Introducing δ88/86Sr analysis in archaeology: A demonstration of the utility of strontium isotope fractionation in paleodietary studies

Journal of Archaeological Science

Volumn 37, Issue 9, 2010, Pages 2352-2364

  Knudson, Kelly J ^a   Williams, Hope M ^a   Buikstra, Jane E ^a   Tomczak, Paula D ^b   Gordon, Gwyneth W ^c   Anbar, Ariel D ^c  

^a ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b BENEDICTINE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Andes; Biogeochemistry; Bone chemistry; Chiribaya; Radiogenic strontium; South America; Stable strontium; Trophic level

Indexed keywords

ARCHAEOLOGY; BIOGEOCHEMISTRY; BONE; ENAMEL; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; STRONTIUM ISOTOPE;

ANDES;

EID: 77954242598     PISSN: 03054403     EISSN: 10959238     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2010.04.009     Document Type: Article

References (152)

1. Åberg G. The use of natural strontium isotopes as tracers in environmental studies. Water Air Soil Pollut. 1995, 79:309-322.
2. Almeida C.M., Vaconcelos M.T.S.D. ICP-MS determination of strontium isotope ratio in wine in order to be used as a fingerprint of its regional origin. Royal Soc. Chem. 2001, 16:607-611.
3. Ambrose S.H. Effects of diet, climate and physiology on nitrogen isotope abundances in terrestrial foodwebs. J. Archaeol. Sci. 1991, 18:293-317.
4. Ambrose S.H., DeNiro M.J. Bone nitrogen isotope composition and climate. Nature 1987, 325:201.
5. Arnay-de-la-Rosa M., Gámez-Mendoza A., Navarro-Mederos J.F., Hernández-Marrero J.C., Fregel R., Yanes Y., Galindo-Martín L., Romanek C.S., González-Reimers E. Dietary patterns during the early prehispanic settlement in La Gomera (Canary Islands). J. Archaeol. Sci. 2009, 36:1972-1981.
6. Arnay-de-la-Rosa M., González-Reimers E., Gámez-Mendoza A., Galindo-Martín L. The Ba/Sr ratio, carious lesions, and dental calculus among the population buried in the Church La Concepción (Tenerife, Canary Islands). J. Archaeol. Sci. 2009, 36:351-358.
7. Bendrey R., Hayes T.E., Palmer M.R. Patterns of Iron Age horse supply: an analysis of strontium isotope ratios in teeth. Archaeometry 2009, 51:140-150.
8. Bentley R.A. Strontium isotopes from the earth to the archaeological skeleton: a review. J. Archaeol. Method Theory 2006, 13:135-187.
9. Bentley R.A., Buckley H.R., Spriggs M., Bedford S., Ottley C.J., Nowell G.M., Macpherson C.G., Pearson D.G. Lapita migrants in the Pacific's oldest cemetery: isotopic analysis at Teouma, Vanuatu. Am. Antiq. 2007, 72:645-656.
10. Blom D.E., Lozada Cerna M., Hallgrimsson B. Diversidad interna en Tiwanaku y Chiribaya: Estructuras sociopolíticas serranas y costeras. Tiwanaku: Aproximaciones a sus contextos históricos y sociales. Colección Estudios Regionales, Santiago, Chile 2004, 165-178. M. Rivera, A. Kolata (Eds.).
11. Blum J.D., Taliaferro E.H., Holmes R.T. Determining the sources of calcium for migratory songbirds using stable strontium isotopes. Oecologia 2001, 126:569.
12. 86Sr ratios between trophic levels in two forest ecosystems in the Northeastern USA. Biogeochemistry 2000, 49:87-101.
13. Britton K., Grimes V., Dau J., Richards M.P. Reconstructing faunal migrations using intra-tooth sampling and strontium and oxygen isotope analyses: a case study of modern caribou (Rangifer tarandus granti). J. Archaeol. Sci. 2009, 36:1163-1172.
14. Bryant J.D., Froelich P.N. A model of oxygen isotope fractionation in body water of large mammals. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1995, 59:4523-4537.
15. Budd P., Montgomery J., Barreiro B., Thomas R.G. Differential diagenesis of strontium in archaeological human dental tissues. Appl. Geochem. 2000, 15:687-694.
16. Buikstra J.E. Tombs for the living or for the dead: the Osmore ancestors. Tombs for the Living: Andean Mortuary Practices 1995, 229-279. Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, D.C. T. Dillehay (Ed.).
