mater Forum 27 2004 104 114
17. L.L. Hench, and I. Thompson Twenty-first century challenges for biomaterials J Roy Soc Interface 7 2010 S379 S391
18. L.L. Hench, R.J. Splinter, W. Allen, and T. Greenlee Bonding mechanisms at the interface of ceramic prosthetic materials J Biomed Mater Res 5 2004 117 141
19. S. Kotani, Y. Fujita, T. Kitsugi, T. Nakamura, T. Yamamuro, and C. Ohtsuki et al. Bone bonding mechanism of β-tricalcium phosphate J Biomed Mater Res 25 1991 1303 1315
20. J.F. Shackelford Bioceramics - current status and future trends Mater Sci Forum 293 1999 99 106
21. A. Hoppe, N.S. Guldal, and A.R. Boccaccini A review of the biological response to ionic dissolution products from bioactive glasses and glass-ceramics Biomaterials 32 2011 2757 2774
22. J. Braux, F. Velard, C. Guillaume, S. Bouthors, E. Jallot, and J.-M. Nedelec et al. A new insight into the dissociating effect of strontium on bone resorption and formation Acta Biomater 7 2011 2593 2603
23. H. Oudadesse, S. Martin, A. Derrien, A. Lucas-Girot, G. Cathelineau, and G. Blondiaux Determination of Ca, P, Sr and Mg in the synthetic biomaterial aragonite by NAA J Radioanal Nucl Chem 262 2004 479 483
24. A. Hartwig Role of magnesium in genomic stability Mutat Res Fundam Mol Mech Mutagen 475 2001 113 121
25. E. Dietrich, H. Oudadesse, A. Lucas-Girot, and M. Mami In vitro bioactivity of melt-derived glass 46S6 doped with magnesium J Biomed Mater Res Part A 88A 2009 1087 1096
26. C.S. Anast, T.W. Burns, J.M. Mohs, and S.S. Kaplan Evidence for parathyroid failure in magnesium deficiency Science 177 1972 606 608
27. A.B.G. Lansdown Zinc in the healing wound Lancet 347 1996 706 707
28. A. Rezania, and K.E. Healy Integrin subunits responsible for adhesion of human osteoblast-like cells to biomimetic peptide surfaces J Orthopaed Res 17 1999 615 623
29. C.R. Howlett, H. Zreiqat, Y. Wu, D.W. McFall, and D.R. McKenzie Effect of ion modification of commonly used orthopedic materials on the attachment of human bone-derived cells J Biomed Mater Res 45 1999 345 354
30. H. Zreiqat, P. Evans, and C.R. Howlett Effect of surface chemical modification of bioceramic on phenotype of human bone-derived cells J Biomed Mater Res 44 1999 389 396
31. G. Gronowicz, and M.B. McCarthy Response of human osteoblasts to implant materials: integrin-mediated adhesion J Orthopaed Res 14 1996 878 887
32. S.M. Albelda, and C.A. Buck Integrins and other cell-adhesion molecules FASEB J 4 1990 2868 2880
33. R.O. Hynes Integrins - versatility, modulation, and signaling in cell-adhesion Cell 69 1992 11 25
34. H. Zreiqat, C.R. Howlett, A. Zannettino, P. Evans, G. Schulze-Tanzil, and C. Knabe et al. Mechanisms of magnesium-stimulated adhesion of osteoblastic cells to commonly used orthopaedic implants J Biomed Mater Res 62 2002 175 184
35. J. Gailit, and E. Ruoslahti Regulation of the fibronectin receptor affinity by divalent-cations J Biol Chem 263 1988 12927 12932
36. G. Bazzoni, D.T. Shih, C.A. Buck, and M.E. Hemler Monoclonal antibody 9EG7 defines a novel beta 1 integrin epitope induced by soluble ligand and manganese, but inhibited by calcium J Biol Chem 270 1995 25570 25577
37. C. Wu, and J. Chang Degradation, bioactivity, and cytocompatibility of diopside, akermanite, and bredigite ceramics J Biomed Mater Res Part B 83B 2007 153 160
38. N.Y. Iwata, G.H. Lee, Y. Tokuoka, and N. Kawashima Sintering behavior and apatite formation of diopside prepared by coprecipitation process Colloids Surf B 34 2004 239 245
39. Y. Huang, X.G. Jin, X.L. Zhang, H.L. Sun, J.W. Tu, and T.T. Tang et al. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of akermanite bioceramics for bone regeneration Biomaterials 30 2009 5041 5048
40. T. Nonami, and S. Tsutsumi Study of diopside ceramics for biomaterials J Mater Sci Mater Med 10 1999 475 479
41. 4) bioceramics Ceram Int 33 2007 83 88
42. M. Kharaziha, and M.H. Fathi Improvement of mechanical properties and biocompatibility of forsterite bioceramic addressed to bone tissue engineering materials J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 3 2010 530 537
