End-of-life care: Issues relevant to the geriatric psychiatrist

American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry

Volumn 12, Issue 5, 2004, Pages 457-472

  Lyness, Jeffrey M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANXIETY DISORDER; CHRONIC DISEASE; DEATH; DELIRIUM; DEMENTIA; DEPRESSION; EMOTIONAL DISORDER; EMPIRICAL RESEARCH; EUTHANASIA; FAMILY; FAMILY THERAPY; GERONTOPSYCHIATRY; HUMAN; PAIN; PATIENT CARE; PHYSICAL DISEASE; PSYCHIATRIST; QUALITY OF LIFE; REVIEW; SEDATION; SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; TERMINAL CARE; UNITED STATES;

EID: 84903148315     PISSN: 10647481     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00019442-200409000-00004     Document Type: Review

References (150)

1. Smith R: A good death, an important aim for health services and for us all. BMJ 2000; 320:129-130
2. Quill TE, Brody RV: "You promised me I wouldn't die like this!" a bad death as a medical emergency. Arch Intern Med 1995; 155:1250-1254
3. Neuberger J: Dying Well: A Guide To Enabling A Good Death. Cheshire, UK, Hochland and Hochland, 1999
4. Blackburn A: Care of dying patients in hospital: why care of the dying is still poor. BMJ 1994; 309:1579
5. Institute of Medicine Committee on Care at the End of Life: A profile on death and dying in America, in Approaching Death: Improving Care At The End Of Life. Edited by Field MJ, Cassel CK. Washington, DC, National Academy Press, 1997, pp 33-49
6. Clark D: Between hope and acceptance: the medicalisation of dying. BMJ 2002; 324:905-907
7. Seidlitz L, Duberstein PR, Cox C, et al: Attitudes of older people toward suicide and assisted suicide: an analysis of Gallup Poll findings. J Am Geriatr Soc 1995; 43:995-998
8. Lunney JR, Lynn J, Hogan C: Profiles of Medicare decedents. J Am Geriatr Soc 2002; 50:1108-1112
9. Hogan C, Lynn J, Gabel J, et al: Medicare beneficiaries' costs and use of care in the last year of life. Washington, DC, Medicare Payment Advisory Commission, 2000 (http://www.medicaring.org/educate/download/medpac.doc)
10. Lynn J: Measuring quality of care at the end of life: a statement of principles. J Am Geriatr Soc 1997; 45:526-527
11. Tilden VP, Tolle S, Drach L, et al: Measurement of quality of care and quality of life at the end of life. Gerontologist 2002; 42(special issue III):71-80
12. Wenger NS, Rosenfeld K: Quality indicators for end-of-life care in vulnerable elders. Ann Intern Med 2001; 135:677-685
13. Breitbart W, Chochinov HM, Passik S: Psychiatric aspects of palliative care, in Oxford Textbook Of Palliative Medicine, 2nd Edition. Edited by Doyle D, Hanks GWC, MacDonald N. New York, Oxford University Press, 1998, pp 933-954
14. Chochinov HM: Psychiatry and terminal illness. Can J Psychiatry 2000; 45:143-150
15. Shuster JL, Breitbart W, Chochinov HM, et al: Psychiatric aspects of excellent end-of-life care. Psychosomatics 1999; 40:1-4
16. Doyle D, Hanks GWC, MacDonald N (eds): Oxford Textbook Of Palliative Medicine, 2nd Edition. New York, Oxford University Press, 1998
17. Snyder L, Quill TE (eds): Physician's Guide To End-Of-Life Care. Philadelphia, PA, American College of Physicians/American Society of Internal Medicine, 2001
18. Kinzbrunner BM, Weinreb NJ, Policzer JS (eds): 20 Common Problems In End-Of-Life Care. New York, McGraw-Hill, 2002
19. Larson DG, Tobin DR: End-of-life conversations: evolving practice and theory. JAMA 2000; 284:1573-1578
20. Covinsky KE, Eng C, Lui LY, et al: The last two years of life: functional trajectories of frail older people. J Am Geriatr Soc 2003; 51:492-498
21. Dickinson GE, Field D: Teaching end-of-life issues: current status in United Kingdom and United States medical schools. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2002; 19:181-186
22. Ury WA, Rahn M, Tolentino V: Can a pain-management and palliative-care curriculum improve the opioid prescribing practices of medical residents? J Gen Intern Med 2002; 17:625-631