17. Buikstra J.E. Los cementerios de Chiribaya y Estuquiña. Moquegua: Los primeros doce mil años 1998, 91-101. Policrom, Arequipa, Peru. K. Wise (Ed.).
18. Buikstra J.E., Tomczak P., Lozada Cerna M.C., Rakita G.F.M. Chiribaya political economy: a bioarchaeological perspective. Interacting with the Dead: Perspectives on Mortuary Archaeology for the New Millennium 2005, 66-80. University Press of Florida, Gainesville, FL. G.F.M. Rakita, J.E. Buikstra, L.A. Beck, S. Williams (Eds.).
19. Burgess, S.D., 1999. Chiribayan skeletal pathology on the South Coast of Peru: patterns of production and consumption. Doctoral dissertation, University of Chicago, Chicago.
20. Burton J.H. Trace elements in bone as paleodietary indicators. Archaeological Chemistry 1996, 327-333. American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C. M.V. Orna (Ed.).
21. Burton J.H., Price T.D. The ratio of barium to strontium as a paleodietary indicator of consumption of marine resources. J. Archeol. Sci. 1990, 17:547-557.
22. Burton J.H., Price T.D. The use and abuse of trace elements for paleodietary research. Biogeochemical Approaches to Paleodietary Analysis 2000, 159-171. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York. S.A. Ambrose, M.A. Katzenberg (Eds.).
23. Capo R.C., Stewart B.W., Chadwick O.A. Strontium isotopes as tracers of ecosystem processes: theory and methods. Geoderma 1998, 82:197-225.
24. Carr T.E.F., Harrison G.E., Loutit J.F., Sutton A. Movement of strontium in the human body. Brit. Med. J. 1962, 2:773-775.
25. Cartmell L.W., Aufderheide A.C., Springfield A., Weems C., Arriaza B. The frequency and antiquity of prehistoric coca-leaf-chewing practices in Northern Chile: radioimmunoassay of a cocaine metabolite in human-mummy hair. Lat. Amer. Antiq. 1999, 2:260-268.
26. Chisholm B.S., Nelson D.E., Schwarcz H.P. Stable-carbon isotope ratios as a measure of marine versus terrestrial protein in ancient diets. Science 1982, 216:1131-1132.
27. Christensen G.J., Kraus B.S. Initial calcification of the human permanent first molar. J. Dent. Res. 1965, 44:1338-1342.
28. Comar C.L., Russell R.S., Wasserman R.H. Strontium-calcium movement from soil to man. Science 1957, 126:485-492.
29. Coplen T.B. Reporting of stable hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen isotope abundances. Pure Appl. Chem. 1994, 66:271-276.
30. Craig H. Standard for reporting concentrations of deuterium and oxygen-18 in natural waters. Science 1961, 133:1833-1834.
31. de Souza G.F., Reynolds B.C., Kiczka M., Bourdon B. Evidence for mass-dependent isotopic fractionation of strontium in a glaciated granitic watershed. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 2010, 74:2596-2614.
32. Dehairs F., Chesselet R., Jedwab J. Discrete suspended particles of barite and the barium cycle in the open ocean. Earth Planet Sci. Lett. 1980, 49:528-550.
33. DeNiro M.J., Epstein S. Influence of diet on the distribution of carbon isotopes in animals. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1978, 25:495-506.
34. DeNiro M.J., Epstein S. Influence of diet on the distribution of nitrogen isotopes in animals. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1981, 45:341-351.
35. Dickin A.P. Radiogenic Isotope Geology 1997, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
36. Dufour E., Holmden C., Neer W.V., Zazzo A., Patterson W.P., Degryse P., Keppens E. Oxygen and strontium isotopes as provenance indicators of fish at archaeological sites: the case study of Sagalassos, SW Turkey. J. Archaeol. Sci. 2007, 34:1226-1239.
37. Dupras T.L., Schwarcz H.P., Fairgrieve S.I. Infant feeding and weaning practices in Roman Egypt. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 2001, 115:204-212.
38. Dupras T.L., Tocheri M.W. Reconstructing infant weaning histories at Roman period Kellis, Egypt using stable isotope analysis of dentition. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 2007, 134:63-74.
