Climate simulations and projections with a super-parameterized climate model

Environmental Modelling and Software

Volumn 60, Issue , 2014, Pages 134-152

  Stan, Cristiana ^a,b   Xu, Li ^b  

^a GEORGE MASON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b CENTER FOR OCEAN LAND ATMOSPHERE STUDIES   (United States)

Author keywords

Climate change; Climate sensitivity; Global modeling; Super parameterization

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; CARBON DIOXIDE; CLIMATE CHANGE; COMPUTER SIMULATION;

ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE CONCENTRATION; CLIMATE CHANGE SIMULATIONS; CLIMATE SENSITIVITY; CLOUD SYSTEM-RESOLVING MODELS; GLOBAL MODELING; HORIZONTAL RESOLUTION; SUBSEASONAL VARIABILITY; SUPER-PARAMETERIZATION;

CLIMATE MODELS;

CARBON DIOXIDE; CLIMATE CHANGE; CLIMATE MODELING; CONCENTRATION (COMPOSITION); GENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL; NUMERICAL MODEL; PARAMETERIZATION; TEMPERATURE EFFECT;

NORTH AMERICA;

EID: 84903700780     PISSN: 13648152     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.envsoft.2014.06.013     Document Type: Article

References (83)

1. An S.I., Kang I.S. Sensitivity of the equatorial air-sea coupled system to the zonal phase difference between SST and wind stress. Adv. Atmos. Sci. 2001, 18:155-165. 10.1007/s00376-001-0010-8.
2. Andrews T., Gregory J.M., Webb M.J., Taylor K.E. Forcing, feedbacks and climate sensitivity in CMIP5 coupled atmosphere-ocean climate models. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2012, 39:L09712. 10.1029/2012GL051607.
3. Arakawa A. The cumulus parameterization problem: past, present, and future. J.Clim. 2004, 17:2493-2525. 10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017< 2493:RATCPP> 2.0.CO;2.
4. Behringer D.W., Xue Y. Evaluation of the global ocean data assimilation system at NCEP: the Pacific Ocean. Eighth Symposium on Integrated Observing and Assimilation Systems for Atmosphere, Oceans, and Land Surface, AMS 84th Annual Meeting, Washington State Convention and Trade Center, Seattle, Washington 2004.
5. Bennett N.D., Croke B.F.W., Guariso G., Guillaume J.H.A., Hamilton S.H., Jakeman A.J., Marsili-Libelli S., Newham L.T.H., Norton J.P., Perrin C., Pierce S.A., Robson B., Seppelt R., Voinov A.A., Fath B.D., Andreassian V. Characterising performance of environmental models. Environ. Model. Softw. 2013, 40:1-20. 10.1016/j.envsoft.2012.09.011.
6. Blossey P.N., Bretherton C.S., Wyant M.C. Subtropical low cloud response to a warmer climate in a superparameterized climate model. Part II: column modeling with a cloud resolving model. J.Adv. Model. Earth Syst. 2009, 1:8. 10.3894/JAMES.2009.1.8.
7. Bony S., Colman R., Kattsov V.M., Allan R.P., Bretherton C.S., Dufresne J.L., Hall A., Hallegatte S., Holland M.M., Ingram W., Randall D.A., Soden B.J., Tselioudis G., Webb M.J. How well do we understand and evaluate climate change feedback processes?. J.Clim. 2006, 19:3445-3482. 10.1175/JCLI3819.1.
8. Brient F., Bony S. How may low-cloud radiative properties simulated in the current climate influence low-cloud feedbacks under global warming?. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2012, 39:L20807. 10.1029/2012GL053265.
9. Capotondi A., Wittenberg A., Masina S. Spatial and temporal structure of tropical pacific interannual variability in 20th century coupled simulations. Ocean Model. 2006, 15:274-298. 10.1016/j.ocemod.2006.02.004.
