A Simple Method to Control Positive Baseline Trend Within Data Nonoverlap

Journal of Special Education

Volumn 48, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 79-91

  Parker, Richard I ^a   Vannest, Kimberly J ^a   Davis, John L ^a  

^a TEXAS A AND M UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

baseline trend; effect size; single case research

Indexed keywords

EID: 84903382370     PISSN: 00224669     EISSN: 15384764     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0022466912456430     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. AbramsonJ. H. (2010). Programs for epidemiologists-Windows version (WinPepi) [Computer software]. Retrieved from http://www.brixtonhealth.com/pepi4windows.html.
2. Acion L.,Peterson J.,Temple S.,Arndt S.Probabilistic index: An intuitive non-parametric approach to measuring the size of treatment effects.Statistics in Medicine. 2006;25:591-602.
3. Allison D. B.,Gorman B. S.Calculating effect sizes for meta-analysis: The case of the single case.Behavior, Research, and Therapy. 1993;31:621-631.
4. Bartlett M. S.Fitting a straight line when both variables are subject to error.Biometrics. 1949;5:207-212.
5. Brown G. W.,Mood A. M.On median tests for linear hypotheses. In Proceedings of the Second Berkeley Symposium on Mathematical Statistics and Probability; 1951Berkeley: University of California Press; 1951.
6. Calkin A. B.Precision teaching: The standard celeration charts.The Behavior Analyst Today. 2005;6:207-213.
7. Center B. A.,Skiba R. J.,Casey A.A methodology for the quantitative synthesis of intrasubject design research.Journal of Special Education. 1985-1986;19:387-400.
8. Cliff N.Dominance statistics: Ordinal analyses to answer ordinal questions.Psychological Bulletin. 1993;114:494-509.
9. Crosbie J.Interrupted time-series analysis with brief single-subject data.Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1993;61:966-974.
10. D'Agostino R. B.,Campbell M.,Greenhouse J.Non-inferiority trials: Continued advancements in concepts and methodology.Statistics in Medicine. 2006;25:1097-1099.
11. Delaney H. D.,Vargha A.Comparing several robust tests of stochastic equality with ordinally scaled variables and small to moderate sized samples.Psychological Methods. 2002;7:485-503.
12. Faith M. S.,Allison D. B.,Gorman B. S.Design and analysis of single-case research. Franklin R. D.Allison D. B.Gorman B. S., ed. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum; 1996:245-277.
13. Ferron J.,Jones P. K.Tests for the visual analysis of response-guided multiple-baseline data.Journal of Experimental Education. 2006;75:66-81.
14. Fisher W. W.,Kelley M. E.,Lomas J. E.Visual aids and structured criteria for improving visual inspection and interpretation of single-case designs.Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis. 2003;36:387-406.
15. GranatoG. E. (2006). Kendall-Theil Robust Line (KTRLine-version 1.0) [Computer software]. Retrieved from http://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/2006/tm4a7/.
16. Grissom R. J.,Kim J. J.Effect sizes for research: A broad practical approach. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum; 2005:.
17. HintzeJ.SteckerP. (2006). Data-based instructional decision making [Online PowerPoint presentation]. Retrieved from http://www.studentprogress.org/summer_institute/rti/DataBasedInstructionalDecisionMaking/DataBasedInstructionalDecisionMaking_powerpoint.ppt.
18. Hoaglin D. C.,Mosteller F.,Tukey J. W.New York, NY: John Wiley; 1983:.
19. Hodges J. L.,Lehmann E. L.The efficiency of some nonparametric competitors of the t-test.The Annals of Mathematical Statistics. 1956;27:324-335.
20. Hollander M.,Wolfe D. A.Nonparametric statistical methods. 1999). Nonparametric statistical methods (2nd ed.), New York, NY: John Wiley.New York, NY: John Wiley; 1999:.
21. Huberty C. J.,Lowman L. L.Group overlap as a basis for effect size.Educational and Psychological Measurement. 2000;60:543-563.
22. Johnstone I.,Velleman P. F.Efficient scores, variance decompositions, and Monte Carlo swindles.Journal of the American Statistical Association. 1985;80:851-862.
23. Kane M. T.Current concerns in validity theory.Journal of Educational Measurement. 2001;38:319-342.
24. Kazdin A. E.Single-case research designs: Methods for clinical and applied settings. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 1982:.
25. Kazdin A. E.Research design in clinical psychology. 2003). Research design in clinical psychology (4th ed.). Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon.Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon; 2003:.
26. Koenig C.Charting the future course of behavior. Kansas City, KS: Precision Media; 1972:.
27. KratochwillT. R.HitchcockJ.HornerR. H.LevinJ. R.OdomS. L.RindskopfD. M.ShadishW. R. (2010). Single-case designs technical documentation. Retrieved from http://ies.ed.gov/ncee/wwc/pdf/wwc_scd.pdf.
28. Lindsley O. R.Precision teaching's unique legacy from B. F. Skinner.Journal of Behavioral Education. 1991;1:253-266.