39. Edward J.B., Benfer R.A. The effects of diagenesis on the Paloma skeletal material. Investigations of Ancient Human Tissue: Chemical Analyses in Anthropology 1993, 183-268. Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, New York. M.K. Sandford (Ed.).
40. Ehrlich S., Ben-Dor L., Halicz L. Precise isotope ratio measurement by multicollector-ICP-MS without matrix separation. Canad. J. Anal. Sci. Spectrosc. 2004, 49:136-147.
41. 86Sr isotope ratio in natural water, carbonates and related materials by multiple collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS). J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 2001, 16:1389-1392.
42. English N.B., Betancourt J.L., Dean J.S., Quade J. Strontium isotopes reveal distant sources of architectural timber in Chaco Canyon, Mexico. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2001, 98:11891-11896.
43. Ericson J.E. Strontium isotope characterization in the study of prehistoric human ecology. J. Hum. Evol. 1985, 14:503-514.
44. Ericson J.E. Some problems and potentials of strontium isotope analysis for human and animal ecology. Stable Isotopes in Ecological Research 1989, 254-269. Springer-Verlag, New York. P.W. Rundel, J.R. Ehleringer, K.A. Nagy (Eds.).
45. Ezzo J.A. A test of diet versus diagenesis at Ventana Cave, Arizona. J. Archaeol. Sci. 1992, 19:23-37.
46. Faure G. Principles of Isotope Geology 1986, John Wiley, New York.
47. Faure G. Principles and Applications of Inorganic Geochemistry 1991, Macmillan Publishing Company, New York.
48. Fernández J., Panarello H.O., Schobinger J. The Inka Mummy from Mount Aconcagua: decoding the geographic origin of the " Messenger to the Deities" by means of stable carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur isotope analysis. Geoarchaeology 1999, 14:27-46.
49. 86Sr) fractionation via bracketing standard MC-ICP-MS. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 2006, 7:1-6.
50. Finucane B. Mummies, maize, and manure: multi-tissue stable isotope analysis of Late Prehistoric human remains from the Ayacucho Valley, Peru. J. Archaeol. Sci. 2007, 34:2115-2124.
51. Frei K.M., Frei R., Mannering U., Gleba M., Nosch M.L., Lyngstrom H. Provenance of ancient textiles: a pilot study evaluating the strontium isotope system in wool. Archaeometry 2009, 51:252-276.
52. Fry B. Stable Isotope Ecology 2007, Springer, New York.
53. Fuller B.T., Fuller J.L., Harris D.A., Hedges R.E.M. Detection of breastfeeding and weaning in modern human infants with carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 2006, 129:279-293.
54. Giblin J.I. Strontium isotope analysis of Neolithic and Copper Age populations on the Great Hungarian plain. J. Archaeol. Sci. 2009, 36:491-497.
55. Gleiser I., Hunt E.E. The permanent mandibular first molar: its calcification, eruption, and decay. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 1955, 13:253-281.
56. Gniadecka M., Edwards H.G.M., Hansen J.P.H., Nielsen O.F., Christensen D.H., Guillen S.E., Wulf H.C. Near-infrared Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy of the mummified skin of the Alpine Iceman, Qilakitsoq Greenland Mummies, and Chiribaya Mummies from Peru. J. Raman Spectrosc. 1999, 30:147-153.
57. Gong J.K., Burgess E., Bacalao P. Accretion and exchange of strontium 85 in trabecular bone. Radiat. Res. 1966, 28:753-768.
58. Gordon, G.W., Williams, H.M., Arrua, C.R., Knudson, K.J., Skulan, J., Anbar, A.D. High-precision measurement of Sr isotopes using MC-ICP-MS in chemically-processed samples. J. Anal. At. Spectrom., in preparation.
59. 86Sr ratios measure the sources and flow of strontium in terrestrial ecosystems. Stable Isotopes in Ecological Research 1989, Springer-Verlag, New York. R.W. Rundel, J.R. Ehleringer, K.A. Nagy (Eds.).
60. Grove M.J., Baker P.A., Cross S.L., Rigsby C.A., Seltzer G.O. Application of strontium isotopes to understanding the hydrology and paleohydrology of the Altiplano, Bolivia-Peru. Paleogeogr. Paleoclim. Paleoecol. 2003, 194:281-297.
61. Halicz L., Segal I., Fruchter N., Stein M., Lazar B. Strontium stable isotopes fractionate in the soil environments?. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2008, 272:406-411.
