Long-distance exchange in the precolonial Circum-Caribbean: A multi-isotope study of animal tooth pendants from Puerto Rico

Journal of Anthropological Archaeology

Volumn 35, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 220-233

  Laffoon, Jason E ^a,b   Rodríguez Ramos, Reniel ^c   Chanlatte Baik, Luis ^d   Narganes Storde, Yvonne ^d   Rodríguez Lopez, Miguel ^e   Davies, Gareth R ^b   Hofman, Corinne L ^a  

^a LEIDEN UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

^b VU UNIVERSITY AMSTERDAM   (Netherlands)

^c Universidad de Puerto Rico Utuado   (Puerto Rico)

^d UNIVERSITY OF PUERTO RICO RIO PIEDRAS   (Puerto Rico)

^e Centro de Estudios Avanzados de Puerto Rico y El Caribe   (Puerto Rico)

Author keywords

Animal tooth; Caribbean; Exchange; Oxygen isotope; Pendants; Strontium isotope

Indexed keywords

EID: 84903708796     PISSN: 02784165     EISSN: 10902686     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaa.2014.06.004     Document Type: Article

References (178)

1. Antczak, A., 1995. Mammal Bone Remains from the Late Prehistoric Amerindian Sites on Los Roques Archipelago, Venezuela: An Interpretation. In: Proceedings of the XVIth International Congress for Caribbean Archaeology. Conseil Régional de la Guadeloupe, Basse Terre, Guadeloupe, pp. 83-99.
2. Antczak M.M., Antczak A. Los Ídolos de las Islas Prometidas: Arqueología Prehispánica del Archipiélago de Los Roques 2006, Editorial Equinoccio, Caracas.
3. Balasse Marie, Ambrose S.H., Smith A.B., Price T.D. The seasonal mobility model for prehistoric herders in the south-western cape of South Africa assessed by isotopic analysis of sheep tooth enamel. J. Archaeol. Sci. 2002, 29:917-932.
4. 86Sr variations in bedrock and water for large scale provenance studies. Chem. Geol. 2012, 304-305:39-52.
5. Bataille C.P., Laffoon J., Bowen G.J. Mapping multiple source effects on the strontium isotopic signatures of ecosystems from the Circum-Caribbean region. Ecosphere 2012, 3(12):118.
6. Beets C.J., Troelstra S.R., Grootes P.M., Nadeau M.-J., van der Borg K., de Jong A.F.M., Hofman C.L., Hoogland M.L.P. Climate and Pre-Columbian settlements at Anse à la Gourde, Guadeloupe, Northeastern Caribbean. Geoarchaeology 2006, 21(3):271-280.
7. Bell L.S., Lee-Thorp J.A., Elkerton A. The sinking of the Mary Rose warship: a medieval mystery solved?. J. Archaeol. Sci. 2009, 36:166-173.
8. Bell L.S., Lee-Thorp J.A., Elkerton A. Sailing against the wind. Reply to Millard and Schroeder: 'True British sailors': a comment on the origin of the men of the Mary Rose. J. Archaeol. Sci. 2010, 37:683-686.
9. Bentley R.A., Pietrusewsky M., Douglas M.T., Atkinson T.C. Matrilocality during the prehistoric transition to agriculture in Thailand?. Antiquity 2005, 79:865-881.
10. Bentley R.A., Buckley H.R., Spriggs M., Bedford S., Ottley C.J., Nowell G.M., Macpherson C.G., Pearson D.G. Lapita migrants in the Pacific's Oldest cemetery: isotopic analysis at Teouma, Vanuatu. Am. Antiq. 2007, 72(4):645-656.
11. Bern C.R., Townsend A.R., Farmer G.L. Unexpected dominance of parent-material strontium in a tropical forest on highly weathered soils. Ecology 2005, 86(626-632).
12. Blum J.D., Taliaferro E.H., Weisse M.T., Holmes R.T. Changes in Sr/Ca, Ba/Ca and 87Sr/86Sr ratios between trophic levels in two forest ecosystems in the northeastern U.S.A. Biogeochemistry 2000, 49(1):87-101.
13. Bonnissent, D., 2008. Archéologie précolombienne de l'île de Saint Martin, Petites Antilles, (3300 BC-1600 AD). Thèse de doctorat, Université d'Aix-Marseille.
14. 86Sr at Anse á la Gourde, Guadeloupe. Crossing the Borders: New Methods and Techniques in the Study of Archaeological Materials from the Caribbean 2008, 214-225. University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa. C.L. Hofman, M.L.P. Hoogland, A.L. van Gijn (Eds.).
15. Boomert A. Gifts of the Amazons: "green stone" pendants and beads as items of ceremonial exchange in Amazonia and the Caribbean. Antropologica 1987, 67:33-54.
16. Boomert, A., 2000. Trinidad, Tobago and the Lower Orinoco Interaction Sphere: An Archaeological/Ethnohistorical Study. PhD Dissertation, Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University, Leiden.