29. LowryR. (2011). Kappa as a measure of concordance in categorical sorting. [Web-based software]. Retrieved from http://faculty.vassar.edu/lowry/kappa.html.
30. Ma H. H.An alternative method for quantitative synthesis of single-subject research: Percentage of data points exceeding the median.Behavior Modification. 2006;30:598-617.
31. Nair K. R.,Srivastava M. P.On a simple method of curve fitting.Sankhayā: Indian Journal of Statistics. 1942;6:121-132.
32. O'Brien S.,Repp A. C.Reinforcement-based reductive procedures: A review of 20 years of their use with persons with severe or profound retardation.Journal of the Association for Persons With Severe Handicaps. 1990;15:148-159.
33. Orme J. G.Statistical conclusion validity for single-system designs.Social Service Review. 1991;65:468-491.
34. Parker R.,Stein M.,Tindal G.Estimating trend in progress monitoring data: A comparison of simple line-fitting methods.School Psychology Review. 1992;2:300-313.
35. Parker R. I.,Cryer J.,Byrns G.Controlling trend in single case research.School Psychology Quarterly. 2006;21:418-440.
36. Parker R. I.,Hagan-Burke S.Median-based overlap analysis for single case data: A second study.Behavior Modification. 2007;31:919-936.
37. Parker R. I.,Hagan-Burke S.,Vannest K. J.Percent of all non-overlapping data PAND: An alternative to PND.Journal of Special Education. 2007;40:194-204.
38. Parker R. I.,Vannest K. J.An improved effect size for single-case research: Nonoverlap of all pairs.Behavior Therapy. 2009;40:357-367.
39. Parker R. I.,Vannest K. J.,Brown L.The improvement rate difference for single case research.Exceptional Children. 2009;75:135-150.
40. Parker R. I.,Vannest K. J.,Davis J. L.Effect size in single case research: A review of nine non-overlap techniques.Behavior Modification. 2011;35 (4): 303-322.
41. Parker R. I.,Vannest K. J.,Davis J. L.Reliability for multi-category rating scales.Journal of School Psychology. in press;35:302-322.
42. Parker R. I.,Vannest K. J.,Davis J. L.,Sauber S. B.Combining non-overlap and trend for single case research: Tau-U.Behavior Therapy. 2011;42:284-299.
43. Parsonson B. S.,Baer D. M.Single subject research. Kratochwill T., ed. New York, NY: Academic Press; 1978:.
44. Pennypacker H. S.,Koenig C. H.,Lindsley O. R.Handbook of the standard behavior chart. Kansas City, KS: Precision Media; 1972:.
45. Scotti J. R.,Evans I. M.,Meyer L. H.,Walker P.A meta-analysis of intervention research with problem behavior: Treatment validity and standards of practice.American Journal on Mental Retardation. 1991;96:233-256.
46. Scruggs T. E.,Mastropieri M. A.The utility of the PND statistic: A reply to Allison and Gorman.Behavior, Research, and Therapy. 1994;32:879-883.
47. Scruggs T. E.,Mastropieri M. A.Summarizing single-subject research: Issues and applications.Behavior Modification. 1998;22:221-242.
48. Scruggs T. E.,Mastropieri M. A.,Casto G.The quantitative synthesis of single subject research: Methodology and validation.Remedial and Special Education. 1987;8:24-33.
49. Sen P. K.Estimates of the regression coefficient based on Kendall's tau.American Statistical Association Journal. 1968;63:1379-1389.
50. Sokal R. R.,Rohlf F. J.Biometry. New York, NY: W.H. Freeman; 1995:.
51. Swets J. A.Signal detection theory and ROC analysis in psychology and diagnostics: Collected papers. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum; 1995:.
52. SYSTAT (2008). Mystat Software (Version 11) [Computer software]. Retrieved from http://www.systat.com/.
53. Theil H.A rank-invariant method of linear and polynomial regression analysis, III.Proceedings of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen A. 1950;53:1397-1412.
54. Tukey J. W.Exploratory data analysis. Menlo Park, CA: Addison-Wesley; 1977:.
55. Wald A.The fitting of straight lines if both variables are subject to error.Annals of Mathematical Statistics. 1940;11:284-300.
56. WhiteO. R. (1974). The split middle: A quickie method of trend estimation (3rd rev.). Unpublished manuscript, University of Washington, Experimental Education Unit, Child Development and Mental Retardation Center, Seattle, WA.
57. White O. R.Precision teaching-Precision learning.Exceptional Children. 1986;52:522-534.
58. White O. R.,Haring N. G.Exceptional teaching. 1980). Exceptional teaching (2nd ed.). Columbus, OH: Merrill.Columbus, OH: Merrill; 1980:.
59. White O. R.,Rusch F. R.,Kazdin A. E.,Hartmann D. P.Applications of meta-analysis in individual subject research.Behavioral Assessment. 1989;11:281-296.
60. Wilcox R. R.Fundamentals of modern statistical methods: Substantially improving power and accuracy. 2010). Fundamentals of modern statistical methods: Substantially improving power and accuracy (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Springer.New York, NY: Springer; 2010:.
61. Wolery M.,Busick M.,Reichow B.,Barton E. E.Comparison of overlap methods for quantitatively synthesizing single-subject data.Journal of Special Education. 2010;44:18-28.
62. Ximenes V. M.,Manolov R.,Solanas A.,Quera V.Factors affecting visual inference in single-case designs.Spanish Journal of Psychology. 2009;12:823-832.