Concentration of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in foods and its dietary exposure in China

International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health

Volumn 217, Issue 6, 2014, Pages 695-701

  Sui, Hai Xia ^a   Zhang, Lei ^a   Wu, Ping Gu ^b   Song, Yan ^a   Yong, Ling ^a   Yang, Da Jin ^a   Jiang, Ding Guo ^a   Liu, Zhao Ping ^a  

^a CHINA NATIONAL CENTER FOR FOOD SAFETY RISK ASSESSMENT   (China)

^b ZHEJIANG PROVINCIAL CENTER FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION   (China)

Author keywords

Chinese population; DEHP; Risk assessment

Indexed keywords

PHTHALIC ACID BIS(2 ETHYLHEXYL) ESTER; PLASTICIZER; POLLUTANT;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; ANALYSIS; CHILD; CHINA; DIET; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; FOOD CONTAMINATION; HUMAN; MIDDLE AGED; POLLUTANT; PRESCHOOL CHILD; YOUNG ADULT;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; CHINA; DIET; DIETHYLHEXYL PHTHALATE; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS; FOOD CONTAMINATION; HUMANS; MIDDLE AGED; PLASTICIZERS; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84902778346     PISSN: 14384639     EISSN: 1618131X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2014.02.006     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Akingbemi B.T., Ge R., Klinefelter G.R., Zirkin B.R., Hardy M.P. Phthalate-induced Leydig cell hyperplasia is associated with multiple endocrine disturbances. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2004, 101:775-780.
2. Andrade A.J., Grande S.W., Talsness C.E., Gericke C., Grote K., Golombiewski A., Sterner-Kock A., Chahoud I. A dose response study following in utero and lactational exposure to di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP): reproductive effects on adult male offspring rats. Toxicology 2006, 228:85-97.
3. ATSDR Toxicological profile for di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate 2002, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Public Health Service.
4. Blount B.C., Silva M.J., Caudill S.P., Needham L.L., Pirkle J.L., Sampson E.J., Lucier G.W., Jackson R.J., Brock J.W. Levels of seven urinary phthalate metabolites in a human reference population. Environ. Health Perspect. 2000, 108:979-982.
5. Bosgra S., Bos P., Vermeire T., Luit R., Slob W. Probablistic risk characterization: an example with di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 2005, 43:104-111.
6. Carbone S., Ponzo O.J., Gobetto N., Samaniego Y.A., Reynoso R., Scacchi P., Moguilevsky J.A., Cutrera R. Antiandrogenic effect of perinatal exposure to the endocrine disruptor di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate increases anxiety-like behavior in male rats during sexual maturation. Horm. Behav. 2013, 63:692-699.
7. Carpenter C.P., Weil C.S., Smyth H.F. Chronic oral toxicity of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate for rats and guinea pigs. AMA Arch. Ind. Hyg. Occup. Med. 1953, 8:219-226.
8. David R.M., Moore M.R., Finney D.C., Guest D. Chronic toxicity of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate in rats. Toxicol. Sci. 2000, 55:433-443.
9. ECB Bis(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate Risk Assessment, Draft of March 2006 2006, European Communities, European Chemicals Bureau.
10. EFSA (European Food Safety Authority) Opinion of the scientific panel on food additives, flavouring, processing aids and material in contact with food on a request from the Commission related to bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) for use in food contact materials. EFSA J. 2005, 243:1-20.
11. FDA U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Safety Assessment of Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) Released from PVC Medical Devices. Center for Devices and Radiological Health 2002, http://www.fda.gov/downloads/MedicalDevices/DeviceRegulationandGuidance/GuidanceDocuments/UCM080457.pdf (accessed 12.09.09).
12. Fierens T., Vanermen G., Van-Holderbeke M., De-Henauw S., Sioen I. Effect of cooking at home on the levels of eight phthalates in foods. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2012, 50:4428-4435.
