Not worth the risk: Apex predators suppress herbivory on coral reefs

Oikos

Volumn 123, Issue 7, 2014, Pages 829-836

  Rizzari, Justin R ^a   Frisch, Ashley J ^a   Hoey, Andrew S ^a   McCormick, Mark I ^a  

^a JAMES COOK UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CORAL REEF; ECOSYSTEM RESILIENCE; FLATFISH; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; HERBIVORY; MACROALGA; MARINE ECOSYSTEM; PREDATION RISK; PREDATOR-PREY INTERACTION; SHARK; TROPHIC LEVEL;

ANTHOZOA; CARCHARHINUS SPRINGERI; CHONDRICHTHYES; EPINEPHELINAE; PISCES;

EID: 84902539678     PISSN: 00301299     EISSN: 16000706     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/oik.01318     Document Type: Article

References (59)

1. Babcock R. C. et al. 2010. Decadal trends in marine reserves reveal differential rates of change in direct and indirect effects. - Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 107 : 18256 - 18261.
2. Bascompte J. et al. 2005. Interaction strength combinations and the overfishing of a marine food web. - Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 102 : 5443 - 5447.
3. Creel S. and Christianson D. 2008. Relationships between direct predation and risk effects. - Trends Ecol. Evol. 23 : 194 - 201.
4. Dill L. M. et al. 2003. Behaviourally mediated indirect interactions in marine communities and their conseration implications. - Ecology 84 : 1151 - 1157.
5. Downie R. A. et al. 2013. Density of herbivorous fish and intensity of herbivory are influenced by proximity to coral reefs. - Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 482 : 217 - 225.
6. Estes J. A. et al. 1998. Killer whale predation on sea otters linking oceanic and nearshore ecosystems. - Science 282 : 473 - 476.
7. Estes J. A. et al. 2011. Trophic downgrading of planet earth. - Science 333 : 301 - 306.
8. Fortin D. et al. 2005. Wolves influence elk movements: behaviour shapes a trophic cascade in Yellowstone National Park. - Ecology 86 : 1320 - 1330.
9. Frank D. A. 2008. Evidence for top predator control of a grazing ecosystem. - Oikos 117 : 1718 - 1724.
10. Friedlander A. M. and DeMartini E. E. 2002. Contrasts in density, size, and biomass of reef fishes between the northwestern and the main Hawaiian islands: the effects of fishing down apex predators. - Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 230 : 253 - 264.
11. Frid A. et al. 2012. Interspecific variation in life history relates to antipredator decisions by marine mesopredators on temperate reefs. - PloS ONE 7 : e40083.
12. Frisch A. J. et al. 2012. Effects of spearfishing on reef fish populations in a multi-use conservation area. - PLoS ONE 7 : e51938.
13. Frisch A. J. et al. 2014. Trophic ecology of large predatory reef fishes: energy pathways, trophic level, and implications for fisheries in a changing climate. - Mar. Biol. 161 : 61 - 73.
14. Heithaus M. R. et al. 2008. Predicting ecological consequencs of marine top predator declines. - Trends Ecol. Evol. 23 : 202 - 210.
15. Helfman G. S. 1989. Threat-sensitive predator avoidance in damselfish-trumpetfish interactions. - Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 24 : 47 - 58.
16. Hixon M. A. et al. 2002. Population regulation: historical context and contemporary challenges of open vs closed systems. - Ecology 83 : 1490 - 1508.
17. Hoey A. S. and Bellwood D. R. 2009. Limited functional redundancy in a high diversity system: single species dominates key ecological process on coral reefs. - Ecosystems 12 : 1316 - 1328.
18. Hoey A. S. and Bellwood D. R. 2010. Among-habitat variation in herbivory on Sargassum spp. on a mid-shelf reef in the northern Great Barrier Reef. - Mar. Biol. 157 : 189 - 200.
19. Hoey A. S. and Bellwood D. R. 2011. Suppression of herbivory by macroalgal density: a critical feedback on coral reefs? - Ecol. Lett. 14 : 267 - 273.
20. Hughes T. P. et al. 2007. Phase shifts, herbivory, and the resilience of coral reefs to climate change. - Curr. Biol. 17 : 360 - 365.
21. Jackson J. B. C. et al. 2001. Historical overfishing and the recent collapse of coastal ecosystems. - Science 93 : 629 - 638.
22. Lima S. L. and Dill L. M. 1990. Behavioural decisions made under the risk of predation: a review and prospectus. - Can. J. Zool. 68 : 619 - 640.
23. Madin E. M. P. et al. 2010a. Field evidence for pervasive indirect effects of fishing on prey foraging behaviour. - Ecology 91 : 3563 - 3571.
24. Madin E. M. P. et al. 2010b. Fishing indirectly structures macroalgal assemblages by altering herbivore behaviour. - Am. Nat. 176 : 785 - 801.
25. Madin E. M. P. et al. 2011. Landscape of fear visible from space. - Sci. Rep. 1 (14).
26. Madin E. M. P. et al. 2012. Do behavioural foraging responses of prey to predators function similarly in restored and pristine foodwebs? - PLoS ONE 7 : e32390.