62. Harris E.F. Mineralization of the mandibular third molar: a study of American Blacks and Whites. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 2007, 132:98-109.
63. Hawkesworth C.J., Hammill M., Gledhill A.R., van Calsteren P., Rogers G. Isotope and trace element evidence for late-stage intra-crustal melting in the High Andes. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1982, 58:240-254.
64. Herring D.A., Saunders S.R., Katzenberg M.A. Investigating the weaning process in past populations. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 1998, 105:425-439.
65. Hillson S. Teeth 1986, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
66. Hillson S. Dental Anthropology 1996, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
67. Hobson K.A., Wassenaar L.I. Linking breeding and wintering grounds of neotropical migrant songbirds using stable hydrogen isotopic analysis of feathers. Oecologia 1996, 109:142-148.
68. Hoppe K., Koch P.L., Carlson R.W., Webb S.D. Tracking mammoths and mastodons: reconstruction of migratory behavior using strontium isotope ratios. Geology 1999, 27:439-442.
69. Horwitz E.P., Chiarizia R., Dietz M.L. A novel strontium-selective extraction chromatographic resin. Solvent Extract. Ion Exchange 1992, 10:323-336.
70. Indriati E., Buikstra J.E. Coca chewing in prehistoric coastal Peru: dental evidence. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 2001, 11:242-257.
71. James D.E. A combined O, Sr, Nd, and Pb isotopic and trace element study of crustal contamination in Central Andean lavas, I. local geochemical variations. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1982, 57:47-62.
72. Jessup D. Rescate arqueológico en el museo de sitio de San Gerónimo. Ilo 1990, 3:150-165.
73. Katzenberg M.A. Stable isotope analysis: a tool for studying past diet, demography and life history. Biological Anthropology of the Human Skeleton 2000, 305-328. Wiley-Liss, New York. M.A. Katzenberg, S.R. Saunders (Eds.).
74. Katzenberg M.A., Harrison R.G. What's in a bone? Recent advances in archaeological bone chemistry. J. Archaeol. Res. 1997, 5:265-293.
75. Kellner C.M., Schoeninger M.J. Wari's imperial influence on local Nasca diet: the stable isotope evidence. J. Anthropol. Archaeol. 2008, 27:226-243.
76. Knudson, K.J., 2004. Tiwanaku residential mobility in the South Central Andes: identifying archaeological human migration through strontium isotope analysis. Doctoral dissertation, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison.
77. Knudson K.J. Tiwanaku influence in the South Central Andes: strontium isotope analysis and Middle Horizon migration. Lat. Amer. Antiq. 2008, 19:3-23.
78. Knudson K.J. Oxygen isotope analysis in a land of environmental extremes: the complexities of isotopic work in the Andes. Int. J. Osteoarchaeol. 2009, 19:171-191.
79. Knudson K.J., Aufderheide A.E., Buikstra J.E. Seasonality and paleodiet in the Chiribaya polity of Southern Peru. J. Archaeol. Sci. 2007, 34:451-462.
80. Knudson K.J., Buikstra J.E. Residential mobility and resource use in the Chiribaya polity of Southern Peru: strontium isotope analysis of archaeological tooth enamel and bone. Int. J. Osteoarchaeol. 2007, 17:563-580.
81. Knudson K.J., Price T.D. Utility of multiple chemical techniques in archaeological residential mobility studies: case studies from Tiwanaku- and Chiribaya-affiliated sites in the Andes. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 2007, 132:25-39.
82. Knudson K.J., Torres-Rouff C. Investigating cultural heterogeneity in San Pedro de Atacama, Northern Chile through biogeochemistry and bioarchaeology. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 2009, 138:473-485.
83. Knudson K.J., Williams S.R., Osborne R., Forgey K., Williams P.R. The geographic origins of Nasca trophy heads in the Kroeber collection using strontium, oxygen, and carbon isotope data. J. Anthropol. Archaeol. 2009, 28:244-257.
84. 84Sr double Spike. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 2009, 24:1267-1271.
85. Kulp J.L., Schulert A.R. Strontium-90 in man V. Science 1962, 136:619-632.
86. Lee, C.C., 1959. Distribution of radioactivity in wheat plants grown in the presence of strontium-90. 129, 1280.
87. Lozada Cerna, M.C., 1998. The Señorio of Chiribaya: a bioarchaeological study in the Osmore drainage of Southern Peru. Doctoral dissertation, University of Chicago, Chicago.