10. Carton J.A., Chepurin G., Cao X. Asimple ocean data assimilation analysis of the global upper ocean 1950-95. Part II: results. J.Phys. Oceanogr. 2000, 30:311-326. 10.1175/1520-0485(2000)030< 0311:ASODAA> 2.0.CO;2.
11. Carton J.A., Chepurin G., Cao X., Giese B. Asimple ocean data assimilation analysis of the global upper ocean 1950-95. Part I: methodology. J.Phys. Oceanogr. 2000, 30:294-309. 10.1175/1520-0485(2000)030< 0294:ASODAAASODAA> 2.0.CO;2.
12. Cess R.D., Harrison E.F., Minnis P., Barkstrom B.R., Ramanathan V., Kwon T.Y. Interpretation of seasonal cloud-climate interactions using earth radiation budget experiment data. J.Geophys. Res. Atmos. 1992, 97:7613-7617. 10.1029/92JD00547.
13. Cook K.H., Meehl G.A., Arblaster J.M. Monsoon regimes and processes in CCSM4. Part II: African and American monsoon systems. J.Clim. 2012, 25:2609-2621. 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00185.1.
14. Danabasoglu G., Yeager S.G., Kwon Y.O., Tribbia J.J., Phillips A.S., Hurrell J.W. Variability of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation in CCSM4. J.Clim. 2012, 25:5153-5172. 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00463.1.
15. DeMott C.A., Stan C., Randall D.A. Northward propagation mechanisms of the boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation in the ERA-interim and SP-CCSM. J.Clim. 2013, 26:1973-1992. 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00191.1.
16. DeMott C.A., Stan C., Randall D.A., Kinter J.L., Khairoutdinov M. The asian monsoon in the superparameterized CCSM and its relationship to tropical wave activity. J.Clim. 2011, 24:5134-5156. 10.1175/2011JCLI4202.1.
17. Deser C., Phillips A.S., Tomas R.A., Okumura Y.M., Alexander M.A., Capotondi A., Scott J.D., Kwon Y.O., Ohba M. ENSO and Pacific decadal variability in the Community Climate System Model version 4. J.Clim. 2011, 25:2622-2651. 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00301.1.
18. Dirmeyer P., Cash B., Kinter James L., Jung T., Marx L., Satoh M., Stan C., Tomita H., Towers P., Wedi N., Achuthavarier D., Adams J., Altshuler E., Huang B., Jin E., Manganello J. Simulating the diurnal cycle of rainfall in global climate models: resolution versus parameterization. Clim. Dyn. 2012, 39:399-418. 10.1007/s00382-011-1127-9.
19. Fu X., Wang B. Acoupled modeling study of the seasonal cycle of the Pacific cold tongue. Part I: simulation and sensitivity experiments. J.Clim. 2001, 14:765-779. 10.1175/1520-0442(2001)014< 0765:ACMSOT> 2.0.CO;2.
20. Ganachaud A., Wunsch C. Improved estimates of global ocean circulation, heat transport and mixing from hydrographic data. Nature 2000, 408:453-457. 10.1038/35044048.
21. Gent P., Yeager S., Neale R., Levis S., Bailey D. Improvements in a half degree atmosphere/land version of the CCSM. Clim. Dyn. 2010, 34:819-833. 10.1007/s00382-009-0614-8.
22. Gent P.R., Danabasoglu G., Donner L.J., Holland M.M., Hunke E.C., Jayne S.R., Lawrence D.M., Neale R.B., Rasch P.J., Vertenstein M., Worley P.H., Yang Z.L., Zhang M. The community climate system model version 4. J.Clim. 2011, 24:4973-4991. 10.1175/2011JCLI4083.1.
23. Gettelman A., Kay J.E., Shell K.M. The evolution of climate sensitivity and climate feedbacks in the community atmosphere model. J.Clim. 2012, 25:1453-1469. 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00197.1.