23. Wenger NS, Phillips RS, Teno JM, et al: Physician understanding of patient resuscitation preferences: insights and clinical applications. J Am Geriatr Soc 2000; 48(5suppl):S44-S51
24. Lo B, Quill T, Tulsky J: Discussing palliative care with patients. Ann Intern Med 1999; 130:744-749
25. Fried TR, Bradley EH, Towle VR, et al: Understanding the treatment preferences of seriously ill patients. N Engl J Med 2002; 346:1061-1066
26. Quill TE: Initiating end-of-life discussions with seriously ill patients: addressing the "elephant in the room." JAMA 2000; 284:2502-2507
27. Cassel EJ: The Nature Of Suffering And The Goals Of Medicine. New York, Oxford University Press, 1991
28. Quill TE, Cassel CK: Nonabandonment: a central obligation for physicians. Ann Intern Med 1995; 122:368-374
29. Kagawa-Singer M, Blackball LJ: Negotiating cross-cultural issues at the end of life: "You got to go where he lives." JAMA 2001; 286:2993-3001
30. Rosen EJ: Families Facing Death: A Guide For Healthcare Professionals And Volunteers. San Francisco, CA, Jossey-Bass, Inc., 1998
31. Lo B, Ruston D, Kates LW, et al: Discussing religious and spiritual issues at the end of life, a practical guide for physicians. JAMA 2002; 287:749-754
32. Chochinov HM: Dignity-conserving care: a new model for palliative care. JAMA 2002; 287:2253-2260
33. Chochinov HM, Hack T, McClement X, et al: Dignity in the terminally ill: a developing empirical model. Soc Sci Med 2002; 54:433-443
34. Nguyen VD, Weinreb NJ: How to inform the patient: conveying bad news, in 20 Common Problems In End-Of-Life Care. Edited by Kinzbrunner BM, Weinreb NJ, Policzer JS. New York, McGraw-Hill, 2002, pp 47-56
35. Quill TE, Townsend P: Bad news: delivery, dialogue, and dilemmas. Arch Intern Med 1991; 151:463-468
36. Tsevat J, Dawson NV, Wu AW, et al: Health values of hospitalized patients 80 years or older. JAMA 1998; 279:371-375
37. Murphy DJ, Burrows B, Santilli S, et al: The influence of the probability of survival on patients' preferences regarding cardiopulmonary resuscitation. N Engl J Med 330:545-549
38. Weeks JC, Cook EF, O'Day SJ, et al: Relationship between cancer patients' predictions of prognosis and their treatment preferences. JAMA 1998; 279:1709-1714
39. Quill TE, Arnold RM, Platt F: "I wish things were different:" expressing wishes in response to loss, futility, and unrealistic hopes. Ann Intern Med 2001; 135:551-555
40. Salerno E, Willens JS (eds): Pain Management Handbook, An Interdisciplinary Approach. St. Louis, Mosby, 1996
41. World Health Organization Expert Committee: Cancer Pain Relief And Palliative Care. Geneva, WHO, 1990
42. Bruera E, Portenoy R (eds): Cancer Pain: Assessment And Management. Cambridge, UK, Cambridge University Press, 2003
43. Lynn J, Schuster JL, Kabcenell A: Improving Care For The End Of Life. A Sourcebook For Health Care Managers And Clinicians. Oxford, UK, Oxford University Press, 2000, pp 37-58
44. Abrahm JL: Management of pain and spinal cord compression in patients with advanced cancer, in Physician's Guide To End-Of-Life Care. Edited by Snyder L, Quill TE. Philadelphia, PA, American College of Physicians/American Society of Internal Medicine, 2001
45. Dahl JL: Effective pain management in terminal care. Clin Geriatr Med 1996; 12:279-300
46. Weinreb NJ, Kinzbrunner B, Clark M: Pain management, in 20 Common Problems In End-Of-Life Care. Edited by Kinzbrunner BM, Weinreb NJ, Policzer JS. New York, McGraw-Hill, 2002, pp 91-145
47. Rawlins MD: Non-opioid analgesics, in Oxford Textbook Of Palliative Medicine, 2nd Edition. Edited by Doyle D, Hanks GWC, MacDonald N. New York, Oxford University Press, 1998, pp 355-360
48. Enck RE: Understanding and managing bone metastases. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 1991; 8:3-4
49. Hanks GW: The pharmacological treatment of bone pain. Cancer Surv 1988; 7:87-101
50. Watanabe S, Bruera E: Corticosteroids as adjuvant analgesics. J Pain Symptom Manage 1994; 9:442-445