27. McCook L. J. 1996. Effects of herbivores and water quality on the distribution of Sargassum on the central Great Barrier Reef: cross-shelf transplants. - Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 139 : 179 - 192.
28. Mumby P. J. and Steneck R. S. 2008. Coral reef management and conservation in the light of rapidly evolving ecological paradigms. - Trends Ecol. Evol. 23 : 555 - 563.
29. Mumby P. J. et al. 2006. Fishing, trophic cascades, and the process of grazing on coral reefs. - Science 311 : 98 - 101.
30. Mumby P. J. et al. 2007. Trophic cascade facilitates coral recruitment in a marine reserve. - Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 104 : 8362 - 8367.
31. Myers R. A. and Worm B. 2003. Rapid worldwide depletion of predatory fish communities. - Nature 423 : 280 - 283.
32. Nadon M. et al. 2012. Re-creating missing population baselines for Pacific reef sharks. - Conserv. Biol. 26 : 493 - 503.
33. Paine R. T. 1966. Food web complexity and species diversity. - Am. Nat. 100 : 65 - 75.
34. Papastamatiou Y. P. et al. 2011. Scales of orientation, directed walks and movement path structure in sharks. - J. Anim. Ecol. 80 : 864 - 874.
35. Pauly D. et al. 1998. Fishing down marine food webs. - Science 279 : 860 - 863.
36. Peacor S. D. and Werner E. E. 2001. The contribution of trait-mediated indirect effects to the net effects of a predator. - Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 98 : 3904 - 3908.
37. Preisser E. L. et al. 2005. Scared to death? the effects of intimidation and consumption in predator-prey interactions. - Ecology 86 : 501 - 509.
38. Rakitin A. and Kramer D. L. 1996. Effect of a marine reserve on the distribution of coral reef fishes in Barbados. - Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 131 : 97 - 113.
39. Rasher D. B. et al. 2013. Consumer diversity interacts with prey defenses to drive ecosystem function. - Ecology 96 : 1347 - 1358.
40. Ripple W. J. et al. 2001. Trophic cascades among wolves, elk and aspen on Yellowstone National Park's northern range. - Biol. Conserv. 102 : 227 - 234.
41. Ripple W. J. et al. 2014. Trophic cascades from wolves to grizzly bears in Yellowstone. - J. Anim. Ecol. 83 : 223 - 233.
42. Robbins W. D. et al. 2006. Ongoing collapse of coral-reef shark populations. - Curr. Biol. 16 : 2314 - 2319.
43. Ruppert J. L. W. et al. 2013. Caught in the middle: combined impacts of shark removal and coral loss on the fish communities of coral reefs. - PLoS ONE 8 : e74648.
44. Ruttenberg B. I. et al. 2011. Predator-induced demographic shifts in coral fish assemblages. - PLoS ONE 6 : e21062.
45. Rypstra A. L. and Buddle C. M. 2012. Spider silk reduces insect herbivory. - Biol. Lett. 9 : 20120948.
46. Sandin S. A. et al. 2008. Baselines and degradation of coral reefs in the Northern Line Islands. - PLoS ONE 3 : e1548.
47. Schmitz O. J. et al. 2004. Trophic cascades: the primacy of trait-mediated indirect interaction. - Ecol. Lett. 7 : 153 - 163.
48. Schmitz O. J. et al. 2008. From individuals to ecosystem function: toward an integration of evolutionary and ecosystem ecology. - Ecology 89 : 2436 - 2445.
49. Sheppard C. R. C. et al. 2009. The biology of coral reefs. - Oxford Univ. Press.
50. Shurin J. B. et al. 2002. A cross-ecosystem comparison of the strength of trophic cascades. - Ecol. Lett. 5 : 785 - 791.
51. Speed C. W. et al. 2012. Trophic ecology of reef sharks determined using stable isotopes and telemetry. - Coral Reefs 31 : 357 - 367.
52. St. John J. 1999. Ontogenetic changes in the diet of the coral reef grouper Plectropomus leopardus (Serranidae): patterns in taxa, size and habitat of prey. - Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 180 : 233 - 246.
53. Stevens J. D. 1984. Life-history and ecology of sharks at Aldabra Atoll, Indian Ocean. - Proc. R. Soc. B 222 : 79 - 106.
54. Terborgh J. and Estes J. A. 2010. Trophic cascades: predators, prey, and the changing dynamics of nature. - Island Press.
55. Valeix M. et al. 2009. Behavioural adjustments of African herbivores to predation risk by lions: spatiotemporal variations in habitat use. - Ecology 90 : 23 - 30.
56. Verdolin J. L. 2006. Meta-analysis of foraging and predation risk tradeoffs in terrestrial systems. - Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 60 : 457 - 464.
57. Walsh S. M. et al. 2012. Fishing top predators indirectly affects condition and reproduction in a reef-fish community. - J. Fish Biol. 80 : 519 - 537.
58. Williams I. D. and Polunin N. V. C. 2001. Large-scale associations between macroalgal cover and grazer biomass on mid-depth reefs in the Caribbean. - Coral Reefs 19 : 358 - 366.
59. Zeller D. C. 1997. Home range and activity patterns of the coral trout Plectopomus leopardus (Serranidae). - Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 154 : 65 - 77.