24. Grabowski W.W. Coupling cloud processes with the large-scale dynamics using the cloud-resolving convection parameterization (CRCP). J.Atmos. Sci. 2001, 58:978-997. 10.1175/1520-0469(2001)058< 0978:CCPWTL 2.0.CO;2.
25. Gregory J.M., Ingram W.J., Palmer M.A., Jones G.S., Stott P.A., Thorpe R.B., Lowe J.A., Johns T.C., Williams K.D. Anew method for diagnosing radiative forcing and climate sensitivity. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2004, 31. 10.1029/2003GL018747.
26. Griffies S.M., Winton M., Donner L.J., Horowitz L.W., Downes S.M., Farneti R., Gnanadesikan A., Hurlin W.J., Lee H.C., Liang Z., Palter J.B., Samuels B.L., Wittenberg A.T., Wyman B.L., Yin J., Zadeh N. The GFDL CM3 coupled climate model: characteristics of the ocean and sea ice simulations. J.Clim. 2011, 24:3520-3544. 10.1175/2011JCLI3964.1.
27. Gupta A.S., Muir L.C., Brown J.N., Phipps S.J., Durack P.J., Monselesan D., Wijffels S.E. Climate drift in the CMIP3 models. J.Clim. 2012, 25:4621-4640. 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00312.1.
28. Hagos S.M., Cook K.H. Dynamics of the West African monsoon jump. J.Clim. 2007, 20:5264-5284. 10.1175/2007JCLI1533.1.
29. Huang B., Hu Z.Z., Schneider E., Wu Z., Xue Y., Klinger B. Influences of tropical-extratropical interaction on the multidecadal AMOC variability in the NCEP climate forecast system. Clim. Dyn. 2012, 39:531-555. 10.1007/s00382-011-1258-z.
30. Huffman G.J., Adler R.F., Arkin P., Chang A., Ferraro R., Gruber A., Janowiak J., McNab A., Rudolf B., Schneider U. The global precipitation climatology project (GPCP) combined precipitation dataset. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 1997, 78:5-20. 10.1175/1520-0477(1997)078< 0005:TGPCPG 2.0.CO;2.
31. Jakeman A.J., Letcher R.A., Norton J.P. Ten iterative steps in development and evaluation of environmental models. Environ. Model. Softw. 2006, 21:602-614. 10.1016/j.envsoft.2006.01.004.
32. Khairoutdinov M.F., Randall D.A. Acloud resolving model as a cloud parameterization in the NCAR community climate system model: preliminary results. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2001, 28:3617-3620. 10.1029/2001GL013552.
33. Khairoutdinov M.F., Randall D.A. Cloud resolving modeling of the arm summer 1997 IOP: model formulation, results, uncertainties, and sensitivities. J.Atmos. Sci. 2003, 60:607-625. 10.1175/1520-0469(2003)060< 0607:CRMOTA 2.0.CO;2.
34. Kim D., Sobel A.H., Del Genio A.D., Chen Y., Camargo S.J., Yao M.S., Kelley M., Nazarenko L. The tropical subseasonal variability simulated in the NASA GISS general circulation model. J.Clim. 2012, 25:4641-4659. 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00447.1.
35. Kirtman B.P. Oceanic Rossby wave dynamics and the ENSO period in a coupled model. J.Clim. 1997, 10:1690-1704. 10.1175/1520-0442(1997)010< 1690:ORWDAT 2.0.CO;2.
36. Kirtman B.P., Schneider E.K. Model-based estimates of equatorial Pacific wind stress. J.Clim. 1996, 9:1077-1091. 10.1175/1520-0442(1996)009< 1077:MBEOEP 2.0.CO;2.
37. Klinger B.A., Drijfhout S., Marotzke J., Scott J.R. Sensitivity of basinwide meridional overturning to diapycnal diffusion and remote wind forcing in an idealized Atlantic-southern ocean geometry. J.Phys. Oceanogr. 2003, 33:249-266. 10.1175/1520-0485(2003)033< 0249:SOBMOT 2.0.CO;2.