17. Boomert, A., 2001. Raptorial Birds as Icons of Shamanism in the Prehistoric Caribbean and Amazonia. In: Alofs, L., Dijkhoff, R.A.C.F. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 19th Congress of the International Association for Caribbean Archaeology, vol. II. Publications of the Archaeological Museum Aruba 9, Aruba, pp. 121-157.
18. Boomert, A., Rogers, C.T., 2007. Troumassoid stone artifacts in Tobago: rock types and source areas. In: Reid, B.A., Petitjean Roget, H., Curet, L.A., Proceedings of the 21st Congress of the International Association for Caribbean Archaeology, vol. 1. University of the West Indies, School of Continuing Studies, St. Augustine, Trinidad, pp. 282-294.
19. Bowen G.J., Revenaugh J. Interpolating the isotopic composition of modern meteoric precipitation. Water Resour. Res. 2003, 39(10):1299.
20. Bryant J.D., Froelich P.N. A model of oxygen isotope fractionation in body water of large mammals. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1995, 59(21):4523-4537.
21. Bryant J.D., Luz B., Froelich P.N. Oxygen isotopic composition of fossil horse tooth phosphate as a record of continental paleoclimate. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 1994, 107(3):303-316.
22. Bryant J.D., Koch P.L., Froelich P.N., Showers W.J., Genna B.J. Oxygen isotope partitioning between phosphate and carbonate in mammalian apatite. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1996, 60:5145-5148.
23. Budd P., Montgomery J., Barreiro B., Thomas R.G. Differential diagenesis of strontium in archaeological human dental tissues. Appl. Geochem. 2000, 15:687-694.
24. Budd P., Millard A., Chenery C., Lucy S., Roberts C. Investigating population movement by stable isotope analysis: a report from Britain. Antiquity 2004, 78:127-141.
25. Carr R.S. Digging Miami 2012, University Press of Florida.
26. Cerling T.E., Harris J.M., Ambrose S.H., Leakey M.G., Solounias N. Dietary and environmental reconstruction with stable isotope analyses of herbivore tooth enamel from the Miocene locality of Fort Ternan, Kenya. J. Hum. Evol. 1997, 33(6):635-650.
27. Chanlatte Baik, L.A., 1981. La Hueca y Sorcé (Vieques, Puerto Rico): Primeras migraciones agroalfareras antillanas. Published by the author, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.
28. Chanlatte Baik, L.A., 1983. Sorce-Vieques: Climax Cultural Igneri y su Participacion en los Procesos Socioculturales Antillanos. In: Allaire, L. (Ed.), Proceedings of the Ninth International Congress for the Study of the Pre-Columbian Cultures of the Lesser Antilles, Centre de Recherches Caraibes, Université de Montréal. pp. 73-96.
29. Chanlatte Baik L.A. Huecoid Culture and the Antillean Agroalfarero (Farmer-Potter) Period. The Oxford Handbook of Caribbean Archaeology 2013, 171-183. Oxford University Press, Oxford. W.F. Keegan, C.L. Hofman, R. Rodríguez Ramos (Eds.).
30. Chanlatte Baik, L.A., Narganes Storde, Y.M., 1980. La Hueca Vieques: Nuevo Complejo Cultural Agroalfarero en la Arqueologicia Antillana. In: Lewenstein, S.M. (Ed.), Proceedings of the Eighth International Congress for the Study of the Pre-Columbian Cultures of the Lesser Antilles. Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, pp. 501-523.
31. Chanlatte Baik, L.A., Narganes Storde, Y.M., 1983. Vieques-Puerto Rico: Asiento de una nueva cultura aborigen antillana. Published by the authors, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.
32. Chenery C.A., Pashley V., Lamb A.L., Sloane H.J., Evans J.A. The oxygen isotope relationship between the phosphate and structural carbonate fractions of human bioapatite. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 2012, 26:309-319.
33. Cody, A., 1991. From the Site of Pearls, Grenada: Exotic Lithics and Radio Carbon Dates (Saladoid). In: Ayubi, E.N., Haviser, J.B. (Eds.), Proceedings of the XIIIth Congress of the International Association for Caribbean Archaeology. Archaeological-Anthropological Institute of the Netherlands Antilles, Willemstad, Curacao, pp. 589-604.
34. Cody, A., 1993. Distribution of the exotic stone artifacts through the lesser antilles: implications for prehistoric interaction and exchange. In: Cummins, A., King, P. (Eds.), Proceedings of the XIVth Congress of the International Association for Caribbean Archaeology. Barbados Museum and Historical Society, Bridgetown, Barbados. pp. 204-226.
35. Coplen T.B. Normalization of oxygen and hydrogen isotope data. Chem. Geol. Isotope Geosci. Section 1988, 72(4):293-297.
36. Cossins A.R., Bowler K. Temperature Biology of Animals 1987, Chapman and Hall, London.
37. Curet L.A., Pestle W.J. Identifying high status foods in the archeological record. J. Anthropol. Archaeol. 2010, 29(4):413-431.