43. D. Depan, A.P. Kumar, and R.P. Singh Cell proliferation and controlled drug release studies of nanohybrids based on chitosan-g-lactic acid and montmorillonite Acta Biomater 5 2009 93 100
44. H.J. Gu, F.F. Guo, X. Zhou, L.L. Gong, Y. Zhang, and W.Y. Zhai et al. The stimulation of osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells by ionic products from akermanite dissolution via activation of the ERK pathway Biomaterials 32 2011 7023 7033
45. 2) glass-ceramics: potential materials for bone tissue engineering J Mater Chem 21 2011 16247 16256
46. W.Y. Zhai, H.X. Lu, L. Chen, X.T. Lin, Y. Huang, and K.R. Dai et al. Silicate bioceramics induce angiogenesis during bone regeneration Acta Biomater 8 2012 341 349
47. M. Diba, F. Tapia, A.R. Boccaccini, and L.A. Strobel Magnesium-containing bioactive glasses for biomedical applications Int J Appl Glass Sci 3 2012 221 253
48. 2O glass-ceramics J Eur Ceram Soc 21 2001 169 175
49. T. Kasuga, M. Sawada, M. Nogami, and Y. Abe Bioactive ceramics prepared by sintering and crystallization of calcium phosphate invert glasses Biomaterials 20 1999 1415 1420
50. E. Boanini, M. Gazzano, and A. Bigi Ionic substitutions in calcium phosphates synthesized at low temperature Acta Biomater 6 2010 1882 1894
51. F. Tamimi, D. Le Nihouannen, D.C. Bassett, S. Ibasco, U. Gbureck, and J. Knowles et al. Biocompatibility of magnesium phosphate minerals and their stability under physiological conditions Acta Biomater 7 2011 2678 2685
52. 2O) Mater Lett 65 2011 2883 2886
53. C.T. Wu, and J. Chang Synthesis and apatite-formation ability of akermanite Mater Lett 58 2004 2415 2417
54. C.T. Wu, J. Chang, S.Y. Ni, and J.Y. Wang In vitro bioactivity of akermanite ceramics J Biomed Mater Res Part A 76A 2006 73 80
55. C.T. Wu, and J. Chang A novel akermanite bioceramic: preparation and characteristics J Biomater Appl 21 2006 119 129
56. D.A. Cortes-Hernandez, L.A. Bretado-Aragon, W. Ortega-Lara, D. Renteria-Zamarron, and Y. Salinas-Delgado Gentamicin sulphate release from bioactive ceramic calcium silicates Key Eng Mater 396-398 2009 527 530
57. C.T. Wu, J.A. Chang, W.Y. Zhai, S.Y. Ni, and J.Y. Wang Porous akermanite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering: preparation, characterization, and in vitro studies J Biomed Mater Res Part B 78B 2006 47 55
58. S. Hu, C.Q. Ning, Y. Zhou, L. Chen, K.L. Lin, and J. Chang Antibacterial activity of silicate bioceramics J Wuhan Univ Technol Mater Sci Ed 26 2011 227 231
59. V.B. Bhatkar, and N.V. Bhatkar Combustion synthesis and photoluminescence study of silicate biomaterials Bull Mater Sci 34 2011 1281 1284
60. T. Kobayashi, K. Okada, T. Kuroda, and K. Sato Osteogenic cell cytotoxicity and biomechanical strength of the new ceramic Diopside J Biomed Mater Res 37 1997 100 107
61. C.T. Wu, J.A. Chang, J.Y. Wang, S.Y. Ni, and W.Y. Zhai Preparation and characteristics of a calcium magnesium silicate (bredigite) bioactive ceramic Biomaterials 26 2005 2925 2931
62. Y. Miake, T. Yanagisawa, Y. Yajima, H. Noma, N. Yasui, and T. Nonami High resolution and analytical electron microscopic studies of new crystals induced by a bioactive ceramic (Diopside) J Dent Res 74 1995 1756 1763
63. Q. Liu, L. Cen, S. Yin, L. Chen, G. Liu, and J. Chang et al. A comparative study of proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells on akermanite and beta-TCP ceramics Biomaterials 29 2008 4792 4799
64. D.L. Yi, C.T. Wu, X.B. Ma, H. Ji, X.B. Zheng, and J. Chang Preparation and in vitro evaluation of plasma-sprayed bioactive akermanite coatings Biomed Mater 7 2012 065004
65. M. Zhang, C. Wu, K. Lin, W. Fan, L. Chen, and Y. Xiao et al. Biological responses of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to Sr-M-Si (M = Zn, Mg) silicate bioceramics J Biomed Mater Res Part A 100A 2012 2979 2990
66. C. Wu, M. Zhang, D. Zhai, J. Yu, Y. Liu, and H. Zhu et al. Containerless processing for preparation of akermanite bioceramic spheres with homogeneous structure, tailored bioactivity and degradation J Mater Chem B 1 2013 1019 1026
