Formation of metastable charges as a first step in photoinduced degradation in π-conjugated polymer:fullerene blends for photovoltaic applications

Organic Electronics

Volumn 12, Issue 10, 2011, Pages 1657-1662

  Aguirre, A ^a   Meskers, S C J ^a   Janssen, R A J ^a   Egelhaaf, H J ^b  

^a EINDHOVEN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Netherlands)

^b Konarka Technologies GmbH   (Germany)

Author keywords

Charge transfer; Degradation; Organic photovoltaics; Photo oxidation

Indexed keywords

CHARGE TRANSFER; DEGRADATION; ELECTRIC CHARGE; ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; FULLERENES; MOLECULAR OXYGEN; PARAMAGNETIC RESONANCE; PHOTODEGRADATION; POLYMER BLENDS; POLYMER FILMS; POLYMER SOLAR CELLS; POSITIVE IONS; SOLAR CELLS;

CHEMICAL INTERACTIONS; ELECTRON ACCEPTOR; ELECTRON PARAMAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; ORGANIC PHOTOVOLTAICS; PHOTO-INDUCED CHARGE; PHOTOINDUCED CHANGE; PHOTOINDUCED DEGRADATION; PHOTOVOLTAIC APPLICATIONS;

CONJUGATED POLYMERS;

EID: 79960283231     PISSN: 15661199     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.orgel.2011.06.020     Document Type: Article

References (26)

1. Y.Y. Liang, Z. Xu, J.B. Xia, S.T. Tsai, Y. Wu, G. Li, C. Ray, and L.P. Yu For the Bright future - bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells with power conversion efficiency of 7.4% Adv. Mater. 22 2010 E135 E138
2. H.Y. Chen, J.H. Hou, S.Q. Zhang, Y.Y. Liang, G.W. Yang, Y. Yang, L.P. Yu, Y. Wu, and G. Li Polymer solar cells with enhanced open-circuit voltage and efficiency Nat. Photon. 3 2009 649 653
3. M.A. Green, K. Emery, Y. Hishikawa, W. Warta, Solar cell efficiency tables (version 37), Prog. Photovolt: Res. Appl. 19 (2011) 84-92, 10.1002/pip.1088
4. M. Jørgensen, K. Norrman, and F.C. Krebs Stability/degradation of polymer solar cells Sol. Energy. Mater. Sol. Cells 92 2008 686 714
5. X. Yang, J.K.J. van Duren, R.A.J. Janssen, M.A.J. Michels, and J. Loos Morphology and thermal stability of the active layer in poly(p- phenylenevinylene)/methanofullerene plastic photovoltaic devices Macromolecules 37 2004 2151 2158
6. B. Paci, A. Generosi, V.R. Albertini, R. Generosi, P. Perfetti, R. de Bettignies, and C. Sentein Time-resolved morphological study of bulk heterojunction films for efficient organic solar devices J. Phys. Chem. C 112 2008 9931 9936
7. K. Kawano, R. Pacios, D. Poplavskyy, J. Nelson, D.D.C. Bradley, and J.R. Durrant Degradation of organic solar cells due to air exposure Sol. Energy. Mater. Sol. Cells 90 2006 3520 3530
8. M.O. Reese, A.J. Morfa, M.S. White, N. Kopidakis, S.E. Shaheen, G. Rumbles, and D.S. Ginley Pathways for the degradation of organic photovoltaic P3HT:PCBM based devices Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 92 2008 746 752
9. M.O. Reese Consensus stability testing protocols for organic photovoltaic materials and devices Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 95 2011 1253 1267
10. L. Lüer, H.J. Egelhaaf, D. Oelkrug, G. Cerullo, G. Lanzani, B.H. Huisman, and D. de Leeuw Oxygen-induced quenching of photoexcited states in polythiophene films Org. Electron. 5 2004 83 89
11. E.J. Meijer, A.V.G. Mangnus, B.H. Huisman, G.W. 't Hooft, D.M. de Leeuw, and T.M. Klapwijk Photoimpedance spectroscopy of poly(3-hexyl thiophene) metal-insulator-semiconductor diodes Synth. Met. 142 2004 53 56
12. J. Schafferhans, A. Baumann, A. Wagenpfahl, C. Deibel, and V. Dyakonov Oxygen doping of P3HT:PCBM blends: influence on trap states, charge carrier mobility and solar cell performance Org. Electron. 11 2010 1693 1700
13. M.O. Reese, A.M. Nardes, B.A. Rupert, R.E. Larsen, D.C. Olson, M.T. Lloyd, S. Shaheen, D.S. Ginley, G. Rumbles, and N. Kopidakis Photoinduced degradation of polymer and polymer-fullerene active layers: experiment and theory Adv. Funct. Mater. 20 2010 3476 3483
14. D.M. Taylor, H.L. Gomes, A.E. Underhill, S. Edge, and P.I. Clemenson Effect of oxygen on the electrical characteristics of field effect transistors formed from electrochemically deposited films of poly(3-methylthiophene) J. Phys. D 24 1991 2032 2038
15. M. Sandberg, S. Tanaka, and K. Kaeriyama Photo-oxidation of freely suspended submicron films of poly(3-nonylthiophene) Polymer 35 1994 468 474
16. H. Hintz, H.-J. Egelhaaf, H. Peisert, and T. Chassé Photo-oxidation and ozonization of poly(3-hexylthiophene) thin films as studied by UV/VIS and photoelectron spectroscopy Polym. Degrad. Stab. 95 2010 818 825
17. A. Seemann, T. Sauermann, C. Lungenschmied, O. Armbruster, S. Bauer, H.J. Egelhaaf, and J. Hauch Reversible and irreversible degradation of organic solar cell performance by oxygen Solar Energy 85 2011 1238 1249 10.1016/j.solener. 2010.09.007
18. H. Hintz, H.-J. Egelhaaf, L. Lüer, J. Hauch, H. Peisert, and T. Chassé Photodegradation of P3HT - A systematic study of environmental factors Chem. Mater. 23 2011 145 154
19. J. Peet, J.Y. Kim, N.E. Coates, W.L. Ma, D. Moses, A.J. Heeger, and G.C. Bazan Efficiency enhancement in low-bandgap polymer solar cells by processing with alkane dithiols Nat. Mater. 6 2007 497 500
20. M. Manceau, A. Rivaton, J.L. Gardette, S. Guillerez, and N. Lemaître The mechanism of photo - and thermooxidation of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) reconsidered Polym. Degrad. Stabil. 94 2009 898 907
21. T. Drori, J. Holt, and Z.V. Vardeny Optical studies of the charge transfer complex in polythiophene/fullerene blends for organic photovoltaic applications Phys. Rev. B 82 2010 075207/1 8
22. 60 composites by infrared photoexcitation spectroscopy Phys. Rev. B 49 1994 5781 5784
23. R. Beringer, and J.G. Castle Microwave magnetic resonance absorption in oxygen Phys. Rev. 75 1949 1963
24. M.S.A. Abdou, F.P. Orfino, Y. Son, and S. Holdcroft Interaction of oxygen with conjugated polymers: Charge transfer complex formation with poly(3-alkylthiophenes) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 119 1997 4518 4524
25. E. Baciocchi, T. Del Giacco, and F. Elisei Proton-transfer reactions of alkylaromatic cation radicals. The effect of (α-substituents on the kinetic acidity of p-methoxytoluene cation radicals J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115 1993 12290 12295
26. I. Dzidic, D.I. Carroll, R.N. Stillwell, and E.C. Homing Gas phase reactions. Ionization by proton transfer to superoxide anions J. Am. Chem. Soc. 96 1974 5258 5259