13. Fromme H., Gruber L., Schlummer M., Wolz G., Böhmer S., Angerer J., Mayer R., Liebl B., Bolte G. Intake of phthalates and di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate: results of the Integrated Exposure Assessment Survey based on duplicate diet samples and biomonitoring data. Environ. Int. 2007, 33:1012-1020.
14. GB/T 21911-2008. Determination of phthalate esters in foods. China national food safety standard.
15. Grande S.W., Andrade A.J., Talsness C.E., Grote K., Golombiewski A., Sterner-Kock A., Chahoud I. A dose-response study following in utero and lactational exposure to di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP): reproductive effects on adult female offspring rats. Toxicology 2007, 229:114-122.
16. Gray J.L.E., Barlow N.J., Howdeshell K.L., Ostby J.S., Furr J.R., Gray C.L. Transgeneration effects of Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in the male CRL:CD(SD) rat: added value of assessing multiple offspring per little. Toxicol. Sci. 2009, 110:411-425.
17. Guo Y., Wu Q., Kannan K. Phthalate metabolites in urine from China, and implications for human exposures. Environ. Int. 2011, 37:893-898.
18. Guo Y., Zhang Z., Liu L., Li Y., Ren N., Kannan K. Occurrence and profiles of phthalates in foodstuffs from china and their implications for human exposure. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2012, 26:6913-6919.
19. Health Canada Priority substances list assessment report. Bis(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate 1994, 32.
20. Heinemeyer G., Sommerfeld C., Springer A., Heiland A., Lindtner O., Greiner M., Heuer T., Krems C., Conrad A. Estimation of dietary intake of bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) by consumption of food in the German population. Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health 2013, 216:472-480.
21. Heudorf U., Mersch-Sundermann V., Angerer J. Phthalates: toxicology and exposure. Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health 2007, 210:623-634.
22. Hu X.-Y., Wen B., Shan X.-Q. Survey of phthalate pollution in arable soils in China. J. Environ. Monit. 2003, 5:649-653.
23. Koch H.M., Drexler H., Angerer J. An estimation of the daily intake of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) and other phthalates in the general population. Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health 2003, 206:77-83.
24. Lin H., Ge R.-S., Chen G.-R., Hu G.-X., Dong L., Lian Q.-Q., Hardy D.-O., Sottas C.-M., Li X.-K., Hardy M.-P. Involvement of testicular growth factors in fetal Leydig cell aggregation after exposure to phthalate in utero. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2008, 105:7218-7222.
25. Martine B., Marie-Jeanne T., Cendrine D., Fabrice A., Marc C. Assessment of adult human exposure to phthalate esters in the urban centre of Paris (France). Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 2013, 90:91-96.
26. Meeker J.D., Sathyanarayana S., Swan S.H. Phthalates and other additives in plastics: human exposure and associated health outcomes. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B: Biol. Sci. 2009, 364:2097-2113.
27. Mortensen G.K., Main K.M., Andersson A.M., Leffers H., Skakkebaek N.E. Determination of phthalate monoesters in human milk, consumer milk, and infant formula by tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS). Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2005, 382:1084-1092.
28. Morton S.J. The hepatic effects of dietary di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate 1979, B 40(09):4236. (dissertation; abstract in Dissertation abstracts international), Ann Arbor, MI, Johns Hopkins University.
29. Noriega N.C., Howdeshell K.L., Furr J., Lambright C.R., Wilson V.S., Gray L.E. Pubertal administration of DEHP delays puberty, suppresses testosterone production, and inhibits reproductive tract development in male Sprague-Dawley and Long-Evans rats. Toxicol. Sci. 2009, 111:163-178.
30. Pan G., Hanaoka T., Yoshimura M., Zhang S., Wang P., Tsukino H., Inoue K., Nakazawa H., Tsugane S., Takahashi K. Decreased serum free testosterone in workers exposed to high levels of di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP): a cross-sectional study in China. Environ. Health Perspect. 2006, 114:1643-1648.