38. Curtis J.H., Hodell D.A. An isotopic and trace element study of Ostracods from Lake Miragoane, Haiti: a 10,500 year record of Paleosalinity and Paleotemperature changes in the Caribbean. Climate Change in Continental Isotopic Records 1993, 135-152. American Geophysical Union, Washington D. C. P.K. Swart, K.C. Lohmann, J. McKenzie, S. Savin (Eds.).
39. Curtis J.H., Brenner M., Hodell D.A. Climate change in the Circum-Caribbean (late pleistocene to present) and implications for regional biogeography. Biogeography of the West Indies: Patterns and Perspectives 2001, 35-54. CRC Press, Boca Raton. 2nd ed. C.A. Woods, F.E. Sergile (Eds.).
40. Dansgaard W. Stable isotopes in precipitation. Tellus 1964, 16(4):436-468.
41. Daux V., Lécuyer C., Héran M.-A., Amiot R., Simon L., Fourel F., Martineau F., Lynnerup N., Reychler H., Escarguel G. Oxygen isotope fractionation between human phosphate and water revisited. J. Hum. Evol. 2008, 55:1138-1147.
42. deFrance S.D., Newsom L.A. The status of Paleoethnobiological research on Puerto Rico and adjacent Islands. Ancient Borinquen: Archaeology and Ethnohistory of Native Puerto Rico 2005, 122-184. University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa. P. Siegel (Ed.).
43. Descantes, C., Speakman, R.J., Glascock, M.D., Boulanger, M.T. (Eds.), 2008. An Exploratory Study into the Chemical Characterization of Caribbean Ceramics: Journal of Caribbean Archaeology, Special Publication Number 2.
44. Dupras T.L., Schwarcz H.P. Strangers in a strange land: stable isotope evidence for human migration in the Dakhleh Oasis, Egypt. J. Archaeol. Sci. 2001, 28:1199-1208.
45. Emmons L., Feer F. Neotropical Rainforest Mammals: A Field Guide 1997, University of Chicago Press, Chicago. 2nd ed.
46. Evans J.A., Chenery C.A., Fitzpatrick A.P. Bronze age childhood migration of individuals near stonehenge, revealed by strontium and oxygen isotope tooth enamel analysis. Archaeometry 2006, 48:309-321.
47. 86Sr biosphere variation on the Isle of Skye, Scotland. J. Geol. Soc. 2009, 166(4):617-631.
48. Fandrich, J.E., 1991. Prehistoric subsistence at the upton site: an arawak site in St. Ann Parish, Jamaica. In: Cummins, A., King, P. (Eds.), Proceedings of the XIVth Congress of the International Association for Caribbean Archaeology. Barbados Museum and Historical Society, St. Michael, Barbados, pp. 227-231.
49. Faure G., Mensing T. Isotopes: Principles and Applications 2005, John Wiley & Sons Inc, Hoboken, New Jersey. 3rd ed.
50. Fittkau E.J. The fauna of South America. Biogeography and ecology in South America 1969, vol. 2:624-650. Dr. W. Junk Publishers N. V., The Hague.
51. García-Casco A., Knippenberg S., Rodríguez Ramos R., Harlow G.E., Hofman C.L., Pomo J.C., Blanco-Quintero I.F. Pre-Columbian jadeitite artifacts from the Golden Rock Site, St. Eustatius, Lesser Antilles, with special reference to jadeitite artifacts from Elliot's, Antigua: implications for potential source regions and long-distance exchange networks in the Greater Caribbean. J. Archaeol. Sci. 2013, 40(8):3153-3169.
52. Gat J.R. The isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen in precipitation. Handbook Environ. Isotope Geochem. 1980, 1:21-47.
53. Giovas C.M., LeFebvre M.J., Fitzpatrick S.M. New records for prehistoric introduction of Neotropical mammals to the West Indies: evidence from Carriacou, Lesser Antilles. J. Biogeogr. 2011, 39(3):476-487.
54. Graustein W.C., Armstrong R.L. The use of Strontium-87/Strontium-86 ratios to measure atmospheric transport into forested watersheds. Science 1983, 219(4582):289-292.
55. Harlow G.E., Murphy A.R., Hozjan D.J., de Mille C.N., Levinson A.A. Pre-Columbian jadeite axes from Antigua, West Indies: description and possible sources. Can. Mineral. 2006, 44:305-321.
56. Harrington H.R. A West Indian Gem Center. Indian Notes 1924, vol. 1:184-189. Museum of the American Indian, Heye Foundation, New York.
57. Haviser J.B. Hope estate: lithics. Archaeological Investigations on St. Martin Lesser Antilles, Archaeological Studies Leiden University 1999, vol. 4:189-202. Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
58. Helms M.W. Ancient Panama: Chiefs in Search of Power 1979, University of Texas Press, Austin.
59. Helms M.W. Ulysses' Sail: An Ethnographic Odyssey of Power, Knowledge, and Geographical Distance 1988, Princeton University Press, Princeton.