67. H. Sun, C. Wu, K. Dai, J. Chang, and T. Tang Proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived stromal cells on akermanite-bioactive ceramics Biomaterials 27 2006 5651 5657
68. L. Xia, Z. Zhang, L. Chen, W. Zhang, D. Zeng, and X. Zhang et al. Proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells on akermanite and beta-TCP bioceramics Eur Cell Mater 22 2011 68 82
69. W. Zhai, H. Lu, L. Chen, X. Lin, Y. Huang, and K. Dai et al. Silicate bioceramics induce angiogenesis during bone regeneration Acta Biomater 8 2012 341 349
70. G. Liu, C.T. Wu, W. Fan, X.G. Miao, D.C. Sin, and R. Crawford et al. The effects of bioactive akermanite on physiochemical, drug-delivery, and biological properties of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) beads J Biomed Mater Res Part B 96B 2011 360 368
71. 16) scaffold with biomimetic apatite layer for bone tissue engineering J Mater Sci Mater Med 18 2007 857 864
72. C.T. Wu, and J. Chang Synthesis and in vitro bioactivity of bredigite powders J Biomater Appl 21 2007 251 263
73. X.H. Huang, and J. Chang Preparation of nanocrystalline bredigite powders with apatite-forming ability by a simple combustion method Mater Res Bull 43 2008 1615 1620
74. F. Tavangarian, and R. Emadi Mechanism of nanostructure bredigite formation by mechanical activation with thermal treatment Mater Lett 65 2011 2354 2356
75. S.M. Mirhadi, F. Tavangarian, and R. Emadi Synthesis, characterization and formation mechanism of single-phase nanostructure bredigite powder Mater Sci Eng C 32 2012 133 139
76. W. Zhai, H. Lu, C. Wu, L. Chen, X. Lin, and K. Naoki et al. Stimulatory effects of the ionic products from Ca-Mg-Si bioceramics on both osteogenesis and angiogenesis in vitro Acta Biomater 9 2013 8004 8014
77. Y. Zhou, C. Wu, X. Zhang, P. Han, and Y. Xiao The ionic products from bredigite bioceramics induced cementogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament cells via activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway J Mater Chem B 1 2013 3380 3389
78. T. Nonami, C. Takahashi, and J. Yamazaki Synthesis of diopside by alkoxide method and coating on titanium J Ceram Soc Jpn 103 1995 703 708
79. N.Y. Iwata, G.H. Lee, S. Tsunakawa, Y. Tokuoka, and N. Kawashima Preparation of diopside with apatite-forming ability by sol-gel process using metal alkoxide and metal salts Colloids Surf B 33 2004 1 6
80. J. Wei, J.X. Lu, Y.G. Yan, H. Li, J. Ma, and X.H. Wu et al. Preparation and characterization of well ordered mesoporous diopside nanobiomaterial J Nanosci Nanotechnol 11 2011 10746 10749
81. T. Nonami Developmental-study of diopside for use as implant material Mat Res Soc Symp Proc 252 1992 87 92
82. 6) scaffold: a promising bioactive material for bone tissue engineering Acta Biomater 6 2010 2237 2245
83. P.N. De Aza, Z.B. Luklinska, and M. Anseau Bioactivity of diopside ceramic in human parotid saliva J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 73 2005 54 60
84. T. Luo, C.T. Wu, and Y.F. Zhang The in vivo osteogenesis of Mg or Zr-modified silicate-based bioceramic spheres J Biomed Mater Res Part A 100A 2012 2269 2277
85. W.C. Xue, X.Y. Liu, X.B. Zheng, and C.X. Ding Plasma-sprayed diopside coatings for biomedical applications Surf Coat Technol 185 2004 340 345
86. W.C. Xue, C.X. Ding, C. Cao, and Y.Q. Dong Bioactivity of plasma-sprayed diopside coating in vitro Key Eng Mater 288-289 2005 319 322
87. A. Lecointre, A. Bessière, K.R. Priolkar, D. Gourier, G. Wallez, and B. Viana Role of manganese in red long-lasting phosphorescence of manganese-doped diopside for in vivo imaging Mater Res Bull 48 2013 1898 1905
88. L. Ghorbanian, R. Emadi, S.M. Razavi, H. Shin, and A. Teimouri Fabrication and characterization of novel diopside/silk fibroin nanocomposite scaffolds for potential application in maxillofacial bone regeneration Int J Biol Macromol 58 2013 275 280
89. M.H. Fathi, and M. Kharaziha Mechanically activated crystallization of phase pure nanocrystalline forsterite powders Mater Lett 62 2008 4306 4309