51. Major PP, Cook R: Efficacy of biphosphonates in the management of skeletal complications of bone metastases and selection of clinical endpoints. Am J Clin Oncol 2002; 25(suppl1):S10-S18
52. Mystakidou K, Befon S, Hondros K, et al: Continuous subcutaneous administration of high-dose salmon calcitonin in bone metastasis: pain control and beta-endorphin plasma levels. J Pain Symptom Manage 1999; 18:323-330
53. Sindrup SH, Jensen TS: Efficacy of pharmacological treatments of neuropathic pain: an update and effect related to mechanism of drug action. Pain 1999; 83:389-400
54. McQuay HJ, Tramer M, Nye BA, et al: A systematic review of antidepressants in neuropathic pain. Pain 1996; 68:217-227
55. Semenchuk MR, Sherman S, Davis B: Double-blind, randomized trial of bupropion SR for the treatment of neuropathic pain. Neurology 2001; 57:1583-1588
56. Tasmuth T, Hartel B, Kalso E: Venlafaxine in neuropathic pain following treatment of breast cancer. Eur J Pain 2002; 6:17-24
57. Brannon GE, Stone KD: The use of mirtazapine in a patient with chronic pain. J Pain Symptom Manage 1999; 18:382-385
58. Theobald DE, Kirsh KL, Holtsclaw E, et al: An open-label, crossover trial of mirtazapine (15 and 30 mg) in cancer patients with pain and other distressing symptoms. J Pain Symptom Manage 2002; 23:442-447
59. Wiffen P, Collins S, McQuay H, et al: Anticonvulsant drugs for acute and chronic pain. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2003
60. Uhle EI, Becker R, Gatscher S, et al: Continuous intrathecal clonidine nidine administration for the treatment of neuropathic pain. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 2000; 75:167-175
61. Tanelian DL, Brose WG: Neuropathic pain can he relieved by drugs that are use-dependent sodium channel-blockers: lidocaine, carbamazepine, and mexiletine. Anesthesiology 1991; 74:949-951
62. Fromm GH: Baclofen as an adjuvant analgesic. J Pain Symptom Manage 1994; 9:500-509
63. Pud D, Eisenberg E, Spitzer A, et al: The NMDA receptor-antagonist amantadine reduces surgical neuropathic pain in cancer patients: a double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Pain 1998; 75:349-354
64. Felsby S, Nielson J, Arendt-Nielson L, et al: NMDA receptor blockade in chronic neuropathic pain: a comparison of ketamine and magnesium chloride. Pain 1995; 64:283
65. Rummans TA: Nonopioid agents for treatment of acute and sub-acute pain. Mayo Clin Proc 1994; 69:481-490
66. Bruera E, Breineis C, Paterson AH, et al: Use of methylphenidate as an adjuvant to narcotic analgesics in patients with advanced cancer. J Pain Symptom Manage 1989; 4:3-6
67. Wilwerding MB, Loprinzi CL, Mailliard JA, et al: A randomized, crossover evaluation of methylphenidate in cancer patients receiving strong narcotics. Support Care Cancer 1995; 3:135-138
68. Courts NF: Nonpharmacologic approaches to pain, in Pain Management Handbook: An Interdisciplinary Approach. Edited by Salerno E, Willens JS. St. Louis, MO, Mosby, 1996
69. Urba SG: Nonpharmacologic pain management in terminal care. Clin Geriatr Med 1996; 12:301-311
70. Caine ED, Lyness JM, King DA: Reconsidering depression in the elderly. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 1993; 1:4-20
71. Katz IR: On the inseparability of mental and physical health in aged persons: lessons from depression and medical comorbidity. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 1996; 4:1-16
72. Koenig HG, George LK, Pcterson BL, et al: Depression in medically ill, hospitalized older adults: prevalence, characteristics, and course of symptoms according to six diagnostic schemes. Am J Psychiatry 1997; 154:1376-1383
73. Lyness JM, Bruce ML, Koenig HG, et al: Depression and medical illness in late life: report of a symposium. J Am Geriatr Soc 1996; 44:198-203
74. Block SD: Assessing and managing depression in the terminally ill patient. Ann Intern Med 2000; 132:209-218