60. Helms M.W. Long-distance contacts, elite aspirations, and the age of discovery in cosmological context. Resources, Power, and Interregional Interactions 1992, 157-174. Plenum, New York. E.M. Schortman, P.A. Urban (Eds.).
61. Hillson S. Dental Anthropology 1996, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
62. Hodell D.A., Curtis J.H., Jones G.A., Higuera-Gundy A., Brenner M., Binford M.W., Dorsey K.T. Reconstruction of Caribbean climate change over the past 10,500 Years. Nature 1991, 352(6338):790-793.
63. 86Sr) in the Maya region: a tool for tracking ancient human migration. J. Archaeol. Sci. 2004, 31:585-601.
64. Archaeological Investigations on St. Martin (Lesser Antilles). The sites of Norman Estate, Anse des Pères and Hope Estate. With a contribution to the "La Hueca problem' 1999, Archaeological Studies Leiden University 4, Leiden. C.L. Hofman, M.L.P. Hoogland (Eds.).
65. Hofman C.L., Hoogland M.L.P. Unravelling the multi-scale networks of mobility and exchange in the pre-colonial Circum-Caribbean. Communities in Contact. Essays in archaeology, Ethnohistory & Ethnography of the Amerindian Circum-Caribbean 2011, 15-44. Sidestone Press, Leiden. C.L. Hofman, A. van Duijvenbode (Eds.).
66. Hofman C.L., Bright A.J., Boomert A., Knippenberg S. Island Rhythms: The Web of Social Relationships and Interaction Networks in the Lesser Antillean Archipelago between 400 B.C. and A.D. 1492. Latin Am. Antiquity 2007, 18(3):243-268.
67. Hofman C.L., Bright A.J., Hoogland M.L.P., Keegan W.F. Attractive ideas, desirable goods: examining the late ceramic age relationships between greater and lesser antillean societies. J. Island Coast. Archaeol. 2008, 3(1):17-34.
68. Crossing the Borders: New Methods and Techniques in the Study of Archaeological Materials from the Caribbean 2008, University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa. C.L. Hofman, M.L.P. Hoogland, A.L. van Gijn (Eds.).
69. Hofman C.L., Bright A.J., Rodríguez Ramos R. Crossing the Caribbean Sea: towards a holistic view of pre-colonial mobility and exchange. J. Caribbean Archaeol. Special Publication 2010, 3:1-18.
70. Hofman C.L., Boomert A., Bright A.J., Hoogland M.L.P., Knippenberg S., Samson A.V.M. Ties with the Homelands: archipelagic interaction and the enduring role of the South and Central American Mainlands in the Pre-Columbian Lesser Antilles. Islands at the Crossroads: Migration, Seafaring, and Interaction in the Caribbean 2011, 73-86. University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa. L.A. Curet, M.W. Hauser (Eds.).
71. Hoppe K.A., Koch P.L., Furutani T.T. Assessing the preservation of biogenic strontium in fossil bones and tooth enamel. Int. J. Osteoarchaeol. 2003, 13:20-28.
72. Iacumin P., Bocherens H., Mariotti A., Longinelli A. Oxygen isotope analyses of co-existing carbonate and phosphate in biogenic apatite: a way to monitor diagenetic alteration of bone phosphate?. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1996, 142:1-6.
73. International Atomic Energy Agency: RCWIP (Regionalized Cluster-Based Water Isotope Prediction) Model - gridded precipitation δ18O|δ2H| δ18O and δ2H isoscape data, 2013. International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria (downloaded at 2013-12-20). http://www.iaea.org/water.
74. International Atomic Energy Agency/World Meteorological Organization, 2013. Global Network of Isotopes in Precipitation. The GNIP Database. Accessible at:. http://www.iaea.org/water.
75. Jones I.C., Banner J.L., Humphrey J.D. Estimating recharge in a tropical karst aquifer. Water Resour. Res. 2000, 36(5):1289-1299.
76. Keegan W.F. Columbus was a cannibal: myth and the first encounters. The Lesser Antilles in the age of European Expansion 1996, 17-32. University Press of Florida, Gainesville. R.L. Paquette, S.L. Engerman (Eds.).
77. Keegan W.F. Islands of Chaos. BAR International Series 2004, vol. 1273:33-46. Archaeo press, Oxford. A. Delpuech, C.L. Hofman (Eds.).
78. Kennedy M.J., Chadwick O.A., Vitousek P.M., Derry L.A., Hendricks D.M. Changing sources of base cations during ecosystem development, Hawaiian Islands. Geology 1998, 26(11):1015-1018.
79. Kirch P.V. Long-distance exchange and Island colonization: the lapita case. Norwegian Archaeol. Rev. 1988, 21(2):103-117.
80. Kirsanow K., Tuross N. Oxygen and hydrogen isotopes in rodent tissues: impact of diet, water and ontogeny. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 2011, 310(1-2):9-16.
81. Knippenberg, S., 2006. Stone Artefact Production and Exchange among the Lesser Antilles. Archaeological Studies Leiden University 13. PhD Dissertation. Leiden University Press, Leiden.