90. F. Tavangarian, and R. Emadi Mechanical activation assisted synthesis of pure nanocrystalline forsterite powder J Alloys Compd 485 2009 648 652
91. 4) powder by combined mechanical activation and thermal treatment Mater Res Bull 45 2010 388 391
92. F. Tavangarian, and R. Emadi Synthesis of pure nanocrystalline magnesium silicate powder Ceram Silik 54 2010 122 127
93. S.K.Y. Lee, C.Y. Tan, S.K.L. Lai, R. Tolouei, M. Amiriyan, and B.K. Yap et al. Sintering behaviour of forsterite bioceramics Natl Postgrad Conf (NPC) 1 2011 19 20
94. S. Ramesh, A. Yaghoubi, K.Y. Sara Lee, K.M. Christopher Chin, J. Purbolaksono, and M. Hamdi et al. Nanocrystalline forsterite for biomedical applications: synthesis, microstructure and mechanical properties J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 25 2013 63 69
95. M. Kharaziha, and M.H. Fathi Synthesis and characterization of bioactive forsterite nanopowder Ceram Int 35 2009 2449 2454
96. K.P. Sanosh, A. Balakrishnan, L. Francis, and T.N. Kim Sol-gel synthesis of forsterite nanopowders with narrow particle size distribution J Alloys Compd 495 2010 113 115
97. M.A. Naghiu, M. Gorea, E. Mutch, F. Kristaly, and M. Tomoaia-Cotisel Forsterite nanopowder: structural characterization and biocompatibility evaluation J Mater Sci Technol 29 2013 628 632
98. M.H. Fathi, and M. Kharaziha The effect of fluorine ion on fabrication of nanostructure forsterite during mechanochemical synthesis J Alloys Compd 472 2009 540 545
99. S. Durdu, and M. Usta Characterization and mechanical properties of coatings on magnesium by micro arc oxidation Appl Surf Sci 261 2012 774 782
100. P. Colombo, E. Bernardo, and G. Parcianello Multifunctional advanced ceramics from preceramic polymers and nano-sized active fillers J Eur Ceram Soc 33 2013 453 469
101. M.H. Fathi, and M. Kharaziha Two-step sintering of dense, nanostructural forsterite Mater Lett 63 2009 1455 1458
102. H. Ghomi, M. Jaberzadeh, and M.H. Fathi Novel fabrication of forsterite scaffold with improved mechanical properties J Alloys Compd 509 2011 L63 L68
103. 2-MgO system composite bioceramics J Mater Sci Mater Med 19 2008 359 367
104. T.J. Webster, R.W. Siegel, and R. Bizios Design and evaluation of nanophase alumina for orthopaedic/dental applications Nanostruct Mater 12 1999 983 986
105. T.J. Webster, R.W. Siegel, and R. Bizios Osteoblast adhesion on nanophase ceramics Biomaterials 20 1999 1221 1227
106. T.J. Webster, C. Ergun, R.H. Doremus, R.W. Siegel, and R. Bizios Specific proteins mediate enhanced osteoblast adhesion on nanophase ceramics J Biomed Mater Res 51 2000 475 483
107. F. Tavangarian, and R. Emadi Improving degradation rate and apatite formation ability of nanostructure forsterite Ceram Int 37 2011 2275 2280
108. F. Tavangarian, and R. Emadi Nanostructure effects on the bioactivity of forsterite bioceramic Mater Lett 65 2011 740 743
109. S. Ni, and J. Chang In vitro degradation, bioactivity, and cytocompatibility of calcium silicate, dimagnesium silicate, and tricalcium phosphate bioceramics J Biomater Appl 24 2009 139 158
110. M. Diba, M.H. Fathi, and M. Kharaziha Novel forsterite/polycaprolactone nanocomposite scaffold for tissue engineering applications Mater Lett 65 2011 1931 1934
111. R. Emadi, F. Tavangarian, S.I.R. Esfahani, A. Sheikhhosseini, and M. Kharaziha Nanostructured forsterite coating strengthens porous hydroxyapatite for bone tissue engineering J Am Ceram Soc 93 2010 2679 2683
112. 4 coating on titanium alloy Acta Biomater 5 2009 2331 2337
113. M. Diba, M. Kharaziha, M.H. Fathi, M. Gholipourmalekabadi, and A. Samadikuchaksaraei Preparation and characterization of polycaprolactone/ forsterite nanocomposite porous scaffolds designed for bone tissue regeneration Compos Sci Technol 72 2012 716 723
114. M. Kharaziha, M.H. Fathi, and H. Edris Development of novel aligned nanofibrous composite membranes for guided bone regeneration J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 24 2013 9 20