38. Krishnamurthy V., Stan C., Randall D.A., Shukla R.P., Kinter J.L. Simulation of the south Asian monsoon in a coupled model with an embedded cloud-resolving model. J.Clim. 2014, 27:1121-1142. 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00257.1.
39. Le Barbé L., Lebel T., Tapsoba D. Rainfall variability in West Africa during the years 1950-90. J.Clim. 2002, 15:187-202. 10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015< 0187:RVIWAD 2.0.CO;2.
40. Liebmann B., Smith C.A. Describtion of a complete (interpolated) outgoing longwave radiation dataset. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 1996, 77:1275-1277.
41. Lin S.J. A"vertically lagrangian"finite-volume dynamical core for global models. Monthly Weather Rev. 2004, 132:2293-2307. 10.1175/1520-0493(2004)132< 2293:AVLFDC 2.0.CO;2.
42. Liu P., Satoh M., Wang B., Fudeyasu H., Nasuno T., Li T., Miura H., Taniguchi H., Masunaga H., Fu X., Annamalai H. An MJO simulated by the NICAM at 14- and 7-km resolutions. Monthly Weather Rev. 2009, 137:3254-3268. 10.1175/2009MWR2965.1.
43. Loeb N.G., Wielicki B.A., Doelling D.R., Smith G.L., Keyes D.F., Kato S., Manalo-Smith N., Wong T. Toward optimal closure of the earth's top-of-atmosphere radiation budget. J.Clim. 2009, 22:748-766. 10.1175/2008JCLI2637.1.
44. Maloney E.D., Hartmann D.L. The sensitivity of intraseasonal variability in the NCAR CCSM3 to changes in convective parameterization. J.Clim. 2001, 14:2015-2034. 10.1175/1520-0442(2001)014< 2015:TSOIVI 2.0.CO;2.
45. McKee T., Doesken N.J., Kleist J. Drought Monitoring with Multiple Time Scales 1995, 233-236.
46. Meehl G.A., Washington W.M., Arblaster J.M., Hu A., Teng H., Tebaldi C., Sanderson B.N., Lamarque J.F., Conley A., Strand W.G., White J.B. Climate system response to external forcings and climate change projections in CCSM4. J.Clim. 2012, 25:3661-3683. 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00240.1.
47. Miura H., Satoh M., Nasuno T., Noda A.T., Oouchi K. AMadden-Julian oscillation event realistically simulated by a global cloud-resolving model. Science 2007, 318:1763-1765.
48. Moss R.H., Edmonds J.A., Hibbard K.A., Manning M.R., Rose S.K., van Vuuren D.P., Carter T.R., Emori S., Kainuma M., Kram T., Meehl G.A., Mitchell J.F.B., Nakicenovic N., Riahi K., Smith S.J., Stouffer R.J., Thomson A.M., Weyant J.P., Wilbanks T.J. The next generation of scenarios for climate change research and assessment. Nature 2010, 463:747-756. 10.1038/nature08823.
49. Neale R.B., Richter J.H., Jochum M. The impact of convection on ENSO: from a delayed oscillator to a series of events. J.Clim. 2008, 21:5904-5924. 10.1175/2008JCLI2244.1.
50. Neale R.B., Richter J., Park S., Lauritzen P.H., Vavrus S.J., Rasch P.J., Zhang M. The mean climate of the community atmosphere model (CAM4) in forced SST and fully coupled experiments. J.Clim. 2013, 26:5150-5168. 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00236.1.
51. Neelin J.D., Peters O., Lin J.W.B., Hales K., Holloway C.E. Rethinking convective quasi-equilibrium: observational constraints for stochastic convective schemes in climate models. Phil. Trans. Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. 2008, 366:2581-2604. 10.2307/25190856.
52. Palmer T.N. Anonlinear dynamical perspective on climate prediction. J.Clim. 1999, 12:575-591. 10.1175/1520-0442(1999)012< 0575:ANDPOC> 2.0.CO;2.