88. Lozada Cerna M.C., Buikstra J.E. El señorío de Chiribaya en la costa sur del Perú 2002, Instituto de Estudios Peruanos, Lima.
89. Lozada Cerna M.C., Buikstra J.E. Pescadores and Labradores among the señorío of Chiribaya in Southern Peru. Us and Them: Archaeology and Ethnicity in the Andes 2005, 206-226. The Cotsen Institute of Archaeology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles. R.M. Reycraft (Ed.).
90. Lozada Cerna, M.C., Torres Pino, E., Carpio, G., n.d. Informe del campo: Chiribaya Baja.
91. Martinson, E., Reinhard, K., Buikstra, J.E., Dittmar de la Cruz, K., 2002. The pathoecology of Chiribaya parasitism. 98, 195-205.
92. Mauchline J., Templeton W.L. Strontium, calcium and barium in marine organisms from the Irish Sea. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 1966, 30:161-170.
93. Montgomery J., Evans J.A., Powlesland D., Roberts C.A. Continuity or colonization in Anglo-Saxon England? Isotope evidence for mobility, subsistence practice, and status at West Heslerton. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 2005, 126:123-138.
94. Mujica Barreda E. Un fardo de la cultura Chiribaya. Gaceta Arqueología Andina V 1990, 131-135.
95. Nelson B.K., DeNiro M.J., Schoeninger M.J., DePaolo D.J., Hare P.E. Effects of diagenesis on strontium, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen concentration and isotopic concentration of bone. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1986, 50:1941-1949.
96. 3. J. Archaeol. Sci. 2000, 27:1151-1159.
97. Ohno T., Hirata T. Simultaneous determination of mass-dependent isotopic fractionation and radiogenic isotope variation of strontium in geochemical samples by multiple collector-ICP-mass spectrometry. Anal. Sci. 2007, 23:1275-1280.
98. Olze A., van Niekerk P., Schmidt S., Wernecke K.-D., Rosing F.W., Geserick G., Schumeling A. Studies on the progress of third-molar mineralisation in a Black African population. HOMO 2006, 57:209-217.
99. Owen, B., 1993. A model of multiethnicity: state collapse, competition, and social complexity from Tiwanaku to Chiribaya in the Osmore Valley, Peru. Doctoral dissertation, University of Los Angeles, Los Angeles.
100. Owen B. Chiribaya y sus antecedentes en el valle de Ilo. Moquegua: Los primeros doce mil años. Policrom, Arequipa, Peru 1998, 67-82. K. Wise (Ed.).
101. Price T.D., Blitz J., Burton J.H., Ezzo J. Diagenesis in prehistoric human bone: problems and solutions. J. Archaeol. Sci. 1992, 19:513-529.
102. Price T.D., Bokelmann K., Pike-Tay A. Late Paleolithic reindeer on the North European plain. Man, Millenia, Environment: Studies in Honor of Romuald Schild 2008, 123-131. Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw. Z. Sulgostowska, A.J. Tomarazewski (Eds.).
103. Price T.D., Burton J.H., Bentley R.A. The characterization of biologically available strontium isotope ratios for the study of prehistoric migration. Archaeometry 2002, 44:117-136.
104. 86Sr ratios and the study of human mobility in ancient Mesoamerica. Lat. Amer. Antiq. 2008, 19:167-180.
105. Price T.D., Grupe G., Schroter P. Reconstruction of migration patterns in the Bell Beaker period by stable strontium isotope analysis. Appl. Geochem. 1994, 9:413-417.
106. Price T.D., Johnson C.M., Ezzo J.A., Ericson J., Burton J.H. Residential mobility in the prehistoric Southwest United States: a preliminary study using strontium isotope analysis. J. Archaeol. Sci. 1994, 21:315-330.
107. Reinhard, K., Buikstra, J.E., 2002. Louse infestations of the Chiribaya culture, Southern Peru: variation in prevalence by age and sex. 98, 173-179.
108. Reycraft R.M. Style change and ethnogenesis among the Chiribaya of far South Coastal Peru. Us and Them: Archaeology and Ethnicity in the Andes 2005, 54-72. The Cotsen Institute of Archaeology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles. R.M. Reycraft (Ed.).