115. J. Ou, Y.Q. Kang, Z.B. Huang, X.C. Chen, J. Wu, and R.C. Xiao et al. Preparation and in vitro bioactivity of novel merwinite ceramic Biomed Mater 2008 3
116. X.C. Chen, J. Ou, Y.Q. Kang, Z.B. Huang, H.Y. Zhu, and G.F. Yin et al. Synthesis and characteristics of monticellite bioactive ceramic J Mater Sci Mater Med 19 2008 1257 1263
117. (2)) via sol-gel method Ceram Int 37 2011 175 180
118. 8) as a novel bioceramic J Ceram Process Res 11 2010 765 768
119. X. Chen, G. Yin, J. Ou, and H. ZHU In vitro bioactivity of merwinite prepared by sol-gel process J Funct Mater 38 2007 435 437
120. J. Ou, G.F. Yin, D.L. Zhou, X. Chen, Y.D. Yao, and W.Z. Yang et al. Preparation of merwinite with apatite-forming ability by sol-gel process Key Eng Mater 330 2007 67 70
121. 2 system J Mater Sci Mater Med 21 2010 1463 1471
122. M. Abbasi-Shahni, S. Hesaraki, A.A. Behnam-Ghader, and M. Hafezi-Ardakani Mechanical properties and in vitro bioactivity of β-tri calcium phosphate, merwinite nanocomposites Key Eng Mater 493 2012 582 587
123. M.H. Ardakani, A.R. Talebi, S.M. Miresmaeili, F. Sadeghian, and F. Farzaneh Effect of a calcium magnesium silicate bioceramic (merwinite) for bone regeneration: in vivo J Tissue Eng Regen Med 6 2012 25-5
124. M. Hafezi, A. Reza Talebi, S. Mohsen Miresmaeili, F. Sadeghian, and F. Fesahat Histological analysis of bone repair in rat femur via nanostructured merwinite granules Ceram Int 39 2013 4575 4580
125. M. Baek, J.A. Lee, and S.J. Choi Toxicological effects of a cationic clay, montmorillonite in vitro and in vivo Mol Cell Toxicol 8 2012 95 101
126. P.R. Li, J.C. Wei, Y.F. Chiu, H.L. Su, F.C. Peng, and J.J. Lin Evaluation on cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of the exfoliated silicate nanoclay ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2 2010 1608 1613
127. C.V. Iborra, G. Cultrone, P. Cerezo, C. Aguzzi, M.T. Baschini, and J. Valles et al. Characterisation of northern patagonian bentonites for pharmaceutical uses Appl Clay Sci 31 2006 272 281
128. M. Baek, J.H. Choy, and S.J. Choi Montmorillonite intercalated with glutathione for antioxidant delivery: synthesis, characterization, and bioavailability evaluation Int J Pharm 425 2012 29 34
129. T.S. Anirudhan, and S. Sandeep Synthesis, characterization, cellular uptake and cytotoxicity of a multifunctional magnetic nanocomposite for the targeted delivery and controlled release of doxorubicin to cancer cells J Mater Chem 22 2012 12888 12899
130. M.E. Parolo, M.J. Avena, G. Pettinari, I. Zajonkovsky, J.M. Valles, and M.T. Baschini Antimicrobial properties of tetracycline and minocycline- montmorillonites Appl Clay Sci 49 2010 194 199
131. M.I. Carretero, and M. Pozo Clay and non-clay minerals in the pharmaceutical industry. Part I: excipients and medical applications Appl Clay Sci 46 2009 73 80
132. X.G. Jin, J.A. Chang, W.Y. Zhai, and K.L. Lin Preparation and characterization of clinoenstatite bioceramics J Am Ceram Soc 94 2011 173 177
133. D. Goeuriot, J.C. Dubois, D. Merle, F. Thevenot, and P. Exbrayat Enstatite based ceramics for machinable prosthesis applications J Eur Ceram Soc 18 1998 2045 2056
134. 2 compounders employed pseudo body solution of application for biomaterials J Aust Ceram Soc 48 2012 180 184
135. 2 synthesis in pseudo body fluid and apatite deposition for incipient dentin caries treatment J Aust Ceram Soc 47 2011 14 17
136. 3 as additive on Ti-6Al-4V alloy J Mater Sci Mater Med 22 2011 2261 2271
137. 2 additives J Eur Ceram Soc 26 2006 1463 1471
138. W. Vogel, and W. Holand The development of bioglass ceramics for medical applications Angew Chem Int Ed 26 1987 527 544
139. W. Vogel, W. Holand, K. Naumann, and J. Gummel Development of machineable bioactive glass-ceramics for medical uses J Non-Cryst Solids 80 1986 34 51
140. W. Holand, W. Vogel, K. Naumann, and J. Gummel Interface reactions between machinable bioactive glass-ceramics and bone J Biomed Mater Res 19 1985 303 312
141. 5-MgO system Cent Eur J Chem 7 2009 322 327