82. Knudson K.J. Oxygen isotope analysis in a land of environmental extremes: the complexities of isotopic work in the Andes. Int. J. Osteoarchaeol. 2009, 19(2):171-191.
83. Knudson K.J., Williams S.R., Osborn R., Forgey K., Williams P.R. The geographic origins of Nazca trophy heads using strontium, oxygen, and carbon isotope data. J. Anthropol. Archaeol. 2009, 28:244-257.
84. 86Sr analysis in archaeology: a demonstration of the utility of strontium isotope fractionation in paleodietary studies. J. Archaeol. Sci. 2010, 37(9):2352-2364.
85. 18O: accounting for diet and physiological adaptation. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1996, 60(23):4811-4829.
86. Kohn M.J., Schoeninger M.J., Valley J.W. Herbivore tooth oxygen isotope compositions: effects of diet and physiology. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1996, 60(20):3889-3896.
87. Kroonenberg S.B., de Roever E.W.F. Geological evolution of the amazonian craton. Amazonia, Landscape and Species Evolution 2009, Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford. M.C. Hoorn, H.B. Vonhof, F.P. Wesselingh (Eds.).
88. Lachniet M.S., Patterson W.P. Stable isotope values of Costa Rican surface waters. J. Hydrol. 2002, 260(1-4):135-150.
89. Lachniet M.S., Patterson W.P. Use of correlation and stepwise regression to evaluate physical controls on the stable isotope values of Panamanian rain and surface waters. J. Hydrol. 2006, 324(1):115-140.
90. Lachniet M.S., Patterson W.P. Oxygen isotope values of precipitation and surface waters in northern Central America (Belize and Guatemala) are dominated by temperature and amount effects. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2009, 284(3):435-446.
91. 18O gradients. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2007, 34(1):L01708.
92. Laffoon, J.E., 2012. Patterns of Paleomobility in the Ancient Antilles: An Isotopic Approach. PhD Dissertation, Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University, Leiden.
93. Laffoon J.E. Paleomobility research in Caribbean contexts: new perspectives from isotope analysis. The Oxford Handbook of Caribbean Archaeology 2013, 418-435. Oxford University Press, Oxford. W.F. Keegan, C.L. Hofman, R. Rodríguez Ramos (Eds.).
94. 86Sr) in an archipelagic setting: a case study from the Caribbean. J. Archaeol. Sci. 2012, 39(7):2371-2384.
95. Laffoon J.E., Plomp E., Davies G.R., Hoogland M.L.P., Hofman C.L. The movement and exchange of dogs in the Prehistoric Caribbean: an isotopic investigation. Int. J. Osteoarchaeol. 2013, 10.1002/oa.2313.
96. Laffoon J.E., Valcárcel Rojas R., Hofman C.L. Oxygen and carbon isotope analysis of human dental enamel from the Caribbean: implications for investigating individual origins. Archaeometry 2013, 55(4):742-765.
97. Lee-Thorp J.A., Sponheimer M. Three case studies used to reassess the reliability of fossil bone and enamel isotope signals for paleodietary studies. J. Anthropol. Archaeol. 2003, 22:208-216.
98. Levinson A.A., Luz B., Kolodny Y. Variations in oxygen isotopic compositions of human teeth and urinary stones. Appl. Geochem. 1987, 2:367-371.
99. Longinelli A. Oxygen isotopes in mammal bone phosphate: a new tool for paleohydrological and paleoclimatological research?. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1984, 48:385-390.
100. Luz B., Kolodny Y. Oxygen isotope variations in phosphate of biogenic apatites, IV. Mammal teeth and bones. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1985, 75(1):29-36.
101. Luz B., Kolodny Y., Horowitz M. Fractionation of oxygen isotopes between mammalian bone-phosphate and environmental drinking water. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1984, 48:1689-1693.
102. 18O a sound diagenetic test?. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 2008, 266:183-189.
103. Martinón-Torres M., Valcárcel Rojas R., Cooper J., Rehren T. Metals, microanalysis and meaning: a study of metal objects excavated from the indigenous cemetery of El Chorro de Maíta, Cuba. J. Archaeol. Sci. 2007, 34:194-204.
104. Masseti M. Anthropochorous mammals of the Old World in the West Indies. Mammalia 2011, 75(2):113-142.
105. Meniketti M. Preliminary comparative pXRF analyses of indigenous saladoid wares and colonoware from Nevis, West Indies. Caribbean Connect. 2011, 1(1).
106. Millard A.R., Schroeder H. 'True British sailors': a comment on the origin of the men of the Mary Rose. J. Archaeol. Sci. 2010, 37:680-682.
107. Mol, A.A.A., 2007. Costly Giving, Giving Guaízas: Towards an Organic Model of the Exchange of Social Valuables in the Late Ceramic Age Caribbean Masters Thesis. Sidestone Press, Leiden.
108. Müller W., Fricke H., Halliday A.N., McCulloch M.T., Wartho J.-A. Origin and migration of the alpine iceman. Science 2003, 302(5646):862-866.