75. Judd LL, Akiskal HS, Paulus MP: The role and significance of subsyndromal depressive symptoms (SSD) in unipolar major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 1997; 45:5-18
76. Kendler KS, Gardner CO Jr: Boundaries of major depression: an evaluation of DSM-IV criteria. Am J Psychiatry 1998; 155:172-177
77. Lyness JM, King DA, Cox C, et al: The importance of subsyndromal depression in older primary care patients: prevalence and associated functional disability. J Am Geriatr Soc 1999; 47:647-652
78. Flint AJ: The complexity and challenge of non-major depression in late life. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2002; 10:229-232
79. Bukberg J, Penman D, Holland JC: Depression in hospitalized cancer patients. Psychosom Med 1984; 46:199-212
80. Chochinov HM, Wilson KG, Enns M, et al: Prevalence of depression in the terminally ill: effects of diagnostic criteria and symptom threshold judgments. Am J Psychiatry 1994; 151:537-540
81. Kathol RG, Mutgi A, Williams J, et al: Diagnosis of major depression in cancer patients according to four sets of criteria. Am J Psychiatry 1990; 147:1021-1024
82. Derogatis LR, Marrow GR, Petting J, et al: The prevalence of psychiatric chiatric disorders among cancer patients. JAMA 1983; 249:751-757
83. Lloyd-Williams M, Friedman T, Rudd N: Criterion validation of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale as a screening tool for depression in patients with advanced metastatic cancer. J Pain Symptom Manage 2000; 20:259-265
84. Lloyd-Williams M: Is it appropriate to screen palliative care patients for depression? Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2002; 19:112-114
85. Chochinov HM, Wilson KG, Enns M, et al: "Are you depressed?" screening for depression in the terminally ill. Am J Psychiatry 1997; 154:674-676
86. Ramasubhu R: Relationship between depression and cerebrovascular disease: conceptual issues. J Affect Disord 2000; 57:1-11
87. Lyness JM, Caine ED: Vascular disease and depression: models of the interplay between psychopathology and medical comorbidity, in Physical Illness and Depression in Older Adults: A Handbook of Theory, Research, and Practice. Edited by Williamson GM, Shaffer DR, Parmelee PA. New York, Kluwer Academic/Plenum, 2000, pp 31-49
88. Ballenger JC, Davidson JR, Lecrubrier Y, et al: Consensus statement on depression, anxiety, and oncology. J Clin Psychiatry 2001; 62(suppl8):64-67
89. Chochinov HM, Tataryn D, Clinch JJ, et al: Will to live in the terminally ill. Lancet 1999; 354:816-819
90. Breitbart W, Rosenfeld B, Pessin H, et al: Depression, hopelessness, and desire for hastened death in terminally ill patients with cancer. JAMA 2000; 284:2907-2911
91. Lebowitz BD, Pearson JL, Schneider LS, et al: Diagnosis and treatment of depression in later life: Consensus Statement Update. JAMA 1997; 278:1186-1190
92. Lyness JM, Caine ED, King DA, et al: Depressive disorders and symptoms in older primary care patients, one-year outcomes. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2002; 10:275-282
93. Cole BE: The psychiatric management of end-of-life pain and associated psychiatric comorbidity. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2003; 7:89-97
94. Krishnan KR, DeLong M, Kraemer H, et al: Comorbidity of depression with other medical diseases in the elderly. Biol Psychiatry 2002; 52:559-588
95. Satel SL, Nelson CJ: Stimulants in the treatment of depression: a critical overview. J Clin Psychiatry 1989; 50:241-249
96. Burns MM, Eisendrath SJ: Dextroamphetamine treatment for depression in terminally ill patients. Psychosomatics 1994; 35:80-82
97. Homsi J, Walsh D, Nelson KA: Methylphenidate for depression in hospice practice: a case series. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2000; 17:393-398
98. Sarhill N, Walsh D, Nelson KA, et al: Methylphenidate for fatigue in advanced cancer: a prospective open-label pilot study. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2001; 18:187-192