109. Rice D.S. Late intermediate period domestic architecture and residential organization at La Yaral. Domestic Architecture, Ethnicity, and Complementarity in the South-Central Andes 1993, 66-82. University of Iowa Press, Iowa City. M.S. Aldenderfer (Ed.).
110. Richards M.P., Mays S., Fuller B.T. Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope values of bone and teeth reflect weaning age at the Medieval Wharram Percy Site, Yorkshire, UK. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 2002, 119:205-210.
111. Rivera J. Strontium 90 in Human Vertebrae. Radiol. Health Data Rep. 1964, 5:511-514.
112. Rofes J. Sacrificio de cuyes en El Yaral, comunidad prehispánica del extremo sur peruano. Bulletin Institue Francais d'Études Andines 2000, 29:1-12.
113. Rogers G., Hawkesworth C.J. A geochemical traverse across the North Chilean Andes: evidence for crust generation from the mantle wedge. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1989, 91:271-285.
114. Rosenthal H.L., Eves M.M., Cochran O.A. Common strontium concentrations of mineralized tissues from marine and sweet water animals. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 1970, 32:445-450.
115. 88/86Sr) in cold-water corals - a new proxy for reconstruction of intermediate ocean water temperatures. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2008, 269:570-575.
116. Rundel P., Dillon M.O., Palma B., Mooney H.A., Gulmon S.L., Ehleringer J.R. The phytogeography and ecology of the Coastal Atacama and Peruvian Deserts. Aliso 1990, 13:1-50.
117. Salo W.L., Aufderheide A.C., Buikstra J., Holcomb T.A. Identifcation of Mycobacteriam tuberculosis DNA in a pre-Columbian Peruvian mummy. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 1994, 91:2091-2094.
118. Sandford M.K. Understanding the biogenic-diagenetic continuum: interpreting elemental concentrations of archaeological bone. Investigations of Ancient Human Tissue: Chemical Analyses in Anthropology 1993, 3-57. Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, New York. M.K. Sandford (Ed.).
119. Sandford, M.K., Katzenberg, M.A., 1992. Current status of and methods for trace mineral analysis of archaeological tissue. In: Proceedings of the First World Congress on Mummy Studies, pp. 535-542.
120. Schoeninger M.J., DeNiro M.J. Nitrogen and carbon isotopic composition of bone collagen from marine and terrestrial animals. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1984, 48:625-639.
121. Schoeninger M.J., Moore K. Bone stable isotope studies in archaeology. J. World Prehist. 1992, 6:247-296.
122. Schurr M.R. Using stable nitrogen-isotopes to study weaning behavior in past populations. World Archaeol. 1998, 30:327-342.
123. Schweissing M.M., Grupe G. Stable strontium isotopes in human teeth and bone: a key to migration events of the Late Roman period in Bavaria. J. Archaeol. Sci. 2003, 30:1373-1383.
124. Schweissing M.M., Grupe G. Tracing migration events in man and cattle by stable strontium isotope analysis of appositionally grown mineralized tissue. Int. J. Osteoarchaeol. 2003, 13:96-103.
125. 86Sr as a dietary indicator in modern and archaeological bone. J. Archaeol. Sci. 1991, 18:399-416.
126. Shaw B.J., Summerhayes G.R., Buckley H.R., Baker J.A. The use of strontium isotopes as an indicator of migration in human and pig Lapita populations in the Bismarck Archipelago, Papua New Guinea. J. Archaeol. Sci. 2009, 36:1079-1091.
127. Silberstein E.B., Williams C. Strontium-89 therapy for the pain of osseous metastases. J. Nucl. Med. 1985, 26:345-348.
128. Sillen A. Diagenesis of the inorganic phase of cortical bone. The Chemistry of Prehistoric Human Bone 1989, 211-228. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. T.D. Price (Ed.).
129. Sillen A., LeGros R. Solubility profiles of synthetic apatites and of modern and fossil bone. J. Archaeol. Sci. 1991, 16:661-672.
130. Sillen A., Sealy J.C. Diagenesis of strontium in fossil bone: a reconsideration of Nelson et al. (1986). J. Archaeol. Sci. 1995, 22:313-320.
131. Sjögren K.-G., Price T.D., Ahlström T. Megaliths and mobility in South-Western Sweden. Investigating relationships between a local society and its neighbours using strontium isotopes. J. Anthropol. Archaeol. 2009, 28:85-101.