142. C. Vitale-Brovarone, E. Verne, L. Robiglio, P. Appendino, F. Bassi, and G. Martinasso et al. Development of glass-ceramic scaffolds for bone tissue engineering: characterisation, proliferation of human osteoblasts and nodule formation Acta Biomater 3 2007 199 208
143. C. Vitale-Brovarone, E. Verne, L. Robiglio, G. Martinasso, R.A. Canuto, and G. Muzio Biocompatible glass-ceramic materials for bone substitution J Mater Sci Mater Med 19 2008 471 478
144. C. Renghini, V. Komlev, F. Fiori, E. Verne, F. Baino, and C. Vitale-Brovarone Micro-CT studies on 3-D bioactive glass-ceramic scaffolds for bone regeneration Acta Biomater 5 2009 1328 1337
145. C. Vitale-Brovarone, F. Baino, G. Martinasso, R. Canuto, F. Bassi, and E. Verne Glass-ceramic scaffolds and shock waves effect on cells migration Key Eng Mater 361-363 2008 233 236
146. D.M. Liu, and H.M. Chou Formation of a new bioactive glass-ceramic J Mater Sci Mater Med 5 1994 7 10
147. D.M. Liu Bioactive glass-ceramic - formation, characterization and bioactivity Mater Chem Phys 36 1994 294 303
148. 2-CaO-MgO system Mater Sci Forum 560 2007 35 40
149. 2 system J Biomed Mater Res Part B 93B 2010 194 202
150. 5 additives J Non-Cryst Solids 352 2006 322 328
151. 2 system Biomaterials 21 2000 251 257
152. 2 system Biomaterials 22 2001 2013 2019
153. J. Gil-Albarova, R. Garrido-Lahiguera, A.J. Salinas, J. Roman, A. Bueno-Lozano, and R. Gil-Albarova et al. The in vivo performance of a sol-gel glass and a glass-ceramic in the treatment of limited bone defects Biomaterials 25 2004 4639 4645
154. 2O-F glass-ceramics Biomaterials 26 2005 2255 2264
155. C. Vitale-Brovarone, M. Miola, C. Balagna, and E. Verné 3D-glass-ceramic scaffolds with antibacterial properties for bone grafting Chem Eng J 137 2008 129 136
156. 5 glass Mater Lett 11 1991 15 18
157. 3 additive J Mater Res 23 2008 2873 2879
158. 2 glass ceramics synthesized using transferred arc plasma (TAP) process Mater Sci Eng C 29 2009 1759 1764
159. C.P. Yoganand, V. Selvarajan, M. Rouabhia, V. Cannillo, and A. Sola Bioactivity of thermal plasma synthesized bovine hydroxyapatite/glass ceramic composites J Phys Conf Ser 208 2010 012099
160. 2-CaO-MgO glass-ceramics synthesized by transferred arc plasma (TAP) Bioceram Dev Appl 1 2011 1 4
161. I. Kansal, D.U. Tulyaganov, A. Goel, M.J. Pascual, and J.M.F. Ferreira Structural analysis and thermal behavior of diopside-fluorapatite-wollastonite- based glasses and glass-ceramics Acta Biomater 6 2010 4380 4388
162. O.M. Goudouri, E. Theodosoglou, A. Theocharidou, E. Kontonasaki, L. Papadopoulou, and X. Chatzistavrou et al. Magnesium based sol-gel derived bioactive glass ceramics for dental tissue regeneration Key Eng Mater 493-494 2011 884 889
163. 2 glasses J Eur Ceram Soc 32 2012 2739 2746
164. 4-system in relation to their biological activity J Mater Sci Mater Med 20 2009 2385 2394
165. P. Alizadeh, and V.K. Marghussian Mechanical properties and bioactive characteristics of glass-ceramics Am Ceram Soc Bull 81 2002 21 26
166. 3 glass-ceramics Ceram Int 36 2010 283 290
167. M. Kamitakahara, C. Ohtsuki, Y. Kozaka, S. Ogata, M. Tanihara, and T. Miyazaki Preparation of porous glass-ceramics containing whitlockite and diopside for bone repair J Ceram Soc Jpn 114 2006 82 86
168. 2 or ZnO additives Ceram Int 35 2009 1083 1093
169. A. Goel, S. Kapoor, R.R. Rajagopal, M.J. Pascual, H.-W. Kim, and J.M.F. Ferreira Alkali-free bioactive glasses for bone tissue engineering: a preliminary investigation Acta Biomater 8 2012 361 372
170. T. Kasuga, K. Nakagawa, M. Yoshida, and E. Miyade Compositional dependence of formation of an apatite layer on glass-ceramics in simulated physiological solution J Mater Sci 22 1987 3721 3724
171. 5 glass J Am Ceram Soc 73 1990 1062 1068
172. 6 system Ceram Int 32 2006 357 364
173. A. Karamanov, L. Arrizza, I. Matekovits, and M. Pelino Properties of sintered glass-ceramics in the diopside-albite system Ceram Int 30 2004 2129 2135
174. 2 system in a simulated body fluid Biomaterials 16 1995 849 854
175. 2-MgO system J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 14 2012 78 88
