A low-glycemic index meal and bedtime snack prevents postprandial hyperglycemia and associated rises in inflammatory markers, providing protection from early but not late nocturnal hypoglycemia following evening exercise in type 1 diabetes

Diabetes Care

Volumn 37, Issue 7, 2014, Pages 1845-1853

  Campbell, Matthew D ^a   Walker, Mark ^b   Trenell, Michael I ^b   Stevenson, Emma J ^a   Turner, Daniel ^c   Bracken, Richard M ^c   Shaw, James A ^b   West, Daniel J ^a  

^a NORTHUMBRIA UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b NEWCASTLE UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^c SWANSEA UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

3 HYDROXYBUTYRIC ACID; ADRENALIN; BIOLOGICAL MARKER; FATTY ACID; GLUCAGON; GLUCOSE; HYDROCORTISONE; INSULIN; INTERLEUKIN 6; LACTIC ACID; SHORT ACTING INSULIN; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA; CARBOHYDRATE DIET; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL;

ADULT; ARTICLE; BLOOD GLUCOSE MONITORING; BODY MASS; CARBOHYDRATE DIET; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; DIABETES CONTROL; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE MARKER; EXERCISE; FAST FOOD; FOOD COMPOSITION; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; GLYCEMIC CONTROL; GLYCEMIC INDEX; HUMAN; HYPERGLYCEMIA; INCIDENCE; INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; MALE; NOCTURNAL HYPOGLYCEMIA; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; TREADMILL EXERCISE; YOUNG ADULT; DOSE RESPONSE; EXERCISE TEST; HYPOGLYCEMIA; MEAL; METABOLISM; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; POSTPRANDIAL STATE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; RUNNING; TIME;