109. Narganes Storde, Y.M., 1985. Restos Faunisticos Vertebrados de Sorcé, Vieques, Puerto Rico. In: Allaire, L., Mayer, F.M. (Eds.), Proceedings of the Xth Congress for the Study of the pre-Columbian Cultures of the Lesser Antilles. Université de Montreal, Centre de Recherches Caraibes, Montreal, pp. 251-264.
110. Narganes Storde, Y.M., 2005. Pendientes Antillanos, Animales Suramericanos. In: Tavárez María, C., García Arévalo, M.A. (Eds.), Proceedings of the XXth International Congress for Caribbean Archaeology. Museo del Hombre Dominicano and Fundación García Arévalo, Santo Domingo, pp. 213-220.
111. Chanlatte Baik Y.M., Narganes Storde L.A. Cultura La Hueca 2005, Museo de Historia, Antropología y Arte, Universidad de Puerto Rico, Río Piedras.
112. Newsom L.A., Wing E.S. On land and Sea: Native American Uses of Biological Resources in the West Indies 2004, University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa.
113. Oliver J.R. The "La Hueca" Problem in Puerto Rico and the Caribbean: Old Problems, New Perspectives, Possible Solutions. Archaeological Investigations on St. Martin, Lesser Antilles, Archaeological Studies Leiden University 1999, vol. 4:253-297. Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
114. Oliver J.R. Caciques and Cemí Idols: The Web Spun by Taino Rulers Between Hispaniola and Puerto Rico 2009, University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa.
115. Passey B.H., Cerling T.E., Perkins M.E., Voorhies M.R., Harris J.M., Tucker S.T. Environmental change in the Great Plains: an isotopic record from fossil horses. J. Geol. 2002, 110(2):123-140.
116. Pavia J.A., Marsaglia K.M., Fitzpatrick S.M. Petrography and provenance of sand temper within ceramic sherds from Carriacou, Southern Grenadines, West Indies. Geoarchaeology 2013, 28(5):450-477.
117. c relationship in enamel increments. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 2011, 310(1-2):71-83.
118. Pestle, W.J., 2010. Diet and Society in Prehistoric Puerto Rico. PhD Dissertation, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago.
119. 86Sr variability in Puerto Rico: geological complexity and the study of paleomobility. J. Archaeol. Sci. 2013, 40(5):2561-2569.
120. Pett-Ridge J.C., Derry L.A., Kurtz A.C. Sr isotopes as a tracer of weathering processes and dust inputs in a tropical granitoid watershed, Luquillo Mountains, Puerto Rico. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 2009, 73:25-43.
121. 2, hair, and enamel of a small mammal. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 2008, 72(1):19-35.
122. w to determine human mobility. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 2011, 145:499-504.
123. Poszwa A., Dambrine E., Ferry B., Pollier B., Loubet M. Do deep tree roots provide nutrients to the tropical rainforest?. Biogeochemistry 2002, 60:97-118.
124. Price T.D., Gestsdóttir H. The first settlers of Iceland: an isotopic approach to colonization. Antiquity 2006, 80(307):13-144.
125. Price T.D., Manzanilla L., Middleton W.D. Immigration and the Ancient City of Teotihuacan in Mexico: a Study Using Strontium Isotope Ratios in Human Bone and Teeth. J. Archaeol. Sci. 2000, 27:903-913.
126. Price T.D., Burton J.H., Bentley R.A. The characterization of biologically available strontium isotope ratios for the study of prehistoric migration. Archaeometry 2002, 44:117-135.
127. Price T.D., Tiesler V., Burton J.H. Early African Diaspora in Colonial Campeche, Mexico: Strontium Isotopic Evidence. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 2006, 130(4):485-490.
128. Price T.D., Burton J.H., Wright L.E., White C.D., Longstaffe F. Victims of sacrifice: isotopic evidence for place of origin. New Perspectives on Human Sacrifice and Ritual Body Treatments in Ancient Maya Society 2007, 263-292. Springer, New York.
129. Price T.D., Burton J.H., Fullagar P.D., Wright L.E., Buikstra J.E., Tiesler V. Strontium isotopes and the study of human mobility in ancient mesoamerica. Latin Am. Antiquity 2008, 19(2):167-180.
130. Price T.D., Burton J.H., Sharer R.J., Buikstra J.E., Wright L.E., Traxler L.P., Miller K.A. Kings and commoners at Copan: isotopic evidence for origins and movement in the Classic Maya period. J. Anthropol. Archaeol. 2010, 29(1):15-32.
131. Price T.D., Burton J.H., Cucina A., Zabala P., Frei R., Tykot R.H., Tiesler V. Isotopic studies of human skeletal remains from a sixteenth to seventeenth century ad churchyard in Campeche, Mexico: Diet, Place of Origin, and Age. Current Anthropol. 2012, 53(4):396-433.
132. Rodríguez López, M., 1991. Arqueologia de Punta Candelero, Puerto Rico. In: Ayubi, E.N., Haviser, J.B., Proceedings of the XIIIth Congress of the International Association for Caribbean Archaeology, vol. 2. The Archaeological-Anthropological Institute of the Netherlands Antilles, Willemstad, Curacao, pp. 605-627.