176. F.J. Torres, and J. Alarcon Mechanism of crystallization of pyroxene-based glass-ceramic glazes J Non-Cryst Solids 347 2004 45 51
177. 2 glass-ceramics J Am Ceram Soc 78 1995 2161 2167
178. S. Bhakta, D.K. Pattanayak, H. Takadama, T. Kokubo, C.A. Miller, and M. Mirsaneh et al. Prediction of osteoconductive activity of modified potassium fluorrichterite glass-ceramics by immersion in simulated body fluid J Mater Sci Mater Med 21 2010 2979 2988
179. S. Bhakta, P.E. Faira, L.A. Salata, P.J.D. Neto, C.A. Miller, and R. van Noort et al. Determination of relative in vivo osteoconductivity of modified potassium fluorrichterite glass-ceramics compared with 45S5 bioglass J Mater Sci Mater Med 23 2012 2521 2529
180. S. Bhakta, K.H. Gillingham, M. Mirsaneh, C.A. Miller, I.M. Reaney, and I.M. Brook et al. In vitro biocompatibility of modified potassium fluorrichterite and potassium fluorrichterite-fluorapatite glass-ceramics J Mater Sci Mater Med 22 2011 2065 2070
181. M. Mirsaneh, I.M. Reaney, P.V. Hatton, and P.F. James Characterization of high-fracture toughness K-fluorrichterite-fluorapatite glass ceramics J Am Ceram Soc 87 2004 240 246
182. 3 Int J Sci Eng Res 2 2011 1 9
183. 8 system J Non-Cryst Solids 363 2013 32 38
184. P. Alizadeh, B. Eftekhari Yekta, and T. Javadi Preparation of machinable bioactive mica diopside-fluoroapatite glass-ceramics Adv Appl Ceram 109 2010 56 61
185. A.R. Molla, and B. Basu Microstructure, mechanical, and in vitro properties of mica glass-ceramics with varying fluorine content J Mater Sci Mater Med 20 2009 869 882
186. 3-F glass ceramic J Mater Sci Mater Med 21 2010 1297 1309
187. Q.J. Xiang, Y. Liu, X.X. Sheng, and X.H. Dan Preparation of mica-based glass-ceramics with needle-like fluorapatite Dent Mater 23 2007 251 258
188. 2 system Ceram Int 33 2007 1557 1561
189. Z. Strnad Role of the glass phase in bioactive glass-ceramics Biomaterials 13 1992 317 321
190. 2 glass-ceramic dental material using zirconia as nucleating agent J Biomed Mater Res Part B 100B 2012 463 470
191. 2 system J Mater Sci 30 1995 2341 2347
192. T. Nakamura, T. Yamamuro, S. Higashi, T. Kokubo, and S. Itoo A new glass-ceramic for bone-replacement - evaluation of its bonding to bone tissue J Biomed Mater Res 19 1985 685 698
193. T. Kokubo, S. Ito, M. Shigematsu, S. Sakka, and T. Yamamuro Mechanical-properties of a new type of apatite-containing glass ceramic for prosthetic application J Mater Sci 20 1985 2001 2004
194. T. Kokubo, H. Kushitani, S. Sakka, T. Kitsugi, and T. Yamamuro Solutions able to reproduce in vivo surface-structure changes in bioactive glass-ceramic A-W J Biomed Mater Res 24 1990 721 734
195. 2 glass and glass-ceramic powder J Biomed Mater Res 30 1996 85 94
196. H. Fujita, T. Nakamura, J. Tamura, M. Kobayashi, Y. Katsura, and T. Kokubo et al. Bioactive bone cement: effect of the amount of glass-ceramic powder on bone-bonding strength J Biomed Mater Res 40 1998 145 152
197. S. Shinzato, M. Kobayashi, W.F. Mousa, M. Kamimura, M. Neo, and Y. Kitamura et al. Bioactive polymethyl methacrylate-based bone cement: comparison of glass beads, apatite- and wollastonite-containing glass-ceramic, and hydroxyapatite fillers on mechanical and biological properties J Biomed Mater Res 51 2000 258 272
198. 2 glass (mother glass of A.W-glass-ceramics) J Biomed Mater Res 23 1989 631 648
199. T. Kokubo Bioactive glass ceramics: properties and applications Biomaterials 12 1991 155 163
200. T. Kitsugi, T. Yamamuro, T. Nakamura, S. Higashi, Y. Kakutani, and K. Hyakuna et al. Bone bonding behavior of three kinds of apatite containing glass ceramics J Biomed Mater Res 20 1986 1295 1307
201. T. Kitsugi, T. Nakamura, T. Yamamura, T. Kokubu, T. Shibuya, and M. Takagi SEM-EPMA observation of three types of apatite-containing glass-ceramics implanted in bone: the variance of a Ca-P-rich layer J Biomed Mater Res 21 1987 1255 1271
202. (2) glass ceramic Biomed Mater 3 2008 015005
203. Y. Zhang, and J.D. Santos Crystallization and microstructure analysis of calcium phosphate-based glass ceramics for biomedical applications J Non-Cryst Solids 272 2000 14 21