ADULT; BLOOD GLUCOSE; DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1; DIETARY CARBOHYDRATES; DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP, DRUG; EXERCISE; EXERCISE TEST; GLYCEMIC INDEX; HUMANS; HYPERGLYCEMIA; HYPOGLYCEMIA; INSULIN, SHORT-ACTING; MALE; MEALS; POSTPRANDIAL PERIOD; RUNNING; SNACKS; TIME FACTORS; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84903525989     PISSN: 01495992     EISSN: 19355548     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2337/dc14-0186     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Chu L, Hamilton J, Riddell MC. Clinical management of the physically active patient with type 1 diabetes. Phys Sportsmed 2011;39:64-77
2. Taplin CE, Cobry E, Messer L, McFann K, Chase HP, Fiallo-Scharer R. Preventing post-exercise nocturnal hypoglycemia in children with type 1 diabetes. J Pediatr 2010;157:784-788, e1
3. Brazeau AS, Rabasa-Lhoret R, Strychar I, Mircescu H. Barriers to physical activity among patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2008;31:2108-2109
4. Davey RJ, Bussau VA, Paramalingam N, et al. A 10-s sprint performed after moderate-intensity exercise neither increases nor decreases the glucose requirement to prevent late-onset hypoglycemia in individuals with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2013;36:4163-4165
5. Campbell MD, Walker M, Trenell MI, et al. Large pre- and postexercise rapid-acting insulin reductions preserve glycemia and prevent early- but not late-onset hypoglycemia in patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2013;36:2217-2224
6. West DJ, Morton RD, Bain SC, Stephens JW, Bracken RM. Blood glucose responses to reductions in pre-exercise rapid-acting insulin for 24 h after running in individualswith type 1 diabetes. J Sports Sci 2010;28:781-788
7. West DJ, Stephens JW, Bain SC, et al. A combined insulin reduction and carbohydrate feeding strategy 30 min before running best preserves blood glucose concentration after exercise through improved fuel oxidation in type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Sports Sci 2011;29:279-289
8. Yardley JE, Kenny GP, Perkins BA, et al. Resistance versus aerobic exercise: acute effects on glycemia in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2013;36:537-542
9. McMahon SK, Ferreira LD, Ratnam N, et al. Glucose requirements to maintain euglycemia after moderate-intensity afternoon exercise in adolescents with type 1 diabetes are increased in a biphasic manner. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007;92:963-968 (Pubitemid 46465670)
10. Evert AB, Boucher JL, Cypress M, et al. Nutrition therapy recommendations for the management of adults with diabetes. Diabetes Care 2014;37(Suppl. 1):S120-S143
11. Riddell MC, Perkins BA. Type 1 diabetes and vigorous exercise: applications of exercise physiology to patient management. Can J Diabetes 2006;30:63-71 (Pubitemid 44411674)
12. Perry E, Gallen I. Guidelines on the current best practice for the management of type 1 diabetes, sport and exercise. Pract Diabetes Int 2009;26:116-123
13. Parillo M, Riccardi G. Dietary carbohydrates and glucose metabolism in diabetic patients. Diabete Metab 1995;21:391-401 (Pubitemid 26032366)
14. Jenkins DJ, Wolever TM, Taylor RH, et al. Glycemic index of foods: a physiological basis for carbohydrate exchange. Am J Clin Nutr 1981;34:362-366 (Pubitemid 11159124)
15. Nansel TR, Gellar L, McGill A. Effect of varying glycemic index meals on blood glucose control assessed with continuous glucose monitoring in youth with type 1 diabetes on basal-bolus insulin regimens. Diabetes Care 2008;31:695-697
16. Parillo M, Annuzzi G, Rivellese AA, et al. Effects of meals with different glycaemic index on postprandial blood glucose response in patients with type 1 diabetes treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. Diabet Med 2011;28:227-229
17. West DJ, Morton RD, Stephens JW, et al. Isomaltulose improves post-exercise glycemia by reducing CHO oxidation in T1DM. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2011;43:204-210
18. Jensen TE, Richter EA. Regulation of glucose and glycogen metabolism during and after exercise. J Physiol 2012;590:1069-1076
19. Jentjens R, Jeukendrup AE. Determinants of post-exercise glycogen synthesis during short-term recovery. Sports Med 2003;33:117-144 (Pubitemid 36315022)
20. MacDonald MJ. Postexercise late-onset hypoglycemia in insulin-dependent diabetic patients. Diabetes Care 1987;10:584-588 (Pubitemid 17158929)
21. Wallace TM, Matthews DR. Recent advances in the monitoring and management of diabetic ketoacidosis. QJM 2004;97:773-780 (Pubitemid 39618568)
22. Laffel L. Ketone bodies: a review of physiology, pathophysiology and application of monitoring to diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 1999;15:412-426 (Pubitemid 30066228)
23. Rosa JS, Oliver SR, Flores RL, et al. Altered inflammatory, oxidative, and metabolic responses to exercise in pediatric obesity and type 1 diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes 2011;12:464-472
24. Keenan DB, Mastrototaro JJ, Zisser H, et al. Accuracy of the Enlite 6-day glucose sensor with guardian and Veo calibration algorithms. Diabetes Technol Ther 2012;14:225-231
25. Dill DB, Costill DL. Calculation of percentage changes in volumes of blood, plasma, and red cells in dehydration. J Appl Physiol 1974;37:247-248
26. Rabasa-Lhoret R, Bourque J, Ducros F, Chiasson JL. Guidelines for premeal insulin dose reduction for postprandial exercise of different intensities and durations in type 1 diabetic subjects treated intensively with a basal-bolus insulin regimen (ultralente-lispro). Diabetes Care 2001;24:625-630 (Pubitemid 32888838)
27. Clinical Exercise Testing. In ACSM's Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription. Walter R, Gordon NF, Pescatello LS, Eds. Baltimore, American College of Sports Medicine, 2010, p. 114-141
28. Brouns F, Bjorck I, Frayn KN, et al. Glycaemic index methodology. Nutr Res Rev 2005;18:145-171 (Pubitemid 40826920)
29. Hernandez JM, Moccia T, Fluckey JD, Ulbrecht JS, Farrell PA. Fluid snacks to help persons with type 1 diabetes avoid late onset post-exercise hypoglycemia. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2000;32:904-910 (Pubitemid 30230670)
30. Jeukendrup AE, Wallis GA. Measurement of substrate oxidation during exercise by means of gas exchange measurements. Int J Sports Med 2005;26(Suppl. 1):S28-S37 (Pubitemid 40288361)
31. Wolever TM, Jenkins DJ. The use of the glycemic index in predicting the blood glucose response to mixed meals. Am J Clin Nutr 1986;43:167-172 (Pubitemid 16099799)
32. Thomas D, Elliott EJ. Low glycaemic index, or low glycaemic load, diets for diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009;(1):CD006296
33. McGarry JD, Foster DW. Ketogenesis. In: Ellenberg and Rifkin's Diabetes Mellitus, Porte D, Sherwin RS, Editors. 1996, New York, McGraw-Hill, 1996, p. 19-28
34. Balasse EO, Féry F. Ketone body production and disposal: effects of fasting, diabetes, and exercise. Diabetes Metab Rev 1989;5:247-270 (Pubitemid 19116193)
35. Cryer PE, Childs BP. Negotiating the barrier of hypoglycemia in diabetes. Diabetes Spectr 2002;15:20-27
36. Mikines KJ, Sonne B, Farrell PA, Tronier B, Galbo H. Effect of physical exercise on sensitivity and responsiveness to insulin in humans. Am J Physiol 1988;254:E248-E259
37. Maarbjerg SJ, Sylow L, Richter EA. Current understanding of increased insulin sensitivity after exercise - emerging candidates. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2011;202:323-335
38. Ashwell SG, Gebbie J, Home PD. Optimal timing of injection of once-daily insulin glargine in people with Type 1 diabetes using insulin lispro at meal-times. Diabet Med 2006;23:46-52
39. Thomas RM, Aldibbiat A, Griffin W, Cox MA, Leech NJ, Shaw JA. A randomized pilot study in Type 1 diabetes complicated by severe hypoglycaemia, comparing rigorous hypoglycaemia avoidance with insulin analogue therapy, CSII or education alone. Diabet Med 2007;24:778-783 (Pubitemid 47012140)