133. Rodríguez López, M., 1993. Early trade networks in the Caribbean: the case of Punta Candelero, Puerto Rico. In: Cummins, A., King, P. (Eds.), Proceedings of the XIVth Congress of the International Association for Caribbean Archaeology. Barbados Museum and Historical Society, Barbados, pp. 306-314.
134. Rodríguez Ramos R. Rethinking Puerto Rican Precolonial History 2010, University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa.
135. Rodríguez Ramos R. Close Encounters of the Caribbean Kind. Islands at the Crossroads: Migration, Seafaring, and Interaction in the Caribbean 2011, 164-192. University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa. L.A. Curet, M.W. Hauser (Eds.).
136. Rodríguez Ramos R. Isthmo-Antillean Engagements. The Oxford Handbook of Caribbean Archaeology 2013, 155-170. Oxford University Press, Oxford. W.F. Keegan, C.L. Hofman, R. Rodríguez Ramos (Eds.).
137. Rodríguez Ramos R., Pagán Jimenez J.R. Interacciones Multivectoriales en el Circum-Caribe Precolonial: Un Vistazo Desde Las Antillas. Caribbean Stud. 2006, 34(2):103-143.
138. Rouse I. The Arawak. Bulletin of the Bureau of American Ethnography 1948, vol. 4:50-96. Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C. J.H. Steward (Ed.).
139. Rouse I. Prehistory of the West Indies. Science 1964, 144(3618):499-513.
140. Rouse, I., 1983. Diffusion and Interaction in the Orinoco Valley, Venezuela, and on the Coast. In: Proceedings of the 9th International Congress for the Study of the Pre-Columbian Cultures of the Lesser Antilles. Montreal: University of Montreal, Centre de Recherches Caraibes, pp. 3-13.
141. Rouse I. Migrations in Prehistory: Inferring Population Movement from Cultural Remains 1986, Yale University Press, New Haven.
142. Rouse I. The Tainos: Rise and Decline of the People Who Greeted Columbus 1992, Yale University Press, New Haven.
143. Rouse I., Cruxent J.M. Venezuelan archaeology. Caribbean series, 6. 1963, Yale University Press, New Haven.
144. Rozanski K., Araguás-Araguás L., Gonfiantini R. Isotopic patterns in modern global precipitation. Geophys. Monogr. Ser. 1993, 78:1-36.
145. Schertl H.-P., Maresch W.V., Stanek K.P., Hertwig A., Krebs M., Baese R., Sergeev S.S. New occurrences of jadeitite, jadeite quartzite and jadeite-lawsonite quartzite in the Dominican Republic, Hispaniola: petrological and geochronological overview. Eur. J. Mineral. 2012, 24(2):199-216.
146. Schoeninger M.J., Kohn M.J., Valley J.W. Tooth Oxygen Isotope Ratios As Paleoclimate Monitors In Arid Ecosystems. Advances in Archaeological and Museum Science 2002, vol. 5:117-140. Springer, US. S. Ambrose, M.A. Katzenberg (Eds.).
147. Schroeder H., O'Connell T.C., Evans J.A., Shuler K.A., Hedges R.E.M. Trans-Atlantic Slavery: isotopic evidence for forced migration to barbados. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 2009, 139:547-557.
148. Siegel P.E. Migration research in saladoid archaeology: a review. Florida Anthropol. 1991, 44(1):79-91.
149. Somerville A.D., Nelson B.A., Knudson K.J. Isotopic investigation of pre-Hispanic macaw breeding in Northwest Mexico. J. Anthropol. Archaeol. 2010, 29(1):125-135.
150. Sponheimer M., Lee-Thorp J.A. Oxygen isotopes in enamel carbonate and their ecological significance. J. Archaeol. Sci. 1999, 26:723-728.
151. Steadman D.W., Jones S. Long-term trends in prehistoric fishing and hunting on Tobago, West Indies. Latin Am. Antiquity 2006, 17:316-334.
152. Stuart-Williams H.L.Q., Schwarcz H.P., White C.D., Spence M.W. The isotopic composition and diagenesis of human bone from Teotihuacan and Oaxaca, Mexico. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 1996, 126(1-2):1-14.
153. 2H in precipitation: improved prediction using regionalized climatic regression models. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss. 2013, 10:7351-7393.
154. 86Sr) analysis. J. Archaeol. Sci. 2011, 38:3254-3263.
155. 86Sr analysis of archaeological human skeletal tissue. Appl. Geochem. 2003, 18:653-658.
156. Turner B.L., Kamenov G.D., Kingston J.D., Armelagos G.J. Insights into immigration and social class at Machu Picchu, Peru based on oxygen, strontium, and lead isotopic analysis. J. Archaeol. Sci. 2009, 36:317-332.
157. Valcárcel Rojas R., Martinón Torres M. Metals in the Indigenous Societies of the Insular Caribbean. The Oxford handbook of Caribbean Archaeology 2013, 504-522. Oxford University Press, Oxford. W.F. Keegan, C.L. Hofman, R. Rodríguez Ramos (Eds.).