132. Slovak N.M., Paytan A., Wiegand B.A. Reconstructing Middle Horizon mobility patterns on the coast of Peru through strontium isotope analysis. J. Archaeol. Sci. 2009, 36:157-165.
133. Steiger R.H., Jäger E. Subcommission on geochronology: convention on the use of decay constants in geo- and cosmochronology. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1977, 36:359-362.
134. Sykes N.J., White J., Hayes T.E., Palmer M.R. Tracking animals using strontium isotopes in teeth: the role of fallow deer (Dama dama) in Roman Britain. Antiquity 2006, 80:948-959.
135. Tieszen L.L., Chapman M. Carbon and nitrogen isotopic status of the major marine and terrestrial resources in the Atacama Desert of Northern Chile. Proceedings of the First World Congress on Mummy Studies 1992, 409-425. Museo Arqueológico y Etnográfico de Tenerife, Tenerife.
136. Tieszen, L.L., Iversen, E., Matzner, S., 1992. Dietary reconstruction based on carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur stable isotopes in the Atacama Desert, Northern Chile. In: Proceedings of the First World Congress on Mummy Studies, pp. 427-441.
137. Tomczak, P., 1995. Paleodietary analysis of Chiribaya Alta: the stable isotope and trace element analysis. Masters thesis, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL.
138. Tomczak, P., 2001. Prehistoric socio-economic relations and population organization in the lower Osmore Valley of Southern Peru. Doctoral dissertation, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque.
139. Tomczak P. Prehistoric diet and socio-economic relationships within the Osmore Valley of Southern Peru. J. Anthropol. Archaeol. 2003, 22:262-278.
140. Tung T.A., Knudson K.J. Social identities and geographical origins of Wari trophy heads from Conchopata, Peru. Curr. Anthropol. 2008, 49:915-925.
141. Turner, B.L., 2008. The servants of Machu Picchu: life histories and population dynamics in late horizon Peru. Doctoral dissertation, Emory University, Atlanta, GA.
142. Turner B.L., Kamenov G.D., Kingston J.D., Armelagos G.J. Insights into immigration and social class at Machu Picchu, Peru based on oxygen, strontium, and lead isotopic analysis. J. Archaeol. Sci. 2009, 36:317-332.
143. Tykot R.H. Isotope analyses and the histories of maize. Histories of Maize: Multidisciplinary Approaches to the Prehistory, Linguistics, Biogeography, Domestication, and Evolution of Maize 2006, 131-142. Academic Press (Elsevier), New York. J.E. Staller, R.H. Tykot, B.F. Benz (Eds.).
144. Tykot R.H., Falabella F., Planella M.T., Aspillaga E., Sanhueza L., Becker C. Stable isotopes and archaeology in Central Chile: methodological insights and interpretative problems for dietary reconstruction. Int. J. Osteoarchaeol. 2009, 19:156-170.
145. Veizer J. Strontium isotopes in seawater through time. Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 1989, 1:141-167.
146. Walker P.L., DeNiro M.J. Stable nitrogen and carbon isotope ratios in bone collagen as indices of prehistoric dietary dependence on marine and terrestrial resources in Southern California. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 1986, 71:51-61.
147. Wheeler J.C., Russel A.J.F., Redden H. Llamas and alpacas: pre-conquest breeds and post-conquest hybrids. J. Archaeol. Sci. 1995, 22:833-840.
148. Williams, H.M., Gordon, G.W., Knudson, K.J., Skulan, J., Anbar, A. Stable strontium (δ88/86Sr) isotope variation in terrestrial and marine materials. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., in preparation.
149. Williams J.S., White C.D., Longstaffe F.J. Trophic level and macronutrient shift effects associated with the weaning process in the Postclassic Maya. Amer. J. Phys. Anthropol. 2005, 128:781-790.
150. Wright L.E., Schwarcz H.P. Stable carbon and oxygen isotopes in human tooth enamel: identifying breastfeeding and weaning in prehistory. Amer. J. Phys. Anthropol. 1998, 106:1-18.
151. Yang L., Peter C., Panne U., Sturgeon R.E. Use of Zr for mass bias correction in strontium isotope ratio determinations using MC-ICP-MS. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 2008, 23:1269-1274.
152. Zaro G., Umire Alvarez A. Late Chiribaya agriculture and risk management along the arid Andean Coast of Southern Perú, A.D. 1200-1400. Geoarchaeology 2005, 20:717-737.