99. Macleod AD: Methylphenidate in terminal depression. J Pain Symptom Manage 1998; 16:193-198
100. Cox JM, Pappagallo M: Modafinil: a gift to portmanteau. Am J Hosp Pallliat Care 2001; 18:408-410
101. Conwell Y, Pearson JL: Theme issue: suicidal behaviors in older adults. Am J Geriat Psychiatry 2002; 10:359-361
102. Chochinov HM, Wilson KG, Enns M, et al: Depression, hopelessness, and suicidal ideation in the terminally ill. Psychosomatics 1998; 39:366-370
103. Bolund C: Suicide and cancer, II: medical and care factors in suicide by cancer patients in Sweden, 1973-1976. J Psychosoc Oncol 1985; 3:17-30
104. Holland JC: Anxiety and cancer: the patient and family. J Clin Psychiatry 1989; 50:20-25
105. Kelly B, Burnett P, Pelusi D, et al: Factors associated with the wish to hasten death: a study of patients with terminal illness. Psychol Med 2003; 33:75-81
106. Johnson TA, McDonagh TA, Harkness A, et al: Morphine for the relief of breathlessness in patients with chronic heart failure: a pilot study. Eur J Heart Fail 2002; 4:753-756
107. Bruera E, MacMillan K, Pither J, et al: Effects of morphine on the dyspnea of terminal cancer patients. J Pain Symptom Manage 1990; 5:341-344
108. Zuehlke TE, Watkins JT: The use of psychotherapy with dying patients: an exploratory study. J Clin Psychol 1975; 31:729-732
109. Massie MJ, Holland JC, Straker N: Psychotherapeutic interventions, in Handbook of Psycho-Oncology: Psychological Care of the Patient With Cancer. Edited by Holland JC, Rowland JH. New York, Oxford University Press, 1989, pp 455-469
110. Lawlor PG, Bruera ED: Delirium in patients with advanced cancer. Hematol Oncol Clin N Am 2002; 16:701-714
111. Casarett DJ, Inouye SK: Diagnosis and management of delirium near the end of life. Ann Intern Med 2001; 135:32-40
112. Schwartz TL, Masand PS: The role of atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of delirium. Psychosomatics 2002; 43:171-174
113. Block SD: Psychological considerations, growth, and transcendence at the end of life, the art of the possible. JAMA 2001; 285:2898-2905
114. King DA, Kim SYH, Conwell Y: Family matters: a social system perspective on physician-assisted suicide and the older adult. Psychol Public Policy Law 2000; 6:434-451
115. King DA, Shields CG, Wynne LG: Interventions and consultation with families of older adults, in Kaplan and Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook Of Psychiatry, 7th Edition. Edited by Sadock BJ, Sadock VA. Philadelphia, PA, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2000, pp 3122-3127
116. Prigerson HG, Shear MK, Jacobs SC, et al: Consensus criteria for traumatic grief, a preliminary empirical test. Br J Psychiatry 1999; 174:560-561
117. Grisso T, Appelbaum PS: Assessing Competence to Consent to Treatment: A Guide for Physicians and Other Health Professionals. New York, Oxford University Press, 1998
118. Kim SYH, Karlawish JH, Caine ED: Current state of research on decision-making competence of cognitively impaired older persons. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2002; 10:151-165
119. Drane JF: Competency to give an informed consent: a model for making clinical assessments. JAMA 1984; 252:925-927
120. Buchanan AE, Brock DW: Competence and incompetence, in Deciding for Others: The Ethics of Surrogate Decision-Making. New York, Cambridge University Press, 1989, pp 17-86
121. Vig EK, Davenport NA, Pearlman RA: Good deaths, bad deaths, and preferences for the end of life: a qualitative study of geriatric outpatients. J Am Geriatr Soc 2002; 50:1541-1548
122. Quill TE, Lo B, Brock DW: Palliative options of last resort, a comparison of voluntarily stopping eating and drinking, terminal sedation, physician-assisted suicide, and voluntary active euthanasia. JAMA 1997; 278:2099-2104
123. Printz LA: Terminal dehydration, a compassionate treatment. Arch Intern Med 1992; 152:697-700
124. McCann R: Lack of evidence about tube feeding: food for thought. JAMA 1999; 282:1380-1381