158. Van Breukelen M.R., Vonhof H.B., Hellstrom J.C., Wester W.C.G., Kroon D. Fossil dripwater in stalagmites reveals Holocene temperature and rainfall variation in Amazonia. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2008, 275(1):54-60.
159. Vitousek P.M., Kennedy M.J., Derry L.A., Chadwick O.A. Weathering versus atmospheric sources of strontium in ecosystems on young volcanic soils. Oecologia 1999, 121:255-259.
160. Wang Y., Kromhout E., Zhang C., Xu Y., Parker W., Deng T., Qiu Z. Stable isotopic variations in modern herbivore tooth enamel, plants and water on the Tibetan Plateau: Implications for paleoclimate and paleoelevation reconstructions. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 2008, 260(3):359-374.
161. Warinner, C., 2010. Life and Death at Teposcolula Yucundaa: Mortuary, Archaeogenetic, and Isotopic Investigations of the Early Colonial Period in Mexico. PhD Dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Harvard University.
162. Warinner C., Robles García N., Spores R., Tuross N. Disease, Demography, and Diet in Early Colonial New Spain: Investigation of a Sixteenth-Century Mixtec Cemetery at Teposcolula Yucundaa. Latin Am. Antiquity 2012, 23(4):467-489.
163. Watters D.R. Relating oceanography to antillean archaeology: implications from Oceania. J. New World Archaeol. 1982, 5(2):3-12.
164. Watters D.R., Scaglion R. Beads and pendants from Trants, Montserrat: implications for the prehistoric lapidary industry of the Caribbean. Ann. Carnegie Mus. 1994, 63(3):215-237.
165. Whipkey C.E., Capo R.C., Chadwick O.A., Stewart B.W. The importance of sea spray to the cation budget of a coastal Hawaiian soil: a strontium isotope approach. Chem. Geol. 2000, 168:37-48.
166. White C.D., Spence M.W., Stuart-Williams H.L.Q., Schwarcz H.P. Oxygen isotopes and the identification of geographic origins: the valley of Oaxaca versus the Valley of Mexico. J. Archaeol. Sci. 1998, 25:643-655.
167. White C.D., Spence M.W., Longstaffe F.J., Law K.R. Testing the Nature of Teotihuacán Imperialism at Kaminaljuyú Using Phosphate Oxygen-Isotope Ratios. J. Anthropol. Res. 2000, 56(4):535-558.
168. White C.D., Pohl M.E.D., Schwarcz H.P., Longstaffe F.J. Isotopic evidence for may a patterns of deer and dog use at Preclassic Colha. J. Archaeol. Sci. 2001, 28(1):89-107.
169. White C.D., Spence M.W., Longstaffe F.J., Stuart-Williams H.L.Q., Law K.R. Geographic identities of the sacrificial victims from the feathered serpent Pyramid, Teotihuacan: implications for the nature of state power. Latin Am. Antiquity 2002, 13(2):217-236.
170. White C.D., Spence M.W., Longstaffe F.J., Law K.R. Demography and ethnic continuity in the tlailotlacan enclave of teotihuacan: the evidence from stable oxygen isotopes. J. Anthropol. Archaeol. 2004, 23:385-403.
171. White C.D., Price T.D., Longstaffe F.J. Residential histories of the human sacrifices at the Moon Pyramid, Teotihuacan: evidence from oxygen and strontium isotopes. Ancient Mesoamerica 2007, 18:159-172.
172. Wing, E.S., 1968. Aboriginal Fishing in the Windward Islands. In: Proceedings of the 2nd International Congress for the Study of Pre-Columbian Cultures in the Lesser Antilles. Barbados Museum, Barbados, pp. 103-107.
173. Wing E.S. Native American Use of Animals in the Caribbean. Biogeography of the West Indies: Patterns and Perspectives 2001, 481-518. CRC Press, Boca Raton. 2nd ed. C.A. Woods, F.E. Sergile (Eds.).
174. Wing E.S., Reitz E.J. Prehistoric fishing economies of the Caribbean. J. New World Archaeol. 1982, 5:13-32.
175. Biogeography of the West Indies: Patterns and Perspectives 2001, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida. 2nd ed. C.A. Woods, F.E. Sergile (Eds.).
176. Wright L.E. Identifying immigrants to Tikal, Guatemala: Defining local variability in strontium isotope ratios of human tooth enamel. J. Archaeol. Sci. 2005, 32:555-566.
177. Wright L.E., Valdés J.A., Burton J.H., Price T.D., Schwarcz H.P. The children of Kaminaljuyu: Isotopic insight into diet and long distance interaction in Mesoamerica. J. Anthropol. Archaeol. 2010, 29(2):155-178.
178. Zazzo A., Lecuyer C., Mariotti A. Experimentally-controlled carbon and oxygen isotope exchange between bioapatites and water under inorganic and microbially-mediated conditions. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 2004, 68(1):1-12.