53. Prodhomme C., Terray P., Masson S., Izumo T., Tozuka T., Yamagata T. Impacts of Indian Ocean SST biases on the Indian monsoon: as simulated in a global coupled model. Clim. Dyn. 2014, 42:271-290. 10.1007/s00382-013-1671-6.
54. Randall D., Khairoutdinov M., Arakawa A., Grabowski W. Breaking the cloud parameterization deadlock. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 2003, 84:1547-1564. 10.1175/BAMS-84-11-1547.
55. Randall D.A., et al. Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis 2007, 591-662. Cambridge University Press, Contribution of working group 1 to the fourth assessment report to the Intergovernamental Panel on Climate Change.
56. Randel D.L., Greenwald T.J., Vonder Haar T.H., Stephens G.L., Ringerud M.A., Combs C.L. Anew global water vapor dataset. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 1996, 77:1233-1246. 10.1175/1520-0477(1996)077< 1233:ANGWVD 2.0.CO;2.
57. Rayner N.A., Brohan P., Parker D.E., Folland C.K., Kennedy J.J., Vanicek M., Ansell T.J., Tett S.F.B. Improved analyses of changes and uncertainties in sea surface temperature measured in situ since the mid-nineteenth century: the HadSST2 dataset. J.Clim. 2006, 19:446-469. 10.1175/JCLI3637.1.
58. Satoh M., Matsuno T., Tomita H., Miura H., Nasuno T., Iga S. Nonhydrostatic icosahedral atmospheric model (NICAM) for global cloud resolving simulations. J.Comput. Phys. 2008, 227:3486-3514. 10.1016/j.jcp.2007.02.006.
59. Schmittner A., Urban N.M., Shakun J.D., Mahowald N.M., Clark P.U., Bartlein P.J., Mix A.C., Rosell-Melé A. Climate sensitivity estimated from temperature reconstructions of the last glacial maximum. Science 2011, 334:1385-1388.
60. Sherwood S.C., Bony S., Dufresne J.L. Spread in model climate sensitivity traced to atmospheric convective mixing. Nature 2014, 505:37-42. 10.1038/nature12829.
61. Shiogama H., Watanabe M., Yoshimori M., Yokohata T., Ogura T., Annan J., Hargreaves J., Abe M., Kamae Y., O'ishi R., Nobui R., Emori S., Nozawa T., Abe-Ouchi A., Kimoto M. Perturbed physics ensemble using the MIROC5 coupled atmosphere-ocean GCM without flux corrections: experimental design and results. Clim. Dyn. 2012, 39:3041-3056. 10.1007/s00382-012-1441-x.
62. Soden B.J., Held I.M. An assessment of climate feedbacks in coupled ocean-atmosphere models. J.Clim. 2006, 19:3354-3360. 10.1175/JCLI3799.1.
63. Solomon S., Qin D., Manning M., Marquis M., Averyt K., Tignor M.M.B., Miller H.L., Chen Z. Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis 2007, Cambridge University Press.
64. Srokosz M., Baringer M., Bryden H., Cunningham S., Delworth T., Lozier S., Marotzke J., Sutton R. Past, present, and future changes in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 2012, 93:1663-1676. 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00151.1.
65. Stan C. Is cumulus convection the concertmaster of tropical cyclone activity in the atlantic?. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2012, 39:L19716. 10.1029/2012GL053449.
66. Stan C., Khairoutdinov M., DeMott C.A., Krishnamurthy V., Straus D.M., Randall D.A., Kinter James L., Shukla J. An ocean-atmosphere climate simulation with an embedded cloud resolving model. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2010, 37. 10.1029/2009GL040822.