204. 3 doped apatite-wollastonite containing glass ceramic provokes osteogenic differentiation of marrow stromal stem cells J Biomed Mater Res 44 1999 381 388
205. T. Kokubo, S. Ito, Z.T. Huang, T. Hayashi, S. Sakka, and T. Kitsugi et al. Ca, P-rich layer formed on high-strength bioactive glass-ceramic A-W J Biomed Mater Res 24 1990 331 343
206. S.B. Cho, F. Miyaji, T. Kokubo, and T. Nakamura Induction of bioactivity of a non-bioactive glass-ceramic by a chemical treatment Biomaterials 18 1997 1479 1485
207. S. Abiraman, H.K. Varma, T.V. Kumari, P.R. Umashankar, and A. John Preliminary in vitro and in vivo characterizations of a sol-gel derived bioactive glass-ceramic system Bull Mater Sci 25 2002 419 429
208. B.A. Blencke, H. Bromer, and K.K. Deutscher Compatibility and long-term stability of glass-ceramic implants J Biomed Mater Res 12 1978 307 316
209. 2 and MgO oxides: high temperature XRD studies J Non-Cryst Solids 351 2005 810 817
210. 5 system Ceram Int 38 2012 6677 6684
211. 3 for hyperthermia treatment of bone tumor J Mater Sci Mater Med 22 2011 2197 2206
212. J. Ma, C.Z. Chen, D.G. Wang, and J.H. Hu Synthesis, characterization and in vitro bioactivity of magnesium-doped sol-gel glass and glass-ceramics Ceram Int 37 2011 1637 1644
213. 5 sol-gel glasses J Mater Chem 9 1999 515 518
214. M. Vallet-Regí, C.V. Ragel, and A.J. Salinas Glasses with medical applications Eur J Inorg Chem 2 2003 1029 1042
215. 5 J Mater Sci 21 1986 536 540
216. T. Nonami, and N. Satoh Preparation of elongated diopside/hydroxyapatite composite and their cell-culture test J Ceram Soc Jpn 103 1995 804 809
217. 2 ceramics in simulated body fluid Key Eng Mater 396-398 2009 103 106
218. (2) bioceramics: in vitro simulated body fluid test and thermodynamic simulation Acta Biomater 6 2010 2797 2807
219. 3/diopside ceramic composites and their behaviour in simulated body fluid Ceram Int 36 2010 2505 2509
220. 3/diopside ceramic composites and their behaviour in simulated body fluid Mater Sci Technol 29 2013 378 382
221. M. Zhang, C. Liu, J. Sun, and X. Zhang Hydroxyapatite/diopside ceramic composites and their behaviour in simulated body fluid Ceram Int 37 2011 2025 2029
222. A. Yazdanpanah, R. Kamalian, F. Moztarzadeh, M. Mozafari, R. Ravarian, and L. Tayebi Enhancement of fracture toughness in bioactive glass-based nanocomposites with nanocrystalline forsterite as advanced biomaterials for bone tissue engineering applications Ceram Int 38 2012 5007 5014
223. V.M. Pogrebenkov, V.V. Shumkova, and V.V. Pogrebenkova Apatite-diopside bioglass ceramic composites Glass Ceram 61 2004 87 89
224. M. Ashuri, F. Moztarzadeh, N. Nezafati, A.A. Hamedani, and M. Tahriri Development of a composite based on hydroxyapatite and magnesium and zinc-containing sol-gel-derived bioactive glass for bone substitute applications Mater Sci Eng C 32 2012 2330 2339
225. 3 ceramics Key Eng Mater 330 2007 181 184
226. M.M. Sebdani, and M.H. Fathi Fabrication and characterization of hydroxyapatite-forsterite-bioactive glass composite nanopowder for biomedical applications Int J Appl Ceram Technol 8 2011 553 559
227. Sebdani MM, Fathi MH. Fabrication and characterization of sol-gel hydroxyapatite-forsterite-bioactive glass nanocomposite coating for biomedical applications. In: Biomed eng (ICBME) 17th Iranian conf, vol. 1; 2010. p. 3-4.
228. M.M. Sebdani, and M.H. Fathi Preparation and characterization of hydroxyapatite-forsterite-bioactive glass nanocomposite coatings for biomedical applications Ceram Int 38 2012 1325 1330
229. A. Forghani, M. Mapar, M. Kharaziha, M.H. Fathi, and M. Fesharaki Novel fluorapatite-forsterite nanocomposite powder for oral bone defects Int J Appl Ceram Technol 2012 E282 E289
230. H. Ghomi, M.H. Fathi, and H. Edris Fabrication and characterization of triple nanobioceramic composite foam J Compos Mater 46 2012 1809 1817
231. 2O-CaO-MgO glass-ceramic bioactive scaffolds for bone substitutes J Mater Sci Mater Med 16 2005 909 917