Dramatic enhancement of fullerene anion formation in polymer solar cells by thermal annealing: Direct observation by electron spin resonance

Applied Physics Letters

Volumn 104, Issue 24, 2014, Pages

  Liu, Dong ^a   Nagamori, Tatsuya ^a   Yabusaki, Masaki ^a   Yasuda, Takeshi ^b   Han, Liyuan ^b   Marumoto, Kazuhiro ^a,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TSUKUBA   (Japan)

^b NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR MATERIALS SCIENCE   (Japan)

^c JAPAN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AGENCY   (Japan)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALUMINUM; BUFFER LAYERS; BUTYRIC ACID; CHARGE TRANSFER; ELECTRON SCATTERING; ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRON TRANSPORT PROPERTIES; ELECTROSPINNING; FLUORINE COMPOUNDS; INDIUM COMPOUNDS; LITHIUM FLUORIDE; MAGNETIC MOMENTS; NEGATIVE IONS; POLYMER SOLAR CELLS; QUARTZ; SPIN DYNAMICS; SURFACE SEGREGATION; TIN OXIDES;

DEVICE PERFORMANCE; DIRECT OBSERVATIONS; EFFICIENCY DEGRADATION; ENERGY LEVEL SHIFT; POLY(4-STYRENESULFONATE); POLY-3 ,4-ETHYLENEDIOXYTHIOPHENE; THERMAL ANNEALING PROCESS; THERMAL-ANNEALING;

ANNEALING;

EID: 84903160679     PISSN: 00036951     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1063/1.4883858     Document Type: Article

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