67. Subramanian A.C., Jochum M., Miller A.J., Murtugudde R., Neale R.B., Waliser D.E. The Madden-Julian oscillation in ccsm4. J.Clim. 2011, 24:6261-6282. 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00031.1.
68. Sultan B., Janicot S. Abrupt shift of the ITCZ over West Africa and intra-seasonal variability. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2000, 27:3353-3356. 10.1029/1999GL011285.
69. Sultan B., Janicot S., Diedhiou A. The west African monsoon dynamics. Part I: documentation of intraseasonal variability. J.Clim. 2003, 16:3389-3406. 10.1175/1520-0442(2003)016< 3389:TWAMDP 2.0.CO;2.
70. Talley L.D., Reid J.L., Robbins P.E. Data-based meridional overturning streamfunctions for the global ocean. J.Clim. 2003, 16:3213-3226. 10.1175/1520-0442(2003)016< 3213:DMOSFT 2.0.CO;2.
71. Taylor K.E., Stouffer R.J., Meehl G.A. An overview of CMIP5 and the experiment design. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 2011, 93:485-498. 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00094.1.
72. Thorncroft C.D., Nguyen H., Zhang C., Peyrillé P. Annual cycle of the west African monsoon: regional circulations and associated water vapour transport. Q.J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 2011, 137:129-147. 10.1002/qj.728.
73. Webb M.J., Lock A. Coupling between subtropical cloud feedback and the local hydrological cycle in a climate model. Clim. Dyn. 2012, 1-17. 10.1007/s00382-012-1608-5.
74. Wehner M., Smith R., Bala G., Duffy P. The effect of horizontal resolution on simulation of very extreme US precipitation events in a global atmosphere model. Clim. Dyn. 2010, 34:241-247. 10.1007/s00382-009-0656-y.
75. Wei T., Wang L., Dong W., Dong M., Zhang J. Acomparison of east Asian summer monsoon simulations from cam3.1 with three dynamic cores. Theor. Appl. Climatol. 2011, 106:295-306. 10.1007/s00704-011-0409-9.
76. Wheeler M., Kiladis G.N. Convectively coupled equatorial waves: analysis of clouds and temperature in the wavenumber-frequency domain. J.Atmos. Sci. 1999, 56:374-399. 10.1175/1520-0469(1999)056< 0374:CCEWAO 2.0.CO;2.
77. Williamson D.L. Convergence of aqua-planet simulations with increasing resolution in the Community Atmospheric Model, version 3. Tellus A 2008, 60:848-862. 10.1111/j.1600-0870.2008.00339.x.
78. Wyant M.C., Bretherton C.S., Blossey P.N. Subtropical low cloud response to a warmer climate in a superparameterized climate model. Part I: regime sorting and physical mechanisms. J.Adv. Model. Earth Syst. 2009, 1:7. 10.3894/JAMES.2009.1.7.
79. 2 in a superparameterized climate model. J.Adv. Model. Earth Syst. 2012, 4:M05001. 10.1029/2011MS000092.
80. Xu K.M., Cheng A. Evaluating low cloud simulation from an upgraded multiscale modeling framework model. Part I: sensitivity to spatial resolution and climatology. J.Clim. 2013, 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00200.1.
81. Xu X., Schmitz W.J., Hurlburt H.E., Hogan P.J. Mean Atlantic meridional overturning circulation across 26.5°n from eddy-resolving simulations compared to observations. J.Geophys. Res. 2012, 117:C03042. 10.1029/2011JC007586.
82. Zhou L., Neale R.B., Jochum M., Murtugudde R. Improved Madden-Julian oscillations with improved physics: the impact of modified convection parameterizations. J.Clim. 2011, 25:1116-1136. 10.1175/2011JCLI4059.1.
83. Zhu H., Hendon H. Convection and MJO Performance in UM7.1 2010, Technical Report 022, The Center for Australian Weather and Climate Research.