125. Finucane TE, Christmas C, Travis K: Tube-feeding in patients with advanced dementia: a review of the evidence. JAMA 1999; 282:1365-1370
126. Weissman DE: Feeding tubes at end-of-life: the lack of physician leadership. J Palliat Med 2000; 3:1-3
127. Meisel A, Snyder L, Quill TE: Legal barriers to end-of-life care: myths, realities, and grains of truth, in Physician's Guide To End-Of-Life Care. Edited by Snyder L, Quill TE. Philadelphia, PA, American College of Physicians/American Society of Internal Medicine, 2001
128. Cowan JD, Walsh D: Terminal sedation in palliative medicine: definition and review of the literature. Support Care Cancer 2001; 9:403-407
129. Cherny NI, Portenoy RK: Sedation in the management of refractory symptoms: guidelines for evaluation and treatment. J Palliat Care 1994; 10:31-38
130. Quill TE, Byock IR: Responding to intractable terminal suffering: the role of terminal sedation and voluntary refusal of food and fluids. Ann Intern Med 2000; 132:408-414
131. Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs, American Medical Association: Decisions near the end of life. JAMA 1992; 276:2229-2233
132. Foley KM: Competent care for the dying instead of physician-assisted suicide. N Engl J Med 1997; 336:54-58
133. Quill TE: The ambiguity of clinical intentions. N Engl J Med 1993; 329:1039-1040
134. Foley K, Hendin H (eds): The Case Against Assisted Suicide. For The Right To End-Of-Life Care. Baltimore, MD, Johns Hopkins University Press, 2002
135. Quill TE, Cassel CK, Meier DK: Care of the hopelessly ill: proposed clinical criteria for physician-assisted suicide. N Engl J Med 1992; 327:1380-1384
136. Lyness JM: book review of The Case Against Assisted Suicide. N Engl J Med 2002; 347:541
137. Ganzini L, Nelson HD, Schmidt TA, et al: Physicians' experiences with the Oregon Death With Dignity Act. N Engl J Med 2000; 342:557-563
138. Steinbrook R: Physician-assisted suicide in Oregon: an uncertain future. N Engl J Med 2002; 346:460-464
139. Veldink JH, Wokke JHJ, van der Wal G, et al: Euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide among patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in the Netherlands. N Engl J Med 2002; 346:1638-1644
140. Groenewoud JH, van der Heide A, Onwuteaka-Philipsen BD, et al: Clinical problems with the performance of euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide in the Netherlands. N Engl J Med 2000; 342:551-556
141. Quill TE, Meier DE, Block SD, et al: The debate over physician-assisted suicide: empirical data and convergent views. Ann Intern Med 1998; 128:552-558
142. Ganzini L, Lee MA, Heintz RT, et al: The effect of depression treatment on elderly patients' preferences for life-sustaining medical therapy. Am J Psychiatry 1994; 151:1631-1636
143. Block SD, Billings JA: Patient requests for euthanasia and assisted suicide in terminal illness, the role of the psychiatrist. Psychosomatics 1995; 36:445-457
144. Conwell Y, Caine ED: Rational suicide and the right to die: reality and myth. N Engl J Med 1991; 325:1100-1103
145. Hurley AC, Volicer L: Alzheimer Disease: "It's okay, Mama, if you want to go, it's okay". JAMA 2002; 288:2324-2331
146. Michel JP, Pautex S, Zekry D, et al: End-of-life care of persons with dementia. J Gerontol 2002; 57:M640-M644
147. Grossberg GT, Desai AK: Management of Alzheimer's disease. J Gerontol 2003; 58A:331-353
148. Evers MM, Purohit D, Perl D, et al: Palliative and aggressive end-of-life care for patients with dementia. Psychiatr Serv 2002; 53:609-613
149. Karlawish JHT, Quill T, Meier DE: A consensus-based approach to providing palliative care to patients who lack decision-making capacity. Ann Intern Med 1999; 130:835-840
150. Charney DS, Reynolds CF III, Lewis L, et al: Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance consensus statement on the unmet needs in diagnosis and treatment of mood disorders in late life. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2003; 60:664-672