31. Petersen J.H., Breindahl T. Plasticizers in total diet samples, baby food and infant formulae. Food Addit. Contam. 2000, 17:133-141.
32. Poon R., Lecavalier P., Mueller R., Valli V.E., Procter B.G., Chu I. Subchronic oral toxicity of di-n-octyl phthalate and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in the rat. Food Chem. Toxicol. 1997, 35:225-239.
33. Schettler T. Human exposure to phthalates via consumer products. Int. J. Androl. 2006, 29:134-139.
34. Silva M.J., Barr D.B., Reidy J.A., Malek N.A. Urinary levels of seven phthalate metabolites in the US population from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2000. Environ. Health Perspect. 2004, 112:331-338.
35. Sioen I., Fierens T., Van-Holderbeke M., Geerts L., Bellemans M., De-Maeyer M., Servaes K., Vanermen G., Boon P.E., De-Henauw S. Phthalates dietary exposure and food sources for Belgian preschool children and adults. Environ. Int. 2012, 48:102-108.
36. Sui H.-X., Zhang L., Mao W.-F., Li J.-W., Liu A.-D., Liu Z.-P. Establishment of the threshold of toxicological concern with decision tree approach and its application in food contact materials. Chin. J. Food Hyg. 2012, 24:109-113.
37. UK Cot Statement on Dietary Exposure to Phthalates - Data from the Total Diet Study (TDS) 2011.
38. USEPA Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) (CASRN 117-81-7) 1997, http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0014.htm.
39. Wang K.-X., Cai H.-T. Practical Industrial Additives Book 2001, 133-135. Chemical Industry Press, Beijing.
40. World Health Organization (WHO) Second workshop on reliable evaluation of low-level contamination of food. Report on a workshop in the frame of GEMS/Food-EURO, GEMS/Food-EURO 1995, World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, Kulmbach, Rome, (EUR/ICP/EHAZ.94.12/WS04) http://www.who.int/foodsafety/publications/chem/lowlevel_may1995/en/.
41. World Health Organization (WHO) Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate in drinking-water. Background document for preparation of WHO Guidelines for drinking-water quality 2003, World Health Organization, Geneva, (WHO/SDE/WSH/03.04/29).
42. Wirth J.J., Rossano M.G., Potter R., Puscheck E., Daly D.C., Paneth N., Krawetz S.A., Protas B.M., Diamond M.P. A pilot study associating urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites and semen quality. Syst. Biol. Reprod. Med. 2008, 54:143-154.
43. Wolfe G., Layton K. Diethylhexylphthalate: multigenerational reproductive assessment by continuous breeding when administered to Sprague-Dawley rats in the diet, Govt Reports Announcements 2003, 12. TherImmune Research Corp., Gaithersburg, MD.
44. Wolkowski-Tyl R.C., Jones-Price M.C., Marr M.C., Kinmel C.A. Teratologic Evaluation of Diethylhexyl Phthalate in CD-1 Mice. Final Report 1984, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR, PB85-105674.
45. Wormuth M., Scheringer M., Vollenweider M., Hungerbuhler K. What are the sources of exposure to eight frequently used phthalic acid esters in Europeans?. Risk Anal. 2006, 26:803-824.
46. Wu P.-G., Yang D.-J., Zhang L.-Q., Shen X.-H., Pan X.-D., Wang L.-Y., Zhang J., Tan Y., Feng L., Ying Y. Simultaneous determination of 17 phthalate esters in edible vegetable oils by GC-MS with silica/PSA-mixed solid-phase extraction. J. Sep. Sci. 2012, 35:2932-2939.
47. Yang Y.-X., Wang G.-Y., Pan X.-X. China Food Composition. Edited by Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, China CDC 2002, Peking University Medical Press, Beijing, China.
48. Zhang X.F., Zhang L.J., Li L., Feng Y.N., Chen B., Ma J.M., Huynh E., Shi Q.H., De Felici M., Shen W. Diethylhexyl phthalate exposure impairs follicular development and affects oocyte maturation in the mouse. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 2013, 54:354-361.
49. Zhu J., Phillips S.P., Feng Y.-L., Yang X. Phthalate esters in human milk: concentration variations over a 6-month postpartum time. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2006, 